نشریه پلاسما و نشانگرهای زیستی
سال پانزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 57، زمستان 1400)

Drug resistance of bacteria in infections diseases has led to more attention to the use of plants in the treatment of diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aqueous, organic extracts of leaves and roots of Polygonum aviculare L. on pathogenic bacteria in animal and laboratory models.

In this study, after preparing aqueous, ethanolic and estonian extracts of different parts of Polygonum aviculare L. powder, the MIC and MBC of the extracts on bacteria were determined by dilution methods in broth and well diffusion in agar. In this study, an animal model was administered by peritoneal injection of 5×105 CFU/ml of bacteria and 0.5 cc of extracts with MIC concentration, number of spleen bacterial colonies after 7 days by culture on Müllerinton agar and standard counting protocol.

The highest levels of MIC and MBC on Staphylococcus aureus related to leafy and ethanolic leaves were 57 and 38, respectively, on Pseudomonas aeruginosa related to stem and leaf ethanol, respectively 31 and 27, on Klebsiella pneumoniae ethanolic extract of root and leaf 57 and 120 mg / ml and on Streptococcus pyogenes the estonian extract of the leaf is 227 mg / ml. In vivo, the leaf extract for Staphylococcus aureus was 7.5 × 106 CFU / ml and the ethanolic extract of the stem for Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 8 × 107 CFU / ml, for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes leaves and roots was 7.5 × 103 and 6.3 × 107 CFU / ml respectively.

Polygonum aviculare L.extracts have antimicrobial effects on the studied bacteria.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is on the rise worldwide, is one of the chronic liver injuries from steatosis to liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of quinoa extract on non-alcoholic fatty liver produced by high fat diet in hamsters

In this experimental study, 50 hamsters were randomly divided into two groups: high-fat diet (40 heads) and control group (10 heads). After 1 month of high fat diet, hamsters were divided into 4 groups of 10. This group used a high-fat diet, the other 3 groups that received the extract diet were divided into doses of 400, 200, 100 mg / kg and were treated with the extract for 2 months. At the end of liver histology, the activity of liver enzymes and lipid profile in serum were examined.

Elevated serum triglycerides and cholesterol were seen in hamsters fed a high-fat diet (p<0.05). Treatment with the extract in different doses did not cause significant biochemical changes except in triglyceride and cholesterol in laboratory results(p<0.05). Histopathological results also confirmed the positive effects of quinoa extract treatment.

Eating a high-fat diet led to fatty liver disease, which treatment with quinoa seed extract improved the symptoms of this disease.

Myoinositol, which is one of the components of cell membranes with its strong antioxidant properties, has a high potential to neutralize the damage caused by freezing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Myoinositol antioxidant on sperm sperm parameters after cryopreservation process

Samples of 20 patients with asthenotratospermia referred to Qom University Jihad Infertility Treatment Center were evaluated in three groups: before cryopreservation (control), cryopreservation, cryopreservation + myoinositol. The Sperm parameters such as motility, morphology, and viability were assessed using WHO, Papanicolaou, and eosin-necrosin staining, respectively, to evaluate the integrity of the plasma membrane using the HOST technique, as well as to evaluate the degree of DNA fracture by the Halo sperm technique.

The results showed that incubation of myoinositol with freezing medium of sperm (cryopreservation + myoinositol) increases sperm motility and viability (P <0.05). Also, a significant increase in sperm motility was achieved after incubation of myoinositol with sperm sample (cryopreservation + myoinositol) (P <0.05). The results of the present study showed that incubation of myoinositol with freezing medium of sperm significantly reduces the amount of DNA damage (P <0.05). Plasma membrane integrity and sperm mitochondrial membrane potential also increased significantly in cryopreservation + myoinositol group (P <0.05). However, sperm morphology did not show a significant difference (P <0.05).

Our results show that my inositol can reduce the destructive effects of the freeze-thaw process.

Medicinal plants have a wide range of applications in various fields, especially in the control of microbial infections, but the discussion of their possible toxicity has caused great concern in the use of these substances in various fields of industry and medicine. This study was performed to clarify some of these ambiguities and to investigate the effect of intraperitoneal injection of flaxseed extract on biochemical, hematological, and hepatic factors in rats.

In this experimental study, 15 female spiral rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. The first group was the sham group, the second group was the control group, and the third to fifth groups as experimental groups with concentrations of 200, 400, and 600 mg/ml of flaxseed extract were treated, respectively. The mice were treated for 10 days, then on the eleventh day the mice were anesthetized with ether and blood samples were taken from their hearts. Then biochemical parameters, blood, and lactate dehydrogenase, and plasma levels of liver enzymes were evaluated.

The results of this study did not show much change in biochemical factors except cholesterol and triglycerides which showed a significant decrease in the extract-treated groups. Blood factors did not show significant changes but increased in high concentrations of liver enzymes.

Intraperitoneal injection of flaxseed extract has no effect on blood factors and many biochemical factors in mice, but high concentrations of the extract can affect liver enzymes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotics isolated from local chickens on the expression of luxS, ctxM genes in resistant Escherichia coli.

Biochemical tests of Escherichia coli samples were isolated and then the presence of luxS and ctxM genes was detected by PCR with specific primers. In order to extract the native strains of Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis, the intestinal contents of 9 local chickens were cultured, isolated and identified by biochemical and PCR methods.

Commercial strains of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans were isolated along with isolates of resistant Escherichia coli strains containing ctxm and luxs genes. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate gene expression. From 300 fecal samples taken, 40 isolates(7.5%) of Escherichia coli were obtained; Four Escherichia coli strains were isolated from patients carrying ctxM and luxS genes. Isolates of Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis were confirmed by molecular experiments. Decreased by 2.2 times, equal to the control group in Escherichia coli.

The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the presence of native and commercial probiotics in culture and reduced expression of ctxM and luxS genes.

The use of herbal supplements to prevent and stop obesity is cheaper than chemical and synthetic drugs and has fewer side effects. in this study, the effect of Ferulago angulatahydro alcoholic extract on the biochemical parameters of male rats on a high-fat diet was surveyed.

Thirty-two male Wistar rats,which were randomly tested,were experimentally studiedin four groups: One control groupreceiving a fatty diet without extract;threeexperimental groups receiving Ferulago angulata extract of with doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. Nursing was performed for 20 weeks. At the end of the experiment, biochemical factors were tested on serum levels, including: glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol (HDL and LDL), leptin, and liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP).

Doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of the extract reduced some biochemical and liver factors in rats compared to the control group under high-fat diet and the extract reduced cholesterol and leptin significantly. Different doses of choy extract significantly reduced the levels of leptin, glucose, triglycerides and liver enzymes (ALP / AST / ALT). LDL levels decreased. HDL levels also increased and cholesterol levels did not change

In this study, the reducing effects of biochemical factors were observed at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of extract, which may be evidenced by the positive effects of the extract of this plant on reducing harmful fats in the biochemical factors of the blood and the weight of the rats. Daily consumption of low dose of theextract of this plant can lead to fat metabolism and weight loss.

Varicocele is one of the most common causes of infertility in men. Various studies have been performed on the treatment of varicocele and hormonal changes in the testicles. One of the non-invasive treatments for varicocele is treatment with Tilia platyphyllos L. as a medicine used to treat stomach ulcers, spasms and sedatives. Chemical compounds such as terpenoids and flavonoids have been identified in the linden. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of linden extract on testicular pathology of healthy and varicocele rats.

In this study, 48 rats were randomly divided into 8 groups: healthy control, healthy groups receiving linden extract (50, 100 and 200 mg / kg intragastrically, daily) alone, infertile control (varicocele surgery), varicocele groups together with linden extract (50, 100 and 200 mg / kg intragastrically, daily). After 60 days, serum was obtained and hormonal assays and histopathological examinations were performed and the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.

The results showed that the level of testosterone decreased and levels of LH and FSH increased significantly in varicocele control animals compared with healthy controls. Also, administration of linden extract has prevented hormonal changes and has significantly improved the sex hormones level and histological index in varicocele rats.

The linden extract acts as a potent antioxidant against varicocele-induced damage in rats.

In the recent years, due to the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of various diseases, oxidative stress markers have become a useful tool in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Regarding the importance of dairy cattle transition period and little research on the state of oxidative stress during the transition period, the aim of this study was to investigate the status of oxidative stress during the transition period using Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (GSH) two weeks before and after parturition in Holstein dairy cows in Shahrekord dairy farms.

42 dairy were selected from one of the industrial dairy farms in Shahrekord. Blood samples were taken two times (two weeks before and after pregnancy) and was transferred to the laboratory for measurement of Malondialdehyde, glutathione and total antioxidant capacity. T-test was used to compare the mean of each of these parameters before and after pregnancy.

The mean serum Malondialdehyde level after parturition in comparison to before parturition increased, although it was not statistically significant (P>0/05). The mean glutathione and total antioxidant capacity of the blood after delivery in comparison with the prepartum were significantly decreased (P<0/05). Also, the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes decreased significantly after delivery compared to before delivery (P <0.05).

According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that dairy cows are exposed to oxidative stress during the transition period, although they do not show clinical symptoms. As a result, it is important to pay attention to the use of antioxidants during the transition period.
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In diabetes, inflammatory processes play a key role and affect all the complications of diabetes. Inflammation is associated with the caspase-1 process, which activates the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, leading to the death of inflammatory proteins, which is one of the occurrences of pyroptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of aerobic exercise on the expression of genes involved in aortic tissue apoptosis in healthy and diabetic mice.

For this purpose, forty male rats (8 weeks old) were divided into 4 groups (10 in each group) after familiarization with exercise protocol: 1) control-healthy, 2) control-diabetes, 3) exercise-diabetes, and 4) exercise. -Healthy. Diabetes model was first induced, then run for 5 days on treadmill for 6 weeks. After 12 to 14 hours of fasting and 72 hours after the last training session, aortic tissue sampling was performed for IL-1β, IL-18, NLRP3 and Caspase-1 analysis by Real Time PCR technique. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, if significant difference was seen by Tukey post hoc test to determine the difference between groups (P <0.05).

Induction of diabetes led to a significant increase in IL-1β, IL-18, NLRP3 and Caspase-1 genes expression in rat aorta, which resulted in a significant decrease in aerobic exercise. Also, aerobic exercise in healthy mice also decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-18, NLRP3 and Caspase-1 gene in aortic tissue.

Aerobic exercise may be used as an effective non-pharmacological method to improve diabetes-induced inflammation and prevent vascular disorders.

Muscle inflammation or myositis is a general description of chronic and progressive inflammation involving muscles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of increased training with marjoram supplementation on muscle inflammatory indices in healthy rats.

In this study, 27 rats of about two months (200-250 g) were randomly divided into three groups: control, endurance training and endurance training + marjoram. They got rat were kept in groups of 9 in conditions of free access to water and food. The treadmill endurance training program was performed for eight weeks, five days a week, without slope, and for the first to third week of each session for 40 minutes, and in the eighth week for 60 minutes. Marjoram supplement was given to the rat in the supplement group using a mixture of water. Findings were analyzed spss at the significance level (p = 0.05).

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the three groups in the amount of TNFα, IL-6, CK. The results of Tukey post hoc test showed that the rate of inflammatory markers after exercise without supplementation increased significantly, which was significantly lower in the endurance + marjoram group than the control group. Also, the results showed that there was a difference between the endurance and endurance training groups with marjoram and the control group.

Increased endurance training with marjoram consumption probably increases the total oxidative capacity.