فصلنامه عصر آدینه
پیاپی 32 (پاییز و زنستان 1399)

Belief in Mahdaviat has had many positive and negative ups and downs in Islamic societies throughout history. The growth of social deviations in various dimensions of the field of Mahdaviat in the past and present has been able to create different readings of Mahdaviat in societies. Deviation analysis should be analyzed from various social and sociological perspectives and theories in order to reduce its severity. In previous researches, appropriate research has not been done based on sociological theories. This article uses Merton's theory of social pressure to describe and analyze social deviations in the field of Mahdaviat. The findings show that the discrepancies between the values and goals encouraged in the waiting community and the tools and facilities to achieve those goals, create a kind of social pressure in the waiting community and pave the way for deviations in the field of belief in Has become Mahdaviat.

In the hadiths that have been attributed to Imam Ali (to him the highest regards shall be addressed) the verses that expound on the notion of Mahdaviat, have been interpreted and paraphrased. From the typological standpoint regarding interpretations, a larger number of these hadiths fall into the category of verbal and paraphrastic interpretations. Upon studying the relationship between the verses and the narratives regarding Mahdaviat in the light of the intertextuality approach, within different types of interpretation, paraphrastic interpretation can be considered as a form of metatextuality and verbal interpretation as a form of intertextuality which studies the co-presence of two texts within one work. Therefore, the interpretational hadiths of Imam Ali (to him highest regards shall be addressed) can be considered as the interpretive or paraphrastic texts of the verses of the Quran that are alluded to either in an explicit or in an implicit manner (according to the categorization of the intertextuality approach). In this study, first, the notion of Mahdaviat and the extent to which it has been expounded upon within the verses of the Quran by using the two verse-oriented and approach-oriented methods is determined, and in the next stage, the typological study of the interpretive and paraphrastic interpretations of the words of Imam Ali (to him the highest regards shall be addressed) shall take place. In the main stage of the study, the hadiths that have been attributed to Imam Ali (to him the highest regards shall be addressed) which expound on the notion of Mahdaviat, are studied within two general categories: 1) The hadiths that expound upon the verses of the Quran that detail on the notion of Mahdaviat (an explicit form of intertextuality), 2) The hadiths that expound on the surrounding contexts of Mahdaviat (an implicit form of intertextuality). Within both categories, first, the hadiths are collected, and then they are thoroughly studied in order to find the relationships between the verses and the narratives. The results of this study introduce a plentitude of the interpretive and paraphrastic interpretations of the verses of the Quran that expound on the notion of Mahdaviat, a multitude of the verses that expound on the surrounding contexts of Mahdaviat and studying the relationships between the verses and contexts surrounding the notion of Mahdaviat.

Throughout history, religious motifs have represented the religious and social atmosphere that governs society, and throughout time, motifs whose subject matter is based on sacred texts have been used by painters. One of the basic questions is what are the themes of using these motifs in Christian and Islamic art and what are their similarities and differences? Due to the thematic similarities between religions, one of the common themes in the Christian and Islamic traditions is the absence of Mahdi and the ascension of Jesus Christ, in other words, the disappearance of these two saints and their reappearance. Therefore, the depiction of those two saints in the visual arts, as well as the role of themes related to Mahdi and Jesus Christ, especially in the issue of concealment and absence, have been specifically analyzed in this article. This research shows that the Last Supper is one of the most important roles of Christian art that has been addressed by various artists throughout the history of Christian art and in different styles, but despite the attention of Muslims and Shiites to the issue of the absence and emergence of the Imam Mahdi, The role of Mahdi has been less noticed by Muslim painters. The popularity of Christians in the visual arts and the less attention of Muslims to this part of the arts and The religious restrictions, has caused to reduce the role of religious themes  in the paintings and drawings of Muslim painters, unlike the issue of the Ascension of Christ, is not considered by Christian artists. The method of this research is library and based on semiotics and an attempt has been made to identify how and why Christian and Muslim artists view the subject based on this method.

One of the most important approaches in literary research today is the patterning of one text from another. This type of research, which shows the interaction of texts with each other, is called "intertextual" relationship and helps to understand it more fully and deeply by discovering and analyzing the signs of the interface between texts. The present study deals with the intertextual connection between the Holy Quran and one of the received Duas of Imam al-Zaman (aj) called " Egyptian Alawite’s Dua " and tries to clarify the depth of the connection between the text of the Holy Quran and this dua so that the inseparable connection The "silent and eloquent Qur'an" should be clarified and the light of the word of revelation should be manifested in the prayer of the Imam. In this research, which has been done by analytical-descriptive and comparative methods, the three main methods of intertextual relations: partial, parallel and general negation are examined and simultaneously with the analysis of syntactic, thematic, lexical or verbal contradictions and Quranic characters in layers. Below, the hidden and visible connections of the Imam’s dua with the Holy Quran have been investigated. The findings of the research showed that Imam Zaman has shown this conscious two-way interaction in the highest form in the form of this prayer.

The end of the world and the utopia of appearance are important human concerns. A concern that in recent decades, from the field of theological and philosophical debates, has entered the styles and works of art. The production of movies and children's animations has led to the formation of a kind of apocalyptic work. Some of these works deal with the subject of the apocalypse - before the advent. Another part depicts the post-appearance world. Such works seek to portray the post-appearance world in accordance with their deviant views and to institutionalize it for adult or child audiences. This study examines the semiotics of the components and characteristics of the appearanc utopia in the popular animation of Zetopia.

The survival of any attribute or attributed is within the survival of the Attributes of God. According to the Qur’an, as the original existence is ascribed to the Face of Allah; as a result, everything ascribed to Allah has benefited from the existence. Like this, the light and aspect of his eternal nature is manifested in His divine words and verses. In this current paper written with an analytical descriptive method; the application of the theory of the spirit of meaning has been examined with a Qur’an-based oriented to the true manifestations of Allah. According to some interpretation of Ahadith [narrations], the true manifestations are called infallible and perfect human beings that embody the attributes of God in their ethics and manners. These words have been formulated for the hidden meanings because the author of the words Wajh [face], Ni‘mah [blessing], Baqiyya [remain], Ayah [verse] and Kalimah [word] has used them in their apparent meaning. By referring to God Almighty, these words have manifested their true meanings in the physical universe. This paper sheds light on this point that the most perfect manifestation of Face of God, Remainder of God [which is left you by Allah], Light of God and the like are manifested in the existence of the last essence of creatures in the system of the best of existence.