نشریه دراسات فی السردانیه العربیه
سال دوم شماره 1 (الخریف و الشتاء 2021-2020)

Since the graphic images of an analogy, metaphor, metaphor, and metaphor, seek to influence the recipient and enable meaning in his mind, it can be said that they are of deliberative dimensions. This research has investigated the maqamat of al-Zamakhshari with a descriptive-analytical method, in order to reveal the features of deliberation, represented by the means of harmony in the science of rhetoric through the process of thinking and interpretation. In other words, the research deals with the Arab linguistic heritage and attempts to relate it to the data of Western theory in accordance with the concept of text's syntax in proportion to it with the maqamat of Zamakhshari. What is noticed in these maqamas is that textual coherence is clearly evidenced. Al-Zamakhshari has employed the means of harmony well, weaving its maqamat coherently, and the text of the text was realized with the emergence of these means. In the analysis of the maqamat, the importance of the recipient’s role in analyzing the text and deciphering its elements was highlighted by his perception of the language of the text and its context. The study demonstrated the close relationship between Arab heritage and the text's syntax, and this is what we have seen from the contribution of the science of rhetoric after it, one of the means of text harmony.

Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a significant sub-discipline of Discourse Analysis. This approach takes its lead from the philosophical ideas propounded by Michel Foucault, Sigmund Freud, and Karl Marx. Norman Fairclough, an eminent theorist of CDA, attempts to link linguistic features to social issues so that linguists find it necessary to engage with social problems. According to Fairclough, discourse analysis can be performed at three levels: description, explanation, and interpretation. In the holy Quran and Surahs like “Hojarat”, there are abundant conceptual signs which are used to modify social norms. The interpretation level in CDA deals with the relationship between dominant social discourse with different social discourses. Drawing on the description and explanation levels of CDA, this study attempt to develop a critical framework to analyze social discourses in “Hojarat” Surah. It is proposed that the narrative discourse at the education axis in “Hojarat” Surah is in line with social discourses which seek to define Islamic value system

This research discusses the narrative in the poems of the poet “Badr Shakir Al-Sayyab” and in his poem “The Convoy of Loss” in particular. The importance of the research is evident in the fact that it deals with the language of a popular Arab poet, and with narratology as a method available in modern poetry. The goal is not only to highlight the poet, his poetry, or the era but to help the readers reach a perception where they can spot differences and boundaries that distinguish the poetic language from the narrative language. This is done by following the two styles in the same text, despite their overlapping, aimed at serving creativity and meaning. As for the methodology of the study, it adopts the behavioral-distributive linguistic research that was brought by the American linguist Bloomfield and applied it in his narratives. This approach has been capable of achieving the goal of the research, as the distribution was an important factor in forming the title, and the behavioral arrangement was essential in the semantic course presented. In order to achieve the desired goals of the adopted approach, the main titles of the research were: 1 the title, 2 the verbs (behavioral study), 3 religious and historical stories, 4 the dialogue. As for the results, this brief study showed that the poem is based on both the narrative and poetry. On the narrative level, the elements of the fictional genre, which are the events, the spatial time frame, the characters, the dialogue, and the narrative voice, are present in most of them. On the poetic level, the poet was unstinting in his use of symbolism and metaphor. However, the segregation of them lies in the segregation of reality and what’s been imagined, so the expression teeters between the transmission of the reality and the fabrication of a poetic image that speaks the details of the psychological side. This leads to a correlation between the two and an affection and an influence, as the reality pressures the psychological state until the emotion erupts, whereas the emotion directs its force towards the world in order to influence it. One of the two styles may prevail over the other in some aspects of the text, but it seems that both of them are means and ends simultaneously.

post–colonialism is the term that historians have used in the post–world war ll era to show the era that followed most of the world’s independence from modern western colonialism. Post-colonial discourse is one of the fruits of post–colonial theory invented by Edward Said and is one of the contemporary literary approaches that relate to its mission to theorist and colonial issues.
In this article, we aim to discuss one of the famous contemporary Arab Jordanian novels written in this regard, which are the Dafater Al-tufan of Samiha Khreis , based on Edward Said’s theory to explore post–colonial features in it we concluded that the author refers accurately and technically to the post–colonial problem in Arab society through the tongue of different things and inanities and is equally concerned with all the post–colonial features presented in its narrative effect, and it has not favored one over another post–colonial components have been used in public affairs familiar to Arab life and refer to them artfally. Then Khreis reflects in the Dafter Al-tufan some characteristics against colonialism, such as the confrontation against the domination of the West, the center, the margin, nationality, freedom, independence and the lowly with special skill.

The narration in Arabic literature has had numerous inquiries, investigations, and studies. This is due to the great diversity of arts, branches, and variety of representations, especially those arts that are included in analogical expressions and linguistic expressions, such as stories and tales that represent real social actions. That are transmitted in a representative constructive manner and theexpressional performance. The narration of proverbs is based on the exchange of ideas or is transferred in dialogue through their representation when the context unit has been matched on two similar occasions. Literary work reveals the essential personality of norm on one hand and the culture of the society in therefore, it was said on the other hand. Which, it is not reasonable that the (Nahj Al Balagha) appeared as a result of an individual invention without relying on social realities related to the individual or group a group of people. Moreover, it is unreasonable that a literary form such as Nahj Al Balagha, characterized by such social richness has existed and remained for centuries as itwas studied by writers, scholars, and researchers. with great differences among each other as they belong to different environments and different nationalities across a period of time without a significant relationship between the content of this literary form and the most important aspects of social life. To reveal the value of Nahj Al Balagha among the narratives of culture and the norms of society, this study will employ to the method of tackling the proverbs and linguistic expressions of Imam Ali that were conveyed through his experiments and familiarities from inherited societies to the society in which he lived.  However, this study will be concerned ing on with two main points:   The first issue is tackling the socio-cultural and the narratives of semiotic linguistic., whereas the second issue is tackling the mores, conventionalism, and traditional usage. It is worth mentioning that the research proceeded according to the historical method, with the inclusion of contextual and descriptive-analytical approaches. The significant results of this study concluded as are:1-Each creative writer can stand on depend on the structure of the collective self collective to contemplate situations and events, and choose what he/she wants from the society says that radiate from the horizon of that creator for creative genius is at the forefront of persons each who try to form a collective self that exceeds the individual self. 2-The mores, customs, and tradition were represented in the stylistic approach of the proverbial expressions.  W which are inventions of the pre-Islamic Arab society; this indicates the influence of language of Nahj Al Balagha that became enrollment a true record in the history of Arab.

Identity is the most challenging subject in the modern world due to the flood of technology in the second half of the twentieth century, coupled with other post-modernist phenomena which have impacted our lives. Ibrahim Nasrollah, the renowned Palestinian author, in a novel titled: Harb al-Kalb al-Thaniah (The Second Dog War) has addressed this challenge through literature. In this novel, he has depicted the future of human life through an imaginary world, using magical realism. The basic concept of the novel is “Simulation”. This phenomenon enters the world of the story and spreads among the people. Day by day the people become more and more like each other and step by step, the fraudulence, violence and conflict in society increase and begin to take over. Through magic realism and using the descriptive –analytical approach to the novel, this paper seeks to study this process as an individual action leads to great human disaster.

Women in the Egyptian and Iranian society have played a prominent role in contemporary social and political events whereas Creative female personalities, such as the Iranian “Simin Daneshvar” and the Egyptian “Radwi Ashour”, appeared in the novel. In fact, they were interested in portraying the role of women in society through the writing of the novels "Siraj" by Radwa Ashour and “Savushun” by Simin Daneshvar. For this reason, the research has dealt with the overlap of the two narratives and on the general discourse prevailing over them in order to stand on the faces of the intended discourse of these two writers, approaching the analytical descriptive method, based on the realist school according to the feminist critical comparison approach in light of the American school of comparative literature. The research found that the two narratives overlap in terms of monitoring the social contents and real events in their society, and for this reason, the prevailing discourse became embodied in the historical discourse, and a return to history to monitor a social discourse to depict the role of women in Iranian and Arab society, while the two narratives abound with intense vocabulary, expressions and descriptions that depict women. In vocabulary and expressions so that an attempt was made to suggest the role of women and broadcast the woman’s voice through internal dialogue and retrieval of time from history, and for this the end of the two novels was a pioneering role for women in a feminist discourse and this stage passed through an emotional experience of the writers with social events and political facts in their Iranian and Arab countries for an honest expression that fulfills the feminist discourse And historical passing through the heritage.

This research is entitled (Aesthetics of slowness in the narration of the Holy Quran) and with the aim of showing the aesthetics of the slowness technique in narration in the Holy Quran by considering Surah Yusuf as a practical Sample. This research intends to unveil the aesthetic techniques in the Holy Quran, namely the techniques of dialogue and pause and their use in an artistic and semantic way and to examine the extent of its impact on narration and its semantic aims, which is beyond narration. And since it uses the Holy Quran as a material for the application of narrative and critical concepts and theories, it undoubtedly leads to an in-depth and important research that is not possible in any other text. Also, any study related to the Holy Quran will be an eternal research which survives on the wise sayings that God – the merciful - has preserved over the ages. This research conducted on descriptive and analytical method to observe and follow the artistic phenomena in Surah Yusuf, which slowness the narration in this surah; and This has been done with the aim of examining the slowness technique, discussing the structure of the narrative, and analyzing these two techniques to achieve objective results. It was determined that the art of dialogue is very widespread in Surah Yusuf; Even the conversational verses reach seventy-one verses from the total of ninety-eight verses, which is the number of verses in the surah. Finally, by examining the narration techniques, it becomes clear that these techniques, including slowness technique, cause a semantic balance in the surah.

This research intends to examine those cultural paradigms that have been briefly summarized by some the contemporary Tunisian, Moroccan, and Algerian feminist narrative works based on a descriptive-analytical method and through a cultural approach in which the categories of cultural criticism and systemic procedures are used while help in text exploring and researching the unspoken help to penetrate possible spaces and search for the dominant paradigm. Therefore, the present study has selected examples of the novelists (Tunisian, Moroccan, and Algerian) with the titles (Ghurbat al-Yasmeen, the A ‘am Al-Fil, and Sa’zef Nafsi Amamek), in which their works included cultural paradigm and seek to create a narrative text-based approach with aesthetic and intellectual features, but it includes semantic and cultural rebellion that is quite different from the physical features of the text and it turn the text to the scene of contradictory cultural and intellectual paradigms. Among the most important paradigms which have been examined in the three selected narrations, we can mention manhood, the approach of humiliating women and the approach of a religious institution. The feminist narrative of the Maghreb is a covenant that protects the existence of Maghreb women, and is a platform that express their voice in the form of democracy, and to remove the darkness that they have suffered for so long.

Argumentative discourse occupies a large space in the Qur’an text in general and the two surat al-Baqara and Taha in particular, and this is evident through the multiplicity of topics they dealt with and the diversity of those addressing them. This is what led to the employment of many orbital mechanisms. Linguistic, rhetorical ... with the aim of attracting the attention of those addressed in order to comply and be convinced of what they were ordered, and for that this study came with the help of the pragmatic approach to shed light on the mechanisms of argumentative and persuasion in Surat Al-Baqara and Surat Taha, that is because their goal is to make the recipient party convinced of submission to God Almighty. Through the presentation of the verses of the argument and the dialogue that took place between the sender and the recipient, and the monitoring of verbal actions and argumentative links to achieve the strategy of persuasion within the large field of discourse strategies Which means that the accomplished speech is an ongoing planned speech, As the sender intends in his speech to employ an appropriate strategy that expresses his intention and achieves his goal, in the words of Abdul Hadi bin Dhafer Al-Shehri, which is a pragmatic strategy, which gets its name from the goal of the speech, and the act of persuasion and its guidance is always based on previous assumptions about the elements of the context, especially the addressee. The strategy for achieving the goals of the sender.

This study aims to observe the nature of the ancient Arabic narrative, and on the basis of the narrative analytical method, by studying the feature of the encyclopedia that normalizes the ancient Arabic prose texts in a striking way, indicating the richness and abundance of knowledge, and the extension and bifurcation of the knowledge in the culture of the Arab writer. We have followed this feature in the book “Al-Imtāʿ wa al-Mu’ānasa” by Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi as a discourse based on the encyclopedic narrative, to know its manifestations, forms and functions. Al-Tawhidi's bet on achieving the goal of sitting with the minister is to be entertaining and enlightening, which justifies the speaker’s negotiation about what will prevent him from achieving this goal, and his request to overcome the obstacles that would disturb him during the performance of his mission. We understand from this the desire of Al-Tawhidi to harness all his encyclopedic capabilities and cultural qualifications to achieve the goal of "conversation and socialization", and the appearance of an encyclopedic writer is only a form of influence, as the speaker's goal is to provoke feelings of approval and satisfaction with Minister Ibn Saadan. The encyclopedic picture of the speaker, although it is a feature that characterizes the prose of the monotheism in its entirety, in the context of the gambling it was linked to the function of deliberative conduct, as the speaker intends to perform his educational and entertaining functions that were entrusted to him, so that he attains the approval of the Minister Ibn Saadan, and achieves favor in his council, and one of the documents brings us closer to this feature.

The school of Impressionism has evolved from the art of painting to literature since its emergence in the late nineteenth and late twentieth centuries; And tries to describe the style of writing a literary work. This school of art emphasizes the play of light and shadow, the perception and recording of the moment, subjectivism, the ambiguity of the image, the unstable radiance of colors and the blending with the symbol in a literary work. Sana'a Shalan is the holder of the World Peace Star Award, a well-known Palestinian-born writer who has embellished the novel (Perceptions of forgetfulness in Arabic: Adrakoha Al_Nassian) with elements of Impressionist stories. Reflecting on the Impressionist elements at the bottom of the story, Shalaan, like a painter, paints a picture of reality and fantasy, a desire for world peace and justice, and important humanitarian issues such as war and displacement, has painted poverty, love and awakening of thoughts in the picture of human life. Following this process, we read the novel in a descriptive-analytical way, analyzing the components of Impressionism, and in another part, based on the theory (Suzanne Ferguson) on the characteristics of Impressionist fiction, and examining and analyzing the perceptions of (Adrakoha Al_Nassian ) in the balance, critique and analysis. We have highlighted the data and aspects of this theory. The results indicate that the novel (Adrakoha Al_Nassian) in Arabic literature is a successful example of a fictional literature called Impressionism; Also the author of the novel (Adrakoha Al_Nassian) based on the model (Susan Ferguson) and using Impressionist features such as; Metaphorical pirang, metaphorical plot, discontinuity of time and place, incoherent narration of events, creation in the form of story and highlighting the style of story, presents ambiguity narrative in the visible layer of the story, which has replaced the unspoken narrative in the deeper layers of the story.