فصلنامه مطالعات امنیت اجتماعی
سال دوازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 68، زمستان 1400)

Violent crimes are among the most important crimes that arise the most sensitivities in the society. Accordingly, the present article aims to analyze the role of law enforcement in controlling violent crimes.

Qualitative research method is of content analysis type. The theme is a key element in this approach. The statistical population of the study was 18 people, including 7 MA students majoring in crime detection, 6 officers dealing with violent crimes, 2 commanders dealing with violent crimes and 3 faculty members of the Police University in 2021. Purposeful non-random sampling method was used to select from among the four above-mentioned groups (taking into account age diversity, years of services, rank, position, level of education, and category). Semi-structured in-depth interview method was used for data collection. To assess the validity and reliability of the data of the study, the criteria of acceptability, resemblance, and Brown and Clark (2006) determination and transferability were used. The codes obtained from the interviews were used by the J Attride-Stirling (2001) thematic network method.

Findings and conclusions indicate  that approximately 60% of police officers agree with the implementation of strict controls; 60% of them consider the interaction, cooperation and communication among the organizations responsible for  controlling violent crimes, especially the coordination of  judiciary and the police, to be effective in controlling violent crimes, and nearly 85% of people consider the implementation of violent crime control plans by the police,  are  evaluated  as organized, targeted-oriented and successful plans. Although some violent crimes (such as variety of quarrels); despite all its ups and downs, has not reduced significantly yet, the outlook for future research samples is positive. In their view, lack of appropriate and practical strategy, police not being supported at all levels, social status and conditions, legal and judicial problems and challenges, weakness in external communication, lack of interaction or inappropriate communication in particular with judiciary and criminal justice body are the most important challenges and hurdles related to the control of violent crimes.

Quarrel is one of the most important social harms in society that leaves deleterious consequences on society. Accordingly, in the framework of meta-analysis of the country's priority injuries, the study has looked into and wrapped up the factors affecting the harm of the quarrel based on the results of the findings obtained in the research projects conducted in Iran in the last decade.

In accordance with the nature of meta-analysis, following screening the identified studies in years 2009 to 2018, finally, 20 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. Statistical findings of selected studies were analyzed using CMA2.

The results of meta-analysis on assumptions related to quarrel indicated that there are seven frequently repeated variables in the studies, all have a significant impact on the quarrel or individual’s tendency toward quarrel. Education with an average impact factor of -0.352, age with an average impact factor of -0.331, socioeconomic base with an average impact factor of -0.270 and social control with an average impact factor of -0.239 have had inverse and deterrent impacts on quarrel and its potential for its occurrence on the part of individuals. In contrast, the variables of relative deprivation with an average impact factor of 0.309, ethnicity with an average impact factor of 0.427 and sense of anomie with an average impact factor of 0.255, have displayed a direct and stimulating impact on quarrel or its up-to-date potential among individuals. Based on the results of this meta-analysis, which has been in fact the result of recent valid research in the country, practical suggestions have been presented to prevent and reduce the crime of quarrel in society and it was concluded that increasing social dissatisfaction, social incompatibility, social isolation and relative deprivation will increase the tendency to quarrel.

The present study was conducted with the aim of designing a model for promoting media literacy of the audience of the programs of the IRIB in order to strengthen social security.

Research method in terms of purpose, is of basic-applied type; and in terms of data type is of quality type; and in terms of theory is of background type. The study population in the research included 23 academic and organizational experts who were interviewed using purposive non-random sampling method and data adequacy and saturation principle. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The data were analyzed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding.

The results of the findings of the study indicated that the central phenomenon of promoting media literacy of the audience in the IRIB includes: access, use, critical understanding, evaluation and message production. Causal conditions based on the Strauss and Corbin paradigm model  and research priorities, respectively, including religious beliefs, educational programs, personal competence, technological skills, managerial support and social capability; underlying factors including audience motivation, media attractiveness, and cultural capital were identified ; and lead to the consequences of maintaining individual identity, maintaining social identity, increasing trust in the media, and increasing awareness.

 Finally, a model for improving the media literacy of the audience of the programs of the IRIB was presented in order to strengthen social security based on the Strauss and Corbin theory.

Nowadays, the police conditions and its atmosphere of activity has become more complex, changeable and extensive, so that for most police organizations, the speed of this complexity and extensiveness is far more than the speed of their responsiveness and adaptability. Hence, to be able to respond to these challenges police organizations need model of new strategies so that they could lay emphasis on adapting themselves to environmental changes and responding to the needs of an ever-changing environment very rapidly. The purpose of the present research is to present a police model of strategic management in preventing female victimization and also to identify, explain and formulate concepts, dimensions, components and indicators of strategic management.

In terms of purpose, the present study is of applied type; and in terms of methodology, it is a qualitative research that has been carried out through content analysis method. The study population was identified from among experts of police, Ministry of Interior, university professors, judges, ministry of education, welfare organization, prisons’ organization by purposeful sampling and based on the principle of theoretical saturation, the sample size reached 14 people. Semi-structured interview tools were used for the interview and “MAXQDA 11” was used for data analysis.

The model of police strategic management to prevent female victimization in 4 dimensions including development, implementation, evaluation, development and correction, 13 components and 57 indicators was identified.

The results indicate that the model of police strategic management could identify the challenges and harms that affect law and order in the community and take steps to address them and may lead to greater effectiveness of this program

The present study, while analyzing the contexts and obstacles to the realization of smart police, has addressed its role in providing social security across the community.

This study is some sort of qualitative research conducted using Delphi technique. The statistical population included key informants (experts and specialists in various fields of ICT and social security of Kurdistan province Police), 12 of whom were selected by purposive sampling method based on maximum diversity and expertise. Research data was collected through interviews with a written group discussion approach, and analyzed conceptually in four stages.

The findings indicate that barriers such as traditional management, lack of collective will, slogan-like view toward intelligence, not paying attention to the applications of scientific-research activities, lack of cooperation from other organizations, delayed communication of employees with new technologies, employees not being motivated to attend new training courses, not using the specialized and skilled forces in the NAJA in the process of smartening, some commanders and managers applying their  own personal tastes and the limited financial resources in some police departments, prevent the NAJA from moving towards smartening.

Therefore, realization of smartening NAJA, leads to the enhancement of the accuracy and speed of employees in investigations, reduction of employees' vulnerability, enhancement of their self-confidence, improvement of people's trust in the police, improvement of NAJA’s social status, increasing the cost of crime commitment for criminals, reduction of crime grounds, enhancement of environmental surveillance and sending signals to criminals that they cannot easily commit crimes.

Happiness is one of the basic moods in a person's life and plays an important role in the framework of his psychological and social life. The present study aims at providing a model of happiness for Ilam province citizens based on the police community-orientation and mediation of social security feeling.
Research

The present study, in terms of aim, was of applied type and in terms of descriptive method was of correlational type. The statistical population of this study included Ilam province citizens aged 18 to 65 years in 2020-2021 with a sample size of 400 persons, using random clusters sampling method. Research data was collected using standard questionnaires of community-oriented police, social security feeling and happiness. Data analysis in this study was conducted using “amos 19” and “SPSS 21” and using structural equation modeling test.

The findings of the modeling stage indicated that the model fit indices are appropriate. According to this model, the indirect relationship between community-oriented police and social happiness through social security feeling was significant. The results also showed that community-oriented police had a direct impact on happiness and social security feeling, in addition, social security feeling had a direct impact on social happiness. In general, community-oriented police may affect social happiness via social security feeling as an influential mediator. Therefore, the security and police forces may pave the ground for increasing security feeling and social happiness among citizens, by using a community-oriented approach in performing their duties

Given the adverse and widespread impacts of tourist victimization on the tourism industry and the security aspects of the issue, it is necessary to explain the factors of tourist victimization from the perspective of cultural, organizational and legal criminology teachings. The present study aims at investigating the criminological factors affecting tourists’ security.

The present research has been of applied type, and using descriptive-analytical method and library studies has explained necessary information by note-taking and referring to reliable domestic and international legal sources.

Factors related to cultural conflicts, information and human communication and problems related to tourism literacy, and  from the perspective of cultural criminology; lack of dedicated tourism security bodies, obligations and conflicts between the public and private sectors, and structural and security weaknesses of transportation systems, from perspective of organizational criminology; and the legal consequences of the tourist's lack of knowledge of the rules and regulations of the host community and the challenges of dealing with illegal tourists are analyzed and justified in legal criminology approaches.Given the findings coinciding with the doctrines of criminology, the necessity of paying attention to cultural components and legal challenges in legislative programs related to tourism and the importance of removing administrative and organizational challenges such as establishing tourism police and paying attention to traffic and transportation structures are effective in reducing victimization and security of tourists.