International Journal of Medical Reviews
Volume:9 Issue: 1, Winter 2022

Motivation Based Caring concept (MBC) extends to various areas, from simple  and routine to the most complex nursing procedures in the clinical and community care settings. Motivation is often used as a concept in nursing to explain the pattern  and  relationships  found  in  nursing  phenomena.  This  study  analyzed  the  concept  of  MBC  using  Rodger’s  concept analysis model in nursing practice.  Literature  search  was  conducted  without  limiting  the  years  of  publication.  Articles  relevant  to “Motivation  Based Caring” and “Nursing” were identified. The articles that did not meet the selection criteria were excluded. Database searched included EBSCO, PubMed, Cochrane database, and CINAHL. Data collected were collated and analyzed in accordance with the steps of Rodger’s evolutionary concept analysis method. The total articles sampled N = 22 were analyzed with the focus on MBC and nursing practice. Findings show that understanding the related factors, attributes, antecedents and consequences of MBC made it possible to infer that the application of the concept involve a cognitive skill, logical reasoning, critical thinking and problem solving ability to achieve effective nursing care. The main implication and hypotheses generated from this study is that the MBC  concept is a tool to improve and achieve wholeness patient care and implementation of the skillful nursing practice.

 Some studies have shown that probiotics reduce the incidence of Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and sepsis; while other studies have not shown a significant difference of NEC and sepsis incidence. There are still no protocols or guidelines for the use of routine probiotics in Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) preterm infants. A meta-analysis was assessed by reviewing up to date Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) to investigate the effectiveness of probiotics to prevent NEC. Data Sources: The Pubmed, Proquest, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from 2009 to 2019.Study selection: This meta-analysis was assessed according to PRISMA guidelines.Data extraction:  The inclusion criteria included RCTs of probiotics for  very low birth weight preterm babies; full text English articles; and those manuscripts published within the year of 2009 to 2019.  The present research included nine studies. The incidence of NEC in the probiotic group were significantly lower (P = <0.00001, R = 0.48). In the subgroup analysis, the incidence of NEC was lower in the multiple strain group and  lactobacillusgroup with P = 0.0004 and 0.006 respectively. The incidence of sepsis was lower in the probiotic group with  P = 0.02; and the incidence of all-cause mortality was lower in the probiotic group with P = 0.02.  According to findings it can be stated that it is beneficial to use multiple strain probiotics and  lactobacillus  strain probiotics to prevent NEC in VLBW preterm babies.

 Sugar  is  considered  as  a  double  edged  sword,  associated  with  many  metabolic  effects.  Studies depicting  the relationship between sugars and their harmful effects on health in the context of the Indian  population are fewer. The aim of  this study was to systematically review data on sugars and their metabolic disturbances, and to produce evidence in the context of the Indian population.

The research question was developed based on PICo strategy.  The search was limited to PubMed and EBSCO data bases over the period from 2005-2018, using advanced (Boolean) searching for attaining relevant articles. Articles with only substantial  evidence  were  included,  showing  a  relationship  between  sugars  and  their metabolic perturbations  which  were evaluated with their respective checklists.

 Pertaining to the inclusion criteria, 32 articles were retrieved, three were systematic reviews, 16 cross -sectional studies and 13 experimental trails. Regained articles were related to sugars and dental caries, sugars and obesity and serum lipids levels and  also  sugars  and  Type-2  Diabetes  (T2D)  mellitus.  The  cross-sectional  studies,  randomized, non-randomized  trials  and systematic reviews fulfilled 72.7%, 45.68%, 60.90% and 71% of corresponding checklist items respectively.

 This  review  suggests  that  carbohydrates  are  the  main  constituting  diet  and  consumption  assumes metabolic disturbances like hyperglycaemia, risk of T2D, insulin resistance syndrome, dyslipidaemia, increased triglyceride levels and as a leading risk factor for occurrence of caries.

Technology is anything that makes our life convenient or easier, thus any technology that uses bioresources e.g., microorganisms, enzymes, and other bioresources to make human life easier is defined as Biotechnology. The human genome project results are the baseline for various applications of modern medical biotechnology e.g., drug discovery and DNA delivery, medical diagnostic techniques, vaccine development, pre-clinical trials in an animal model, and clinical trials in humans. Medical biotechnology is the use of living cells and cell materials to research and produce pharmaceutical and diagnostic products that hel p treat and prevent human diseases. This study highlights a brief review of various applications of medical biotechnology including gene therapy, monoclonal antibodies (Hybridoma technology), vaccine technology, recombinant DNA technology, Human Genome Project (HGP), in silico drug designing, RNA -mediated interference (RNAi), Nano-biotechnology, stem cell therapy, and metamaterial application.

Frozen  Shoulder  (FS)  has  been  a  common  disease  that  causes  notable  morbidity. Conservative treatments starting from oral medication, physical therapy, exercise,  steroid  injection,  and  hydrodilatation can be  chosen before surgical procedure. Recently, there are many arguments regarding the Manipulation Under Anesthesia (MUA) procedure whether it is good or bad compared to physical therapy. This study was carried out by reviewing and searching journals with the keywor ds “bursitis”, “frozen  shoulder”, “physical  therapy”, “manipulation  under  anesthesia”, and “conservative” on the search engines. From 47 journals that were  reviewed,  45 were found composed as references  for this review.  There is no exact consensus from few pieces of literature to define which FS patients will benefit the most following the MUA procedure. Physical therapy or home exercise is still the first-line treatment for FS. Most of the cases showed that this first line of treatment is capable of resolv ing FS. Physical therapy has its place in every phase of the FS, starting from the freezing until the thawing phase. It seems that physical therapy is still the most important treatment to be applied as most of the studies reported satisfaction alongside the combination of other conservative treatments.

An Electrical Storm (ES) is a  Ventricular Arrhythmia (VA) consisting of the occurrence of three or more Ventricular Tachycardias (VT) per day, separated by five-minute intervals, or the presence of unceasing VT, even with the optimization of antiarrhythmic  drug therapy. Data revealed that 84 out of 1274 patients with an Implantable Cardioverter -Defibrillator (ICD) developed ES during follow-up.The incidence of ES in patients with ICD can reach 20% during the first 134 days after implantation. The pathophysiological mechanism is not well understood as ES can be caused by several clinical conditions and through several different  mechanisms, including VT and Ventricular Fibrillation (VF), global acute ischemia, and myocardial dysfunction. Patients with ES have a threefold greater risk of Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD). The  treatment is multimodal and consists primarily of emergency sedation, ventilation, neuraxial modulation, drug therapy (beta-blockers, amiodarone, sotalol, class I anti-arrhythmic drugs), and Catheter Ablation (CA). CA is a rescue procedure performed when there is little or no response to drug therapy. This approach is performed by first mapping the local and then choosing between approaches (endocardial or epicardial) and the different CA methods, which mainly include radiofrequency ablation, irrigated radiofrequency ablation, pulsed radiofrequency ablation, alcohol ablation, and cryoablation.

Bone is the hardest tissue of the human body providing support to the skeleton. However, sometimes the bone undergoes some injuries and fractures. Although bone can renew and rebuilt itself, however, bone renewal is one of the challenging fields of today’s world. Various kinds/ varieties of materials such as polymers (both artificial and natur al), ceramics, and metals, etc. are used  for  bone  renewal  purposes. Some of them are natural while others are synthetic. Any material used for bone healing purposes must be biocompatible with its degradation rate almost equal to the rate of new bone format ion. Among various metals used for bone rejuvenation and healing purposes, magnesium metal (Mg) is one of the most extensively used metals for the reason of its non-toxic nature and easy elimination/ exclusion from the body. Some other advantages of Mg met al include its biocompatibility and biodegradability. In addition, there is no need for extra surgery for its removal from the  body. Surface modification procedures aids in enlightening the quality of Mg metal and its alloys for use in bone revival. This paper represents a mini review on the usage of Mg as a biodegradable metal for bone rejuvenation and healing.