پژوهشنامه تمدن ایرانی
سال سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 5، پاییز و زمستان 1399)

The origins of death should be investigated by the origin of death at the same time. In ancient Persian mythology and culture death ,believing in other world, paradise and hell have been mentioned as a phenomenon. The Study of human history shows a mixture of life and death, and consequently there are different views about life and death. In some cases ,death and life have been considered as an integrated part of each other like day and night and some others believed that the conflict between these two phenomena is a fundamental contradiction between humans and other creatures. However, life and death being together or in opposition, are inseparable companions. The inseparability of life and death is one of the fundamental principles of the world. Life ended in death and it can be meaningful by death. Comprehending life can only be achieved in the shadow of death. Since the reality of life ended in death rationally and punctually. Thus we can say that we die because we live and exist, so the reality of life is distinguished through the death. The present study relies on the book of the Shahnameh to the attitudes and beliefs of our ancestors about death and its rituals and comparison the Iranian people's rituals of the Earth in the face of death, before Islam and after Islam.

The divide between religion and government and the political instability of the constitutional era Political instability has been an enduring feature of Iranian political life in the contemporary era. One of the unstable periods in Iranian political history is the constitutional period. The constitutional revolution succeeded with the support of many people, but the events showed that not only security and law were not consolidated, but also a long period of chaos and political instability. Experts have cited various social divisions, such as the divide of religion and the state, generational divisions and ethnic divisions as important causes of instability during this period. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of religion and state in the political instability of the constitutional period. Does the question arise as to how the divide between religion and government has affected the political instability of the constitutional age? It is further hypothesized that the divide between religion and the state, reinforcing each other through generational divisions and ethnic divisions, will create political instability at this time. The paper intends to study the role of this gap in the constitutional period instability by using explanatory-analytical method and using historical data while referring to generational and ethnic divisions.

The land of Iran, with its vast and vast civilization, is full of symbols that reflect Iranian beliefs. One of the symbols of ancient Iranian past and its mythological history is the symbol of the sun, which has its roots in religious beliefs. The symbol was re-used after Islam and represents one of the most important epochs of the Ilkhanid era, which was very important during that time. In this descriptive-analytic study, the symbol of the sun was studied in the Ilkhanid period sources and using historical sources it was concluded that in the Ilkhanid period, the symbol of the sun first grew with religious motivation and then with the national motivation. It was further added that in this period the national and religious aspect of the aforementioned allegory was emphasized, and with this constant motive and association with the religion of different ages, it easily entered the next period and became a symbol of new beliefs.

Sohrevardi was the founder of unity in the realm of light. He called unity ‘the unity of truth’ and light ‘the unified truth’. His enlightenment wisdom is the foundation of Islamic-enlightenment art, and since wisdom and art are expressed in code language, both can be considered to have a single source. Based on Sohrevardi's view on the code and sign of light, principles can be found regarding the presence of unity in the body of Islamic architecture. The light in the wisdom of enlightenment, with the transcendence of the sublime works of architecture, is a sign that can be the manifestation of the secrets hidden in the layers of the realities of existence. Explaining his cryptic attitude towards the unifying effects of light and examining the dimensions of cryptography in Islamic architecture, this research analyzes examples of the position of this attitude in the architecture of Imam Mosque in Isfahan. The analysis of the architectural space of this mosque shows that light is the source of all the beauties, and perceptual capabilities and the Muslim architect has been able to present the unity between the luminous (spiritual) and material worlds by receiving qualitative aspects and a little of his transcendent position. In this research, in order to analyze the physical unity of the spaces of Imam Mosque of Isfahan and with a semiotic approach to Sohrevardi's philosophical system, data collection will be done by documentary-library method and their analysis and judging will be done through a descriptive-analytical method.

Nationalism in the framework of new definitions and influenced by the West is one of the important discourses of contemporary Iranian political and social thought, which was considered by familiar Western thinkers during the 19th century and mainly from the Nasserite era onwards and became quite apparent in the Pahlavi era. Nationalism has various elements and forms in the period under discussion, including archeology, which is associated with a strong attachment to the heritage of the pre-Islamic Iran. Accordingly, the analysis of the relationship between archaism and nationalism and in the more general perspective of nationalism based on archaism and its differences with other forms of nationalism and its consequences is the main issue discussed in this article. Thus, the present study has tried to clarify the dimensions of the subject by analyzing the content of resources related to the library method, by answering the basic research questions in the field of the connection between archeology and nationalism. On the one hand, the research findings show that in addition to the elites of the familiar West, the Persians of India also played an important role in shaping the idea of ​​Archaism and combining it with nationalism. On the other hand, archaism has basically distinguished between the two discourses of nationalism focused on the present and the existing realities and relatively emotional and past nationalism in this period.

Following the conquest of Iran by Muslims and the conversion of the majority of Iranians to Islam, in the first two centuries AH, The Iranian culture underwent changes. Despite this significant part of the pre-Islamic Iranian customs and traditions, it maintained its life alongside new religious values. Political and religious developments in Iran caused some of these traditions to be forgotten or discarded. However, two centuries after the conquest of Iran and following the establishment of local governments, efforts were made to restore and expand ancient traditions. Al-Buwayh, meanwhile, was one of the leading figures in the field, and the rulers of this local Iranian dynasty took fundamental steps to preserve and revive national customs and rituals. This study seeks to answer the question of what was the purpose of Al-Buwayh in reviving the culture of ancient Iran? The results of the study show that by paying attention to some of the cultural and political elements of ancient Iran, the rulers of Al-Buwayh sought to gain legitimacy and be better accepted by the people. In this study, an attempt was made to extract historical information and data from first-hand sources and using a historical approach in a descriptive-analytical way to pay attention to some of the efforts of Al-Buwayh rulers in paying attention to the culture of ancient Iran.