نشریه پژوهش های ادبی
پیاپی 73 (پاییز 1400)

This project tried in analytical- descriptive method to recognize and deal with elements of confessional literature in the novel "Dr. Noon loves his wife more than Mossadegh" by Shahram Rahimian. The results show that this modernist novel with focusing on 5 fundamental elements of confessional literature i.e. inner return, change, inner pain, emphasis on sexual issues and thinking about death repeats life of a generation who have been looking inner and gradual death of the reformer elite and as a result death of the own self (Malektaj) and ruin of social ideals and hopes because of political retreat and humiliation feeling due to defeat confessing ethical obliquity, isolation and individual and social indifferences . Therefore, they have no choice at the end of their own life except to confess to this backward movement and to accept their own negative and destructive role.

Rereading Persian novels from the perspective of genre classification is a necessity that is lacking in literary research. The main issue in this research is to study this novel as a Picaresque novel and to show Picaresque features in it. The necessity of conducting this research is that in this article, we investigate why this novel can be considered as a picaresque novel and Haji Baba as a Picaro character, and in addition, the historical, social and cultural context of the period of writing this work and the relationship between this type of novel and the situational context of the time of text production is also studied. According to the obtained results, this novel is a Picaresque novel due to its satirical and critical language, simplicity of writing, first person perspective, realism and having an episodic plot and Haji Baba is also due to possessing traits such as lying, cunning, shrewdness, belonging to the lower classes of society, being constantly traveling, being dependent and on a ration of many masters, and not being morally committed means a picaro hero. Also, the unsettled political, social and cultural situation in the period of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar, caused chaos, insecurity and disorder in the society in Iran at that time and emerge of picaro people, which eventually led to the appearing of this narrative genre which critical-satirical approach to the situation and having picaro people is one of its important features and has favorably depicted the conditions of that era.

In this paper, the novel "Paeiz Fasle Akhare Sal Ast" by Nasim Marashi is analyzed by using Lucien Goldmann's developmental structuralist approach. One of the approaches of criticizing the literary works is the developmental structuralist approach in which the dialectical relations of the literary work's structure and the social structure that the work has been developed within it are analyzed; Therefore, the approach, structure and content of the literary work, writer's mentality and the worldview of a class that the writer represents and its relation to the structure of the society in which the work has been developed are analyzed. The main question of this study is whether there is a structural equivalence and dialectical relationship between the structure of the Marashi's novel and the objective structure of society during its development? This article has been based on the explanation of these mutual relations and the findings of the study have shown that according to the theory of Goldmann, Marashi has succeeded in creating a work in which there is a stability equivalence, and this structural equivalence along with the dialectical relations of the related discursive components have turned his novel into an original work .

This research intends to express the realist aspects in the best fictional works of three climatic generations of this region. The wave of climatography in the north, like in other parts of Iran, began in the 1940s; Beh-Azin and Bozorg Alavi were the first generation writers, Mahmoud Tayari was the second generation writers and Bijan Najdi was the third generation writers of these northern climate writers. Political events such as the Jungle Movement and the Mirzakoochak Khan Uprising, the special nature, the efforts of fishermen, the foggy and rainy weather of the north as the background of events are especially reflected in the works of northern writers. On the other hand, the structure of the story, in accordance with the realist criteria, serves to express the critical-corrective attitudes of the authors. The reference to internal and external conflicts, popular movements against the landlord system, etc., was in fact a demonstration of the real life of the people and a sign of protest and criticism. Thus, among the types of realists, the writers of the North have used the styles of social and critical realism more than anything else; of course, everyone has chosen a writing style according to the circumstances and their type of thinking; for example, Bijan Najdi has used the fluid flow of the mind.

A deep understanding of literary texts strongly depends on understanding the factors that contributed to their creation. One of these factors is how an author is inspired by the intellectual poetics of other literary figures. The present study seeks to use a functional linguistic framework to investigate the influence of Shahriar’s language and mind on Hooshang Ebtehaj’s ghazals and closely analyze the latter’s tendency towards Shahriar’s poetic style. These influences can be divided into three types: imitative (based on repetition), combined (based on repetition and intra-process change), and interpretative (based on repetition and extra-process change). Our findings suggest that Ebtehaj tends towards change and creativity instead of mere imitation. The factors contributing to Ebtehaj’s inspiration from Shahriar’s poetics include his love of Shahriar and his works, the popularity of Shahriar’s works, and the role of audience as well as the historical context.