فصلنامه تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی
پیاپی 68 (بهار 1402)

Study of land use/cover changes is widely used in environmental planning. During the last decade, growing increase of aridity in Uromiyah Basin has become a major regional and even national problem. The purpose of this study is to reveal the changes in land use/cover in the southern and southeastern parts of the basin with using 2 images for month of July of 2000 to 2017. Landsat TM and OLI data and NDVI were used for classification this study. Land use/cover maps in the two studied years were provided using Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) algorithm applied on two series data including spectral bands (data series 1) also spectral bands and filter texture layer (data series 2) and six categories of land use/cover containing Irrigated Farmland, Dry Farmland, garden, rangeland, bare land and water bodies were distinguished.. The accuracy of the produced maps were assessed and compared with the training samples derived from Google Earth images and Kappa Index, overral accuracy, producer accuracy and user accuracy. The results demonstrated that the maps produced using the data series 1 have higher accuracy and the overall accuracy of the maps of 2000 and 2017 using the data series 2 are 98.93 and 98.29 and these values for data series 1 were gained 99.28 and 91.45, respectively. In additional, texture filtering decreased amount of mixing between classes of rangeland, Irrigated Farmland and garden. The results of change detection showed considerable increase in the area of Irrigated Farmland (13.44) and garden 1.85 (27.24) an also at the studied period, the area of the water bodies and rangeland were decreased to 1.58 and 22.94%.

The increasing population growth in urban areas has created adverse social, economic, environmental and physical impacts on cities. Therefore, cities must provide better places for life. One of these places is the creation of pedestrian streets. The purpose of this research is to find out the development of a pedestrian with a human-centered approach in the city of Golghah which has been selected in the direction of three streets of Imam, 17 Shahrivar and Taleghani. In this study, we evaluated the factors influencing the utility of urban walkways in a human-centered approach from the point of view of experts and people. So this chapter consists of three main sections. In the first part of the criteria, in the form of a questionnaire and 348 questionnaires, pedestrians and residents were evaluated on the status of the streets in view of these criteria and indicators to determine the best option for walking. In the following, the criteria and indicators extracted from the study of theoretical foundations and research literature were ranked by Delphi method and the hierarchical analysis model using expert selection software. Finally, considering the importance of each indicator and prioritizing people in the streets, according to descriptive studies, alternative strategies are to be prioritized for pedestrians. To do this, first, prioritize alternatives based on the following indicators Then, considering the coefficient of importance of each and the impact of each of these indicators and sub-indicators, prioritizing the streets for the implementation of the human-made walkways was presented that Imam Street with a score of 36% compared to the other highest priority in the city of Haloogha for the implementation of the pedestrian It has a way. As well as Shahrivar St. with 33.4 percent in the next priority for the implementation of the human-like pavement plan. September 17th, with a score of 7.30%, is the third priority for pedestrians.

This study aims at organizing the city of Poldokhtar in the city of Kashkan. Using this element of natural value, the city is being restored and organized, and its potential for tourism and development of tourism and economic prosperity is to be used. The paths of the rivers within the city can be used as a linear route, and can be used as a sustainable urban tourism axis. In the case of the spatial and spatial organization of the rivers for such a purpose, various, yet standardized patterns for shaping and managing the length of rivers can be used. Finally, the findings of library studies and the results of a field survey were distributed through a questionnaire and SPSS software using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the coefficient obtained in this study was equal to 8,377, which indicates the appropriate credit for Data collection. In the final stage, using the AMOS software and the structural equivalence method, the relationship between the main components of the research and the constituent variables has been analyzed and analyzed. The range of results showed that the most important strategy for creating urban river tourism in Poldokhtar is the attempt to create a social and secure environment with facilities and ease of access and special emphasis on environmental and ecological issues. For this reason, the main criteria for design based on local capabilities are defined. It should be noted that in the social, recreational, historical and environmental areas the same procedure is used, which means that all the spatial and spatial regulation strategies and parameters of the river in line with the native nature and the needs of the people living in the area and in A word of the users of the project has been used.

Valuable textures play an important role in the development of tourism in various aspects of economic, social, cultural, etc. due to the presence of nostalgic attractions and architectural and cultural relics. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors driving the variables related to recreational plans for the urban tourism development of Tajrish. The collection method is based on library, documentary and field information. . Based on the results of variables such as subsurface development and the establishment of shelter and shelter development in Shohada-Tajrish Hospital, the establishment of a pond of tranquility and development of the Maghsud Beyk river and other variables are independent variables, that is, neither effective nor ineffective. However, creating a cultural and entertainment pole in northern Tehran, promoting eco-tourism, organizing the Emamzadeh Saleh, reviving the trees of Valiasr Street have been considered as variables that have both influencing and influencing the development of tourism in the Tajrish district. However, variables such as neighborhood management, the establishment of a shopping center, the creation of a cultural and entertainment pole in northern Tehran, the expansion of eco tourism surrounding areas of the Tajrish area such as Darband and Derek ... and the development of the Iranian Cinema Museum and ... have been significantly influenced by the strategic area. And determining and strategic in developing the tourism of Tajrish neighborhoods and are considered as key variables.

Heat waves are important phenomena in Iran, And its upsurge in recent years seems to have a high upside trend.This climate has a negative impact on agriculture, forest fire and forestry, water resources, energy use and human health.The purpose of the research is to explain the frequency, time distribution, continuity of thermal waves, and the identification of its occurrence in the southern foothills of central Alborz.Therefore, using the statistical methods and maximum daily temperature data of Tehran (Mehrabad), Qazvin and Semnan stations for the statistical period of 30 years (1966-2016), the mentioned characteristics were extracted.In the first step, the nonparametric method of Kendal was used to understand the variability and awareness of the monthly trend of maximum temperatures in the study period.In order to determine the severity, duration and frequency of heat wave events, the percentiles (95.98) and normalized temperature deviation (NTD) were used.The results of the study showed that the frequency of short-wave heat waves was higher.Most frequencies are related to 2-day waves, respectively, and Tehran (Mehrabad), Semnan and Qazvin stations are more frequent.The highest frequency of annual events was detected at stations in Tehran (11 waves in 2010), in Semnan (9 waves in 2015) and Qazvin (7 waves in 2015), respectively.The highest frequency of monthly heat wave events was recorded in June and September.The highest continuation (15 days) was obtained in March 2008 with the percentile method at Mehrabad station.In the normalized deviation method, the temperature was calculated as a warm wave (12 days) in 2008.The highest annual frequency of heat loss occurred in all three stations in 2015.The evolution of the process indicated an increase in the incidence of thermal waves in the cold period of the year But in other chapters, no meaningful changes were made.As it says, the decline in cold winter temperatures is on the southern slopes of Alborz.The results of the two methods showed that in the normalized deviation of the temperature, the number of thermal waves more than the percentile method was recorded, but in the percentile method, the thermal wave was more prominent in the cold period of the year.

Global warming and temperature rise will have many effects on different sectors, including agriculture, the warming of the earth will increase the rate of evaporation, and consequently the increase in the demand for agricultural products will increase. In this study, in order to monitor the effect of global warming on Mughan Plain wheat, using the LARS-WG model as a relatively inexpensive and accurate instrument for producing climate multi-yearly climate change scenarios On a daily basis, In Ardabil province, Germi Station was selected as the representative of the three stations in the study area due to the data in the appropriate statistical period. In the present study, to monitor the effect of global warming on precipitation fluctuations, as well as in the production and cultivation of wheat crop in Moghan plain, the LARS-WG model and the HADCM3 climate model output under A1B scenario as well as climate data (minimum temperature, maximum temperature, precipitation and Daily Sunshine) The Germys station was used over a 14 year period (2004-2007).The results of the research show that by comparing the monthly mean of these parameters, this result was obtained that at confidence level 1 there is not a significant difference between the simulation data from the model and observational data in the base period and the mean The climatic parameters of the data obtained from the model and the actual data are similar and there is a high correlation between them. Finally, by comparing observational monthly meanings and modeling of climatic elements of precipitation, minimum and maximum temperatures and sunshine were shown using statistical parameters RMSE, MAE, NA and R2 The model (LARS-WG5) is used to accurately simulate daily data in the parameters of the Mughan Plain, Ardebil province. The results of this study showed that the average decrease in yield of irrigated wheat and the decrease of its production in the study area could be due to the decrease of precipitation and the increase of the regional temperature which is due to global warming.

Cities are a place of accumulation of material and spiritual capital of humanity, which is of great importance. This type of settlement, with more than 50 percent of the world's population in it, has become more important in recent years and has been considered for the maintenance of principled and sustainable management of all types of planning. One of these plans has been the resilience of cities. Resilience to the threats and potential hazards that affect it when it occurs.   The concept of resilience has been proposed and discussed in various dimensions and levels. In this research, emphasis is placed on the physical dimensions of urban Resilience. The purpose of this study is to assess the resilience of the 1st district(zone) of Tabriz city against earthquake, which is analyzed using the Fuzzy AHP model. The 8 criteria, include the distance From relief centers, the distance from the centers of harm, the building materials, the quality of the building, the time of the building, the distance from the network of roads, the distance from the green and open spaces and the distance from the fault, is the base of analysis. After preparing the layer for each criteria, Fuzzy layers are extracted using fuzzy functions. Using the SUM, AND, GUMMA operators, the final layers were generated, which was evaluated using the Band Collection Statistics tool, the gamma layer 0.9 was selected as the best output. based on the scenario of gamma 0.9 in the study area, about 26% of the area has very low and low resilience. In contrast, more than 22% of the range is moderate and 51% of the area have a high resilience.

Human dignity is a concept that can have a significant impact on urban public space. In this sense, it speaks of the value of human beings and their status as a thoughtful and spiritual being. Discovering this valuable feeling in an environment that is widely used by citizens is important to the research. The subjective and interactive nature of this phenomenon The purpose of this study was to analyze explicit inductive qualitative content analysis as a research method and to interpret contextual data obtained from in-depth unstructured interviews and field observations, and its perception among various actors and how human dignity was generated. Used. The data were analyzed through a systematic coding process with the aim of classifying concepts up to three levels of abstraction. The selection of participants in this study was purposeful and aimed at developing concepts to reach saturation. The findings of this study indicate that the concept of socialization is one of the most important factors in people's perception of human dignity. It is conceptualized with other concepts such as loss of personal distance, development of social communication, intimacy, social diversity and unity with the environment and society. Is formed. What is of interest is the relationship between these factors and the complexity of their relationships that have led to the formation of a sense of human dignity in individuals. Although the multifaceted concept of human dignity will be able to accommodate the broad concepts and meanings that are involved in this study The concept of socialization of urban public space has been carefully considered.

The study of the roles and functions of cities and their developments is an important question in modern geographic studies. The unbalanced spatial distribution of populations, irregular migration to metropolises and imbalances in the distribution of economic opportunities between regions have led to focus on the idea of ​​medium-sized cities as one of the most effective approaches to planning of the territory. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to study the performance of the city of Nasimshahr as an intermediary city in the spatial development structure of Tehran province. The research method is "descriptive-analytical" and the data collection method is based on both library and field methods. Quantitative methods and models have been used to study the role of the city. Economic models show that the city's share of industrial employment is above average in terms of industrial employment. The structural change index shows that the changes in Nasimshahr were greater than those in Tehran province. The results of the share change model show that the service sector has grown faster than the province. Considering the spatial structure, whatever the role of the city, the spatial imbalance in the urban network of the province is obvious. Demographic models show that Nasimshahr has great elasticity to attract the overwhelming population of the province. Therefore, given its strengths and possibilities, it can play a key role in regional leveling as a service and industrial center in the southwest of the province.

The rapid growth of metropolitan areas around the world, coupled with the increase in population in these cities, has created numerous problems such as traffic congestion and disruption to the inter-city transportation system. Therefore, this dilemma has been one of the major challenges facing urban planning in the late twentieth century which has influenced the achievement of sustainable urban development goals. Electronics in cyberspace are an integral part of life. Today, the use of public transport is one of the issues that are related to different aspects of quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of using public transport in reducing traffic and air pollution. In this study, library and field method were used for data collection. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts and urban planning experts. Sample size was estimated 25 people using snowball technique. In this study, AHP technique was used to achieve the research objectives. Data gathering tool was paired comparison questionnaire. The results of this study showed that the importance of indicators (criteria), in terms of their importance percentages are: Safety 0.499, Environmental Pollution 0.313, Cheapness 0.120 and Convenience 0.068 and finally the most preferred option between two motor modes, The public transport mode is identified at 0.778 compared to the 0.222 personal transport mode.

Solar energy is receiving lots of attention because it is one of the cleanest, cheapest and most available energies in the world.but solar radiation in different parts is changing, thus, identifying appropriate locations for implementation of solar energy is necessary. Accordingly the aim of this study was to analyze the potential of solar radiation and land surface temperature on the Loot desert using remote sensing and geo statistical technique. Results show that Earth's surface temperature fluctuates between 29 and 79 degrees Celsius in the Lut Plain. So that Earth's temperature increases to the east and north-east of the region. Also, the radiation energy reaching the surface in the Lut plain varies from 232.77 to 237.61w/m² in different parts of the Lut plain. So that the maximum amount of energy is related to the south of the plain, and the further we move to the north reduces the amount of energy.

Studying the morphology of the rivers and identifying the causes of these changes are widely useful in determining the evolution of rivers and planning the maintenance of the river system. The Karun River, between Bandar-e-Khoramshahr and the constant flow of water in the country, plays an important role in the country's water cycle. Due to the morphological changes of this river that have disrupted the normal functioning of the river, it is necessary to investigate the morphological changes and its causes. In this study, with the aim of investigating these changes with satellite imagery, Landsat images for 1990, 2005 and 2018 were prepared and morphological changes were extracted after required processing. The results show that out of the 36 investigated sections, the width of the river has decreased in 29 sections so that it has narrowed to 450 m around Ahwaz. In order to investigate the causes of changes, the effective parameters in changes such as precipitation, discharge, runoff coefficient, waterway length, permeability coefficient, landform, lithology, land use change, wasteland, slope percentage, drainage density and vegetation density, land Theology and floodplains, To assess the hazards of the area, were used. Floodplain parameter was extracted using ANP_Fuzzy model and landslide and land use parameters were extracted using SVM model. Among the factors affecting these changes that were investigated using logistic regression models and factor analysis were land use changes, vegetation density and sediment yield. These changes have resulted in the destruction of natural habitats along the river, the ability to self-purify water, sudden floods, threatening and damaging human structures, agriculture, and so on.

Today, sustainable placement is one of the main approaches of urban planners and regional planners. The purpose of this study was to design and fit a consolidated model of localization of densely populated areas with emphasis on environmental balance. The purpose of this research is practical and it is a survey-analysis type. At first, according to the theoretical foundations, the research background and interviewing the experts designed the integrated model (basic conceptual model). Then the model was fitted by referring to experts (86 simple). The initial model of the research was investigated and tested using SEM using Smart PLS 2 software. The results showed that the factor loadings of all questionnaire questions were more than 0.4 and were therefore acceptable. The t-values ​​for all questions are greater than 1.96 and are therefore significant at 95% confidence level. On the other hand, environmental equilibrium in locating subtropical regions is affected by 7 criteria and 22 sub criteria, among which environmental quality had the highest impact (path coefficient= 0.5227) and semantic structure (path coefficient = 0.0353) the least. Also, the mean of the common index index was 1.147 and the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.9184. The overall fit of the model (GOF) was calculated to be 0.55235. In the final study, it was found that all paths have significant coefficients and thus the conceptual model of research was confirmed.

Drought is a complex phenomenon caused by the breaking of water balance and it has always an impact on agricultural, ecological and socio-economic spheres. Although the drought indices deriving from remote sensing data have been used to monitor meteorological or agricultural drought, there are no indices that can suitably reflect the comprehensive information of drought from meteorological to agricultural aspects. In this study, the synthesized drought index (SDI) as a synthesized index from the vegetation condition index (VCI), temperature condition index (TCI) and precipitation condition index (PCI) were used for comprehensive drought monitoring in the Urmia Lake Basin (ULB) based on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). For this purpose, MOD13A3, MOD11A2 and TRMM 3B43 data series were downloaded y for the period of 2001–2012. After initial processing, drought indicators were calculated using LST NDVI and TRMM data, and monthly drought severity maps were prepared. In order to validate SDI index, the Correlation relationship between SDI and SPI indices was obtained in the 3 month period during the growing season. As well as, SDI correlation relationships were investigated with wheat and barley crop yields. The results indicate that drought occurred in 2008 and 2001 in the ULB. The results of validation show that there is a correlation of 80% between the two SDI and SPI indicators. Also, the results of this study showed that the SDI index, as a comprehensive index of drought monitoring, reflects the effects of drought on agriculture.

Good governance encompasses the very broad concept that is the product of the participation of the three institutions of government, civil society, and the private sector, all of which are essential for sustainable human development. On the other hand, integrated coastal zone management with a sustainable development approach seeks to preserve the environment while at the same time promoting economic development so that the natural environment and coastal residents can benefit from it. Therefore, the application of integrated coastal zone management with a good governance approach can result in the participation of three government agencies, civil society and the private sector in protecting the environment and economic development of coastal areas and simultaneously benefiting coastal residents and natural environments. Kish is considered as a case study of this study due to geographical features and ecological potentials and urban context of the study area, among other islands of the Persian Gulf. The purpose of this study was to develop good governance indicators and criteria, evaluate good governance in integrated management of Kish, and provide strategies to promote integrated management of coastal areas with good governance approach. To accomplish these goals, firstly, by explaining the subject literature and reviewing the research background, an integrated coastal zone management model with a good governance approach was presented. The main criteria in this model are participation, legislation, accountability, accountability, central justice, transparency, efficiency and effectiveness, and community-centricity, each of which includes sub-criteria. Then, by using questionnaire and interviewing residents and experts, as well as by applying hierarchical analysis method, good governance status in integrated management of Kish was assessed. The final score of Kish by calculations was 2.53 (out of 5), indicating a relatively inadequate situation of good governance in Kish integrated management. Finally, solutions were presented to promote good governance in the integrated management of

General circulation of Persian Gulf has a cyclonic pattern that affected by tide, wind stress and thermohaline force. Although tidal force is very effective in values of current speed, but thermohaline force is dominant in long time because tidal forcing has a short period and returning nature. Tide and density parameters are important in navigating and shipping, especially when ships approaching the shore and shallow water to determine the drainage of them. In this study using the Mike model based on the three-dimensional solution of the Navier Stokes equations, assumption of incompressibility, Boussinesq aproximation, and hydrostatic pressure, Persian Gulf circulation modelled. After model stability, the effects of tidal force on horizontal and vertical distribution of density were investigated. Results show that forcing of tide caused current direction be regular and without tidal force, wind stress dominates on isopycnal and turbulent pattern forms in sea surface layer especially in cool season. Also, with the elimination of the tide effect, the velocity of current is reduced to 75% and the water density is increased to 1-2 kg/m3. Density profile show that the Persian Gulf is a baroclinic environment and it is stronger in cool season relative to warm season. The impact of forces is not the same in different regions of the Persian Gulf, so that the effects on the change in density in the Strait of Hormuz are more perceptible and moving inward to the Gulf, the intensity of its effect is reduced.

Following developments in urban contexts of contemporary Iran, the creation of new urban contexts and cities has a direct impact on the ecosystem of its surrounding area. Urban neighborhoods on the path to achieving the goal of sustainable urban development require the integration of architecture and the principles of environmental sustainability. Using the Sustainable Architecture approach based on the principles of world standard is one of the most effective steps in this field. Progressive research, combined with the LEED World Standard Code of Conduct as a basis for evaluation, has revised the classification of the indicators of this Code based on biological and indigenous characteristics in the Qom city. To this end, urban texture and neighborhood assessment metrics are explained in the LEED and then with the aim of determining the importance category, baseline indices at the scale of the study area - renovated settlements (Pardisan City) - in a manner Qualitative analysis has been investigated. Finally, quantification in each section of context indices is done based on existing statistical documentary data for accreditation sub-indicators and, according to the final findings, a new classification of baseline assessment indexes for contemporary urban context designs. Based on the degree of effectiveness provided.

In recent years, population growth and consequently the shortage of drinking water resources have increased the importance of studying the areas of caries Regarding the importance of the subject, in the present study, the evaluation and monitoring of the developed karstic areas and the potential of contamination of Cartesian resources in the Ravensar basin have been addressed In this study, 7factors were used to evaluate the factors of Karst development in Ravansar basin as well as two methods of OWA and ANP. The method of work is that after the necessary processing, using the OWA method and applying weights obtained through the ANP model, the zoning is done After designing the zoning map, using the satellite imagery of 2007 and2015, the development of human development areas in the developed karstic areas has been evaluated The results of this study indicate that most of the studied basin, especially in northern and western areas of the basin, are highly and relatively developed in the class, The calculation of the area of man-made areas suggests that in2007, about 2.6 km of occupied areas of man-made industrial zones have been occupied which, according to the growing population, increased to 3.8 km in2015, human-made areas have been extracted in developed artisanal areas.

The purpose of this study is to determine the long-term variations in rainfall data as well as to identify wet and dry periods of 35 synoptic stations in Iran. In order to know the variation of rainfall in studied stations, average maps, coefficient of variation and skewness were drawn. Then, using the Mann-Kendall test, the significance of the trend on each station was tested at 95% confidence level. Finally, wet and dry periods were identified by using 20% high and low extreme rainfall during the 50-year study period. The results show that the general model of the country's regime is that the rainfall levels from the north to the south-east and from the west to the east of the country are reduced. The lowest values of the coefficient of variation and skewness are related to the northern regions especially the Caspian seaside and the highest amounts are in the southern regions, especially in the south and south-east. In general, the results of the Mann-Kendall test show that rainfall data in the seasonal scale, with the exception of several synoptic stations, do not show a significant trend. Most wet periods occur in the spring and the lowest in summer and the highest dry periods occur in the autumn and the lowest in spring. The number of droughts in the cold periods is significant. Also, the frequency of occurrence of dry periods is more than wet periods.

In the meantime it can cause serious and irreparable damage to other social, economic and structural sectors of society. A look at the history of human life on Earth shows that human beings have always been exposed to all kinds of natural hazards. Natural hazards have many types, one of which is drought and water crisis. The recent droughts in Iran and the severity of the damage indicate the continued vulnerability of urban and rural areas. At present, drought management in our country is based on crisis management and thus less attention is paid to drought impacts and preparedness. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the resilience of Zahedan city against water crisis and drought. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of research, descriptive and analytical. The statistical population of the study is all households in Zahedan city based on the census of 1395 168480 households (672589 people). From the household heads, a sample size of 383 people was selected randomly using Cochran formula. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the findings. The results of one-sample t-test show that the economic, social and institutional resiliency status in Zahedan city is lower than the average (2.815, 2.873 and 2.886, respectively); The results showed that Zahedan city is not in a good position in terms of resilience to drought and water crisis and this city has many water problems in rural areas and Zahedan city. Rural water shortages and droughts have caused extensive damage to farmers and ranchers. The effects of the water crisis on the economic, social and environmental structure of the villages have been very negative and these negative effects have ultimately led to the migration of villagers to Zahedan.

The emergence of a variety of inequalities, widespread poverty, malnutrition and ... were examples of the effects of urbanization. For this reason, many scholars and experts have focused on the quality of life, in order to improve living conditions and improve the quality of life of human beings. Many studies show that satisfaction with different dimensions and characteristics of the neighborhood affects residents' quality of life. Considering that satisfaction with life, i.e., the full satisfaction of all parts of life, if this kind of satisfaction does not develop among residents, more serious problems such as intra-urban migration, severe class contradictions and the problem of uplifting and down-town faces Accepts. Therefore, identifying the effective factors on residential satisfaction in each neighborhood, which is in accordance with the needs of the residents of that neighborhood, is one of the main goals of urban planners in order to increase residential satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of location and quality of environment on improving citizens' satisfaction from neighborhoods. The research method was descriptive-analytic, data collection method, library and survey, sample size was estimated 315 by Cochran formula. In order to test the hypotheses presented in this study, structural equation modeling was used in Lisrel software environment. The results of this study indicate that spatial sense of belonging and quality of environment have a significant effect on residents' satisfaction with the neighborhood.

The innate sense of interaction with the region is a sign of environmental sensitivity, which is very vital in the 21st century. Today, it is inevitable that regionalism should be included in a larger discourse of architecture, and that the debate over the role of the use of regional green architecture as a factor in cultural identity and sense of place should be promoted. The present study argues that regionalist architecture has entered a new phase of its evolutionary process, which is sustainable regionalism. In this view, regions must be defined in terms of their unique resources and specific constraints. Instead of being influenced by globalization, regions must follow a complex interdependence in a global and regional interaction system that is physical, social, cultural, and most importantly ecological. Therefore, using the method of qualitative content analysis based on the logic of inductive reasoning, from the textual data and architectural experiences mentioned in the research, move and by extracting the hidden concepts in it, gradually reach more abstract levels of sustainable regionalism. We will find. In addition, using the latest works of architecture selected by international institutions and awards and competitions, we are developing examples of sustainable regionalism. Achieving a model or theoretical framework that demonstrates latent disciplines and repetitive patterns in regionalist architecture and sustainable architecture can be the culmination of research.

Today, the number of elderly people is increasing due to various factors such as changing life expectancy and population distribution. On the other hand, this period of life requires special needs such as care and health to other external and environmental factors. The social phenomenon of the city is not separate from this population group, ie the elderly, and urban planners using environmental theories can take steps to improve the use of the elderly in the city and its public spaces. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to explain the components of the elderly-friendly city with an environmental psychology approach in the eight cities of Shiraz. After identifying the characteristics to obtain the required information using a questionnaire tool that Cochran's method was used to determine the sample and GIS data were generated using Moran analysis of the desired layers and then using hierarchical analysis and Hot spot analysis of overlapping criteria was performed using fuzzy functions and urban spaces needed by the elderly were identified. Then, by confirming the hypotheses in this field that attention to social components along with components of spatial structure can be appropriate to improve the urban environment, suggestions in this area from attention to access and public transportation to creating an environment Elderly entertainment was provided.

In the new age and in the third millennium, natural crises have become an inseparable reality of human life and have become one of the most important issues facing most of the world's metropolises. By observing the principles and laws of urban planning and applying them in accordance with the principles of crisis management, urban crises can be reduced to some extent. Crisis management is a process of planning and performance that by systematically observing and analyzing crises seeks to find a tool to reduce the effects of the crisis. Due to the importance of the subject of the present study, it seeks to investigate the factors affecting the spatial-physical vulnerability of the city with a descriptive-analytical method with a crisis management approach in the city of Robat Karim. The statistical population of the research group of 20 people was selected by snowball method. Data analysis method was performed with anp model. The results showed that among the 4 factors affecting the vulnerability of the operating city (standard), natural (with a normalized score of 0.054), in the first priority, physical criteria (with a normalized score of 0.27) in the second priority and social criteria - Economic (with a normalized score of 0.08) were recognized in the third priority and finally the relief and management criteria (with a normalized score of 0.09) in the fourth priority, and these criteria play a role in the vulnerability of the city of Robat Karim, respectively. According to the obtained results, any planning in order to manage the crisis of Robat Karim city should be based on the natural factors of this city.