نشریه دراسات فی السردانیه العربیه
سال چهارم شماره 2 (الربیع و الصیف 2023)

The Character is one of the fundamental components of the story, and one of its approaches is activism. The action in the story is the same as the action of the character, and the use of each of these characters in the story requires special precision and tenderness, every writer can establish a deep connection with the reader and draw him into the heart of the story by using the characters correctly, and accompany him to the end of the story. This paper aims to analyze the characters of Suhar's novel Al Mustanga, which is one of the realist novels of this author, based on Grimas’s pattern of action, using a descriptive and analytical method. Grimas, under the influence of Propp, proposed his theory of narratology and his model of action is applicable in almost all literary genres. he proposed a model for the investigation of character actions in the story, which consists of 3 models: "actor/target", "active/active" and "active/anti-active" are formed. The findings of the research indicate that the characters of the novel have distinct value systems (love and betrayal, forgiveness and selfishness, revenge and benevolence, swamp and highway) according to Grimas's action model: Fouad as The actor character in the traditional atmosphere of the Egyptian society has moved on the way to reach his goal without any stagnation, and has set the action of the story and put other components of this model on the path of role-playing.

Communicative implication is considered as one of the most important concepts and points of view in linguistic studies. Pole Grice is one of the most prominent theorists, whose communicative maxims are based on the principle of coordination. According to this theory, interlocutors are required to follow different maxims in their speech. Conversation should revolve around 4 main maxims: maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of occasion, and maxim of approach. The absence of every single one in conversation would disrupt the flow of conversation and transmission of speaker’s words from explicit meaning to implicit meaning based on position or status, the implication of which can be analyzed based on Grice’s model. The objective of this article is to examine communicative implications in White Barde Sun. It finds that characters (interlocutors) in the novel break the rules of communicative implication of Grice and accordingly, pay more attention to implicit meaning. It is contended that maxims of quantity, quality, location, and method (approach) are deviated in conversations to showcase the protagonist’s mistakes.

Alienation, a very common phenomenon in society, is considered as one of the crises of humankind. This phenomenon happens when people feel defeated and are unable to respond to social needs and changes, whereby they reject cultural beliefs and values as ​​accepted by the public. One of the contemporary theorists who gave a scientific description and analysis of this phenomenon is Melvin Seaman, who organized his approach in five components. This article, with a descriptive-analytical method, we seek to examine Adrakaha Al Nisyaan novel by Sanna Shaalan, a prolific writer of contemporary Arab literature. It finds that that all the axes of Simon’s theory are reflected in the behavior of the novel's characters, and the writer was able to rebuke the authoritarian society of the novel by characterizing its people as foreigners. In addition, the heroine of the novel fails to communicate with the society around because she is frustrated and oppressed, which tellingly appears in the words that the author uses to confusion, misery, and brokenness. She lives in a society where its ideas and standards are different from her dreams and desires, due to which love, patriotism, and freedom are overlooked. The alienation of the characters in the novel is the result of several factors, including tyranny and oppression of the ruling class, denying the deprived class of effective participation in managing social system, denying the value of creativity, and paying attention to pretention.

hazi Abdul Rahman Al-Gosaibi is considered as one of the most prominent writers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and a renowned critic.  He used humor frequently in his works in historical, political, social, cultural, and economic guise, to showcase his critical stance towards the failed and incompetent Arab regimes in a gray tone, and towards the colonial Western regimes in a stark black tone. This paper intends to study the art of humor and its role in The Amphibian Abu Shallakh, particularly how humor carries semantic meanings with it based on a descriptive-analytical approach. Al-Gosaibi does not only intend to make the reader laugh, but aims to search for pains and fears of life in Islamic and non-Islamic communities. The writer intends to cure national and social problems through bitter and stinging humorous criticism, revealing the stupidity and naivety of society and the cleverness of rulers and states in exploiting this naivety. Al-Gosaibi’s humor has two basic features: First, in terms of significance, it carries revolutionary meanings that denounce political, social, cultural, and economic regimes around the world, especially in Arab academies. Secondly, in terms of style, it was formulated in blatant language and a strong and overwhelming tone that targets the regimes that betrayed the Arab and global causes, especially the Islamic world. In the end, it discusses the writer's most prominent methods of expressing concepts in a humorous way.

This article examines a postmodern mode of narration, i.e., meta-narrative, which was first employed by the American novelist William Gass. Metafiction is one of the most important features of postmodern literature, which is different from the traditional mode of narration, that draws on new techniques in writing fiction. This study attempts to examine the meta-adventure in Afaei Alnar by Jalal Barjas, in which metafiction techniques are used in order to new and wide spaces. Based on a descriptive-analytical approach, this study concludes that the narrative of Jalal Barjas often oscillates between fantasy and reality, between the past and the present. Among the most important metaphorical techniques he employes in the novel are the followings: evoking writing rituals, referring to the process of writing, embodying writing anxiety, fragmenting narration through creating multiple narrators (polyphony), and oscillating between illusory imagination and truth. These items draw the reader’s attention more to the narration process itself than to the subject of narration.

Ibn Sharaf al-Qayrawani is considered as one of the most famous writers on the subject of writing maqama, in which he draws inspiration from literary techniques such as allusions, proverbs, grammatical and jurisprudential riddles, and others. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, tries to analyze her artistic and creative features in writing maqama by examining the narrative structure in Ibn Sharaf al-Qirwani’s authorities and narrative factors. The study finds that considering narrative elements, Ibn Sharaf al-Qairwani has a special skill in presenting fictional characters both directly and indirectly. Also, the structure of time is consistent with the artistic rhythm of maqamah. In addition, he excels in structuring the plot by presenting events in a somewhat coherent form.