نشریه طب کار
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 45، زمستان 1400)

For nearly two years, the world has been facing a common crisis as Covid-19. In the meantime, governments have suffered a wide variety of damages and costs, and damage to human capital and the loss of health professionals is one of the irreparable costs of health systems in all governments. During this crisis, health care systems and specialists were exposed to special occupational hazards over specific periods of time, and the exposure of the medical staff to these hazards in hospitals led to a number of opportunistic incidents. Investigation of opportunistic incidents can help identify the sources of occupational hazards of medical staff and lead to proper management of risks associated with these accidents. This article aims to draw researchers' attention to opportunistic incidents during the Covid 19 pandemic as a global crisis in hospitals.

Indoor air quality can lead to health problems such as Sick Building Syndrome among nurses who spend many hours in intensive care units.The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between Sick Building Syndrome in nurses and indoor air quality of intensive care units in educational hospitals in Rasht.

This cross-sectional analytical study was performed on 144 nurses in intensive care units who were randomly selected by quota random sampling. Some of the physical and chemical factors affecting indoor air quality including volatile organic compounds (Ethyl benzene, Xylene, Toluene), carbon monoxide, dust, temperature, humidity, brightness, noise,and airflow velocity were measured by calibrated equipment and symptoms of building syndrome were assessed by the MM040EA questionnaire.

The chemical factors were lower; temperature, humidity and noise were higher and brightness was lower than the recommended minimum. However, no statistically significant relationship was observed between indoor air quality and Sick Building Syndrome.

Although the measured physical and chemical factors in intensive care units were often at the occupational limits. The studied nurses reported poor physical conditions in their workplaces. Identifying and controlling occupational hazards in intensive care units can improve nursing performance by increasing job satisfaction.

The spread of corona disease and the implementation of preventive policies have had a profound psychological and physical impact on individuals in society; Therefore, the aim of this study was to predict corona anxiety based on job satisfaction and work engagement.

The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study included all teachers of bokan University of Applied Sciences in 2020-2021, which were evaluated as a sample using a total sampling method of 93 people. The questionnaires were distributed online through social networks (WhatsApp and Telegram). To measure the studied variables, questionnaires of Corona Minnesota job satisfaction (MSQ) and work engagement of Salanova & Schaufeli were used. Research data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation test and stepwise regression analysis with SPSS software version 23 and the significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

The results showed that 57 teachers (61.29%) were males and 36 (38.70%) were females. The mean and standard deviation of age for male teachers was 37.91 ± 4.54years and the mean and standard deviation of age for female teachers was 34.19 ± 3.82 years. There was a significant positive correlation between job satisfaction and work engagement and also a significant negative correlation between job satisfaction and work engagement with coronary anxiety. 12.5% of the variance of corona anxiety was explained by job satisfaction and a total of 19.6% of the variance of coronar anxiety was explained by job satisfaction and work engagement.

According to the results of the study, it can be stated that in order to increase job satisfaction and work engagement in people's work environments, measures should be taken to reduce anxiety and negative variables and teachers should do their work with more satisfaction and engagement.

Occupational accidents impose a lot of direct and indirect costs on the national economy of the country. Because, as a fact, resources are  limited  for  reducing  the  risks  and  costs  can  affect  the  optimal  investment  in  safety issues, the aim of this study was to calculate the economic costs of occupational accidents in one of the South Pars Gas Refinery, Assalouyeh, Boushehr Province.

The present research was a descriptive-analytic study, and the costs from 92 occupational accidents occurred in the South Pars Gas Refinery during the period of 2017 and 2018 is estimated. Estimation of these costs contributes to decision-making for cost control. The systematic accident cost analysis (SACA) method, which calculates their costs and information in the forms of each incident and calculates the total cost based on the type of incident after the analysis of the cost of the incident. Excel, SPSS version 17 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), Kolmogorov-Smironov and Chi-squared tests were used for data manipulations and statistical analysis.

The Most working days were lost in the Gas Refinery (12613 days). The evaluations of accident cost showed that 2/3 of the costs of occupational accidents are visible in the corporate accounting information systems reviewed while 1/3 is hidden from management view. As can be seen the costs due to the absence of the injured employee are the largest cost category with an average of 71%. The highest cost of occupational accidents for a company with 1500 employees was estimated to approximately 27,440,000,000 Rials.

The costs of accidents on employers and ultimately the country's economy are noticeable.  It is really important to recognize the accidents’ causes, control the rate of them and provide sufficient and appropriate occupational health and safety services.

Musculoskeletal injuries are one of the most common causes of work-related illnes, reimbursement and absence among workers in working environments throughout the world. Among various factors, exposure to vibration is one of the main causes of these injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of key factors on the occurrence and exacerbation of the effects of exposure of hand - arm to vibration.

In this study, the amount of vibration as well as the amount of grasp force for 57 workers working with pneumatic torque wrench in an automobile industry was measured.

The main findings of the study showed that the mean grasp force of the workers after exposure to vibration decreased from 43.22 to 40.90 kg. The results of this study can provide valuable information on designing tools, controlling the incidence and outbreak of vibrational disorders.

Based on the results obtained in this study, an average of 5.67% reduction was observed in grasp force. Moreover, due to the strong correlation between the mean grasp force difference of workers before and after exposure to vibration and a 4-hour acceleration in the X axis, it can be concluded that the critical axis of the hand-arm vibration is in the X-axis in the pneumatic torque wrench.

The concept of hospital resilience means "the ability of a hospital to withstand, absorb and respond to catastrophic shocks ."Humans have been plagued by a variety of disasters throughout their lives, including emerging diseases, and have suffered irreparable loss. Hospitals play a key role in crisis management and control of epidemics, and therefore the hospitals readiness to continue medical services in crises is of particular importance. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of obtaining effective indicators on hospital resilience in epidemic conditions.

A qualitative study was conducted to identify the indicators. The main method of data collection was semi-structured interviews with experts and also review of extensive texts. Finally, using qualitative content analysis method and with the help of MAXQDA software, the main dimensions, indicators and below Indicators were extracted.

According to the results, the main dimensions included: 3 dimensions (management and leadership, readiness and adaptability capacity ) and the main indicators include 11 indicators (manpower management, support services management, disease management, cohesion and structuring, redundancy, knowledge management, Organizational culture, service delivery, infection prevention and control, environmental health, recovery). The number of sub-main indicators is also 43.

In order to improve resilience, hospitals can focus on the identified indicators and monitor and improve them. Correction and improvement of effective indicators will lead to the promotion of resilience and effective management and control of pandemic crises in hospitals.

Hospital personnel are susceptible to sleep disorders due to their occupational nature, which has a negative impact on their behavioral and cognitive function and can decrease their ability to work. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between daytime sleepiness and its affecting factors and work ability index.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 384 personnel of different departments of Al-Zahra hospital in Isfahan who were selected by quota sampling based on the ratio of number of staff of each job title to the total number of hospital personnel. For participants a checklist of demographic and occupational variables and two questionnaires: ESS (Epworth sleepiness scale) and WAI (Work Ability Index) were completed. Scores 13 and more for ESS questionnaire were considered as daytime sleepiness, and scores 28 and less for the WAI questionnaire were considered as poor performance.

48% of participants were male and 52% were female. The mean age of the participants was 35.79±7.65 years and their mean working experience was 10.48±7.24 years. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between daytime sleepiness and demographic and occupational variables other than gender and educational level. Regarding the work ability index a significant relationship was seen with the above variables except gender, educational level and job title. A strong reverse and significant relationship was observed between daily drowsiness and the work ability index.

The relationship between WAI and ESS in hospital personnel indicates that the ability to work can be increased by improving sleep status and controlling the factors that lead to daytime sleepiness.

Nursing is one of the high risk jobs in the world and its occupational hazards have a direct impact on the health of nurses. Work-based musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent among health care workers, particularly nursing staff.  The purpose of this study was to systematically review studies on the relationship between occupational stress based on demand-control-support model and nurses' musculoskeletal disorders.

In this study, major international electronic databases including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect and Persian databases including SID, Irandoc, Magiran and Medlib were studied. The keywords used were: social support, job stress, job control, job demand, and musculoskeletal disorder. The main criterion for inclusion was the survey of the top three variables in the nursing community. After evaluating the inclusion criteria and the quality of the articles, 6 studies were identified and included in the study.

According to the results of 6 studies, in 4 studies variables of job strain and in 5 studies psychological demands of job were related to the musculoskeletal disorders. The relationship between job control and supervisor support has also been confirmed in one study.

Surveys clearly show that the greater the individual's perception of control over their work and the lower the level of psychological demands in their job, the health of the individual increases.