مجله مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاه های انسانی
پیاپی 58 (بهار 1401)

Increasing trend of urbanization particularly in developing countries has led to urban sprawl. Urban sprawl in Tehran has led to several challenges in achieving sustainable development. A spatial analysis on urban sprawl in traffic area zones (TAZ) of Tehran has been investigated for the past two decades (2001-2020) using the Weighted Urban Proliferation (WUP) method. Then, the minimum access distance between each pair of TAZ-hospital has been calculated using Network Analysis and the relation between sprawl determinants and accessibility has been investigated. Finally, the Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients have been calculated. Results show that the sprawl level has decreased significantly in Tehran over the past two decades. Consequently, because of the direct relationship between dispersion and access distance, the maximum distance to the nearest hospitals has been reduced about 3 kilometers. However, the calculated Gini coefficients show a 10% growth over the study period; in a way that, in 2001, 90% of hospital opportunities were distributed among 29% of population, while in 2020 the same share of opportunities are distributed among only 7% of population. Results indicate that urban sprawl reduction can only increase accessibility standards and promoting equity of accessibility requires proper attention and management of socio-economic variables along with urban sprawl.

There are different approaches to security. One of them is the social approach. The role of women is very important in this approach. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to find out what the role of women is in creating sustainable social security in the 24,000 Village- Bagh Maroof-. One of the most problematic villages in East Azerbaijan is The Bagh Maroof village and therefore the study of its security is of great importance. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical and women over 20 years are the statistical population. The sampling method is random and the sample size is selected by Cochran formula 353 persons. In this study, the data collection tool was a questionnaire. Structural model and Chi-square test are two methods of data analysis. From the results, in addition to reinforcing the theoretical foundations of the research, we can find the effective variables of creating a sense of security through women in the village with a chi-square statistic of 72.96 and the creation of a secure social environment by women in the Bagh Maroof rural community of 44.91 whit a significant level of Zero noted that it had the most and strongest direct relationship with other components of village security.

Liveability one of the new approaches to reducing environmental, economic and social problems of cities is based on their capacities and needs. Since worn-out textures face economic, physical, environmental and other problems, paying attention to the biodiversity approach and its standards is effective in reducing these problems and improving the quality of life and efficiency of urban management. The purpose of this study was to analyze the bioaccumulation indices in the worn-out texture of Shahindez city. This paper is a descriptive-analytical and applied purpose study. The questionnaire was distributed among 25 people by simple random sampling and five factors affecting the viability of Shahdinjeh city (social, economic, environmental, physical and managerial) were investigated. Data analysis was performed using FAHP method. The findings show that in the social sector, the rate of participation (0.229); in the economic sector, the rate of income and household expenditure (0.211), in the management sector, providing financial facilities for tissue residents (0.185); Buildings are more important in texture (0.138) and in the environmental section of the quantity and distribution index of green space at the surface of worn textures (0.230), indicating the importance of each of them in the viability of worn textures. At the end, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to the viability of Shahindezh were studied.

Urban development and irregular migration of rural population to urban areas are significant phenomena that have damaged agricultural lands, natural landscapes, and public open spaces. This issue doubles the need for informed guidance and spatial organization to better understand the processes of urban development for future planning. The present study aimed to evaluate the growth of Hamedan city from 1996 to 2019 and then simulate until 2041. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the cellular automation model was used to simulate physical development, and logistic regression was applied to analyze the impact of different variables on physical growth and the Markov chain was used to analyze user changes. The validity of Landsat satellite images is also evaluated with respect to the kappa value and acceptable overall accuracy. The results indicate that city center and agricultural land variables with ROC of 0.873 and 0.881, respectively, had the most impact on Hamadan urban growth during the last 23 years. The area of urban areas in 1996 was doubled compared to the year 2011, and almost 2.5 times more than in 2019. On the other hand, population growth increased 1.48 times over the past 23 years. This indicates that the growth rate of urban areas exceeded the population growth rate in Hamadan. The results of the model evaluation indicate that the integrated model is able to provide a precise understanding of urban processes and developments such as evaluating past developments and predicting directions and rates of future physical development.

Reconstruction of Texture Verification as a result of government investment measures with local groups occurs as an endogenous development approach. One of the most important measures of renovation is to Gentrification with numerous groups and actors in the public, private and even cooperative sectors. Therefore, explaining the role and function of actors in the Gentrification the Urbanized Texture Verification has a significant impact on the organization of renovation projects.This paper is a descriptive-analytical study to analyze the role of influential actors in the development of Gentrification the Urbanized Texture Verification using a vector model in Zanjan. Data collection was done by library and field method. The statistical population was selected by snowball sampling method. To analyze the data, Structural Interaction Analysis approach and multi-player multi-player model with MIC MAC and Mactor software were used.The results showed that 30 main factors in different dimensions have direct effect on the Gentrification the Urbanized Texture Verification in Zanjan. Key Proponents of Gentrification the Urbanized Texture Verification include "Housing Area; Housing Strength; Commitment; Road Use; Housing Proportional; Residential Properties; Buildings; Vitality; Cost and Income Appropriateness. According to the multi-disciplinary model, the main factor in the Gentrification of Zanjan city is the triangle of relations between the municipality-private sector and the Department of Civil Development and Rehabilitation and the main focus is on the private sector. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance renovation of Texture Verification, enhance housing strength, establish a coordination council, and monitor cooperative contracts.

The goal of this essay is to analyze the spatial quality with emphasis on institutional life in villages of Lahijan city. So this essay first paid the management of rural and VA (village assistant) and then with VA issued a set of 14 items from duties as elements of the interface between government and people evaluated and their role in determining the quality of life in villages. This research is based on analytic-descriptive and applied study is based on objective. The study population included 182 Villages in Lahijan. The number of samples using the Morgan formula, 385 families has been randomly selected for sampling. Analysis of data obtained from questionnaires by SPSS software and using Spearman test has been conducted. The results indicate relatively good quality of life from an institutional dimension in rural area in Lahijan city.The VA could entice the relative satisfaction by doing the civil works like asphalt, naming the passages and supplying the environment cleaning and so on in the villages in which there isn't any management. And the satisfaction of its activity to an organization that almost 15 years ago is striking.

Although urban growth is a common phenomenon, patterns and stimulus factors are relatively unknown and the set of comprehensive factors that can explain the urban growth process is not due to the uniqueness of the characteristics of cities. the aim of this study is to identify key factors of urban development in sari with the future approach, which the research method is descriptive - analytical and is applicable in terms of practical purpose. in order to collect data from documents and library studies, library and field surveys have been used. The second stage was scored using the interaction technique (structural analysis method) and analyzed in the software MICMAC environment. Finally, the driving and key factors of urban development were selected according to the impact score and direct impact. the results of this study indicate that the urban development system is a stable system and the factors participating in urban management and development, and the policies used for subsidy and price control, which, although decision - making in this regard, are subject to the government, are the main influencing factors in the city of Sari. it is also the factor for organizing special tourism axes using environmental quality and vision corridors and aspect of the main factor in the risk situation in sari city and the main secondary leverage component is "traffic growth" that can be used as development driver.

Addiction in rural communities is growing. However, most studies have been done addiction in urban areas, Research is needed on the factors affecting the drug to be done in rural areas. The present study investigated factors affecting the spread of addiction in rural areas. Research method is applied and the nature of the research is descriptive - analytic. The data collection tool for library field (questionnaire), for descriptive and inferential analysis (factor analysis) is. The study consisted of rural families is High Gharaposhtloo, Due to the large number of villages and 12 villages of the district to a detailed study by cluster sampling based on population, the number of samples per class population was found. The findings show that the most important factor of economic development in rural areas of study drug. Special value of this factor is 7.756, which alone is able to calculate and explain 13.96% of the variance. The variable load factor was 16. Of the 16 variables studied in this variable lower drug prices with coefficient of 0.785, unemployment loadings 0.710 and variable low, easy access to drugs with coefficient of 0.716, the economic factor, individual and infrastructure as the most important factors the spread of addiction were identified.

Cities have always been regarded as a tourism destination for having natural, cultural, and human _made attractions. Tourism, like any other activity, does have many consequences on the ecological environment of cities. The city of Rasht attracts many tourists every year due to its central location and for having natural, cultural, and man-made attractions. The aim of current study is to investigate the environmental status of tourism on the ecological environment of Rasht. This research also intends to respond this question if this space capable of meeting the current needs of urban tourism? The research is based on the descriptive-analytical method and using ecological foot print model. The statistical population of the study consisted of the number of tourists in Rahst city. Therefore, 384 questionnaires were distributed among the tourists according to the Cochran model through two regular and random sampling methods. Eventually, the ecological footprint of tourism was calculated to be 908224 hectares. Considering the area of 13600 hectares of Rasht, the incoming pressure on the city’s environment can be observed clearly. Thus, planning to the persevere ecosystem of the city along with the attention to the tourism is a vital issue.

Implementation of the Rural Land Documentation Plan is one of the government's goals in achieving development and removing the deprivation of rural areas within the framework of the development plan. In this regard, implementation of the document issuance plan by affecting on quality of the environment and making the rural settlements sustainable, has provided a villagers stability and sense of belonging to place in rural communities. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the document issuance plan on the livability of rural settlements. The statistical population of the study was 140 rural households, which was obtained by Cochran method (with error 0.1). The number of households benefiting from this plan implementation were the basis for the selection of the case study villages. The findings of this study indicate that implementation of the document issuance plan has contributed to the promotion of all aspects of economic, social, environmental and physical livability. The highest mean of this change was related to the physical-infrastructure component with 3.459 average mean. The effect of project implementation had a significant and direct relationship with the time interval of project implementation. The results also indicate that the physical-infrastructural component of livability had the greatest impact on the variable of project implementation history. Kruskalwalis test was conducted to investigate the advantages or disadvantages of the effects of document issuance on the viability of the settlements in the study that based on the result, Baghshan village had first position among other studied villages.

The present article investigates the extent of North Khorasan province's rural areas and the distribution of rural services, analysis of the correlation between variables in the analysis of planning failure of North Khorasan Province planning system. This paper has an applied purpose and has been done by descriptive-analytical method. In this paper, Vikor method, standard deviation ellipse method for service ranking, for cluster analysis and facility concentration, Moran method and multivariate correlation method were used to analyze the relationship between variables. Case studies of North Khorasan Province villages that are aggregated at the rural scale and the indices used to classify the villages are: employment, agriculture, housing quality, ownership, literacy, population, education, network, health facilities, Tourism, Technology and Communications, Facilities and Equipment, each with different subfields. The results showed that the districts located near the center of the province are among the most favored ones and the districts located far from the center of the province are classified as unaffected. Also, multivariate correlation analysis shows that there is an inverse relationship between proximity to the center of the province, so that the greater the distance from the center of the province, the less is the occupancy of the villages. On the relationship between population and enjoying level, it indicates direct and positive correlation. The more the village population grows, the more the rural population enjoying occurs.

In today's developed world, cities act as competitors and strive to capture more capital market share, outstanding talent, and global attention. Urban branding is a tool for gaining a competitive advantage, increasing domestic investment, and tourism. In urban branding, it is always tried to create a distinctive and unique image in the minds of the audience by creating and combining the emotional and functional characteristics of that city. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effective components in urban branding for the city of Parehsar in Guilan province. Methodologically the research design is an exploratory mix in two stages; In the first stage, was used the Foundation's data qualitative research method, and in the second stage, the descriptive-survey quantitative method and structural equations were used. Initially, semi-structured and exploratory interviews were conducted with 15 academic and executive elites who were purposefully selected based on the theoretical saturation index and were fully acquainted with the citiy. Analysis of qualitative data by foundation data method and analysis of data obtained from the questionnaire by confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis. The statistical population of the quantitative stage of this research included people or individuals who visited two cities and the number of statistical samples was 384 people for each city separately, with using Cochran's formula. Structural equation modeling using SmartPLS and SPSS21 software was used to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses.

Customers at leisure and sports centers are always on the lookout for quality and satisfying services, so keeping customer satisfaction and staying present is the most vital goal of any organization. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting customer satisfaction in recreational and sports centersin Tehran.The research method was descriptive-analytical which was implemented by field method and was applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population consisted of those who referred to recreational and sports centers in 22 districts of Tehran, using Morgan table for unknown population, 384 persons were selected as the sample of the study through available sampling method. Research measurement instrument was including a self-made questionnaire which its face validity and content validity with exact considering of study literature and asking experts and authorities on the topic (10 persons), questionnaire reliability was measured by the Cranach’s alpha (α =0/80). Pearson's correlation coefficient, exploratory factor analysis, and second-order confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the causes of welfare services, access, personnel, physical design, physical space and maintenance factor are involved in customer satisfaction in recreational and sports centers. Therefore, it can be said that in order to maintain and develop the satisfaction of clients in recreational and sports centers and to highlight the role of these centers in enhancing physical activity and health and vitality of the community, authorities should plan and act to improve the identified factors

Nowadays; Strategic planning is one of main subjects about tourism development. Sarein city has high tourism potentials, but it doesn’t reach to tourism industry development. So, the main goal of current study is presenting Strategic planning about Sarein city tourism future. Current study is applied according to aim and it is analytical- descriptive according to nature and method. Study statistical society were obtained through requirement data questionnaire and they were analyzed by using Meta-SWOT Model. Study results showed that, treatment water, proper climate according to value, non- mimic case and organizational proportion against Sarein tourism development parameters are main and important factors that, they need to special attendance. Currency fluctuation and lack of government attendance to tourism industry with inflation, costs rising and international prohibitions have the most highest proportion with Sarein tourism development aims and we need to more pay attention them. Sarein city main potentials include natural and event factors and it has better tourism position against another competitors; but it needs to high development and it is necessary to control some limitations; local, national and international threats and we must implement plans to remove negative effects and consequences.

The increasing population and the construction of high-rise buildings have multiplied the environmental pollution in cities. On the other hand, people are more likely to use open urban environments to meet their biological needs. In this regard, various factors such as forms, heights and green facade of buildings and the presence of continuous stream of wind can play a significant role in the distribution of pollutant particles. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the forms and heights of high-rise residential buildings on the distribution of pollutant particles, by recognizing district one of Tehran's urban air flow. To this, a library research method was used to collect information, analytical-descriptive as well as computer simulation with Envi-met software and ANSYS to select the appropriate model. According to the modeling done for the nine different types of building with different forms and heights, it was concluded that changing these factors in residential building on the air flow Natural and wind speeds affect thus affect the distribution of particulate matter. In this study, the results of modeling show the residual amount of particulate matter around 9 tall building models, of which the square shape with 20-degree height in the specified position is more suitable than other options.

Migration is a continuous process that has been the subject of political debate worldwide. Migration is considered as the movement of people from one geographic region to another, which may be on temporary or permanent basis. The statistic population of this research consisted of 165 migrant households head villages with more than 20 households of central district of Boyar-Ahmad County were determined using random sampling and Morgan table and a structured and researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data and its validity was confirmed by expert professors after some modifications. To determine its reliability, Cronbach's alpha was used, which was estimated between 0.715 and 0.819, indicating the optimization of the questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed and the findings suggest that social factors are the first priority of immigrants and among the social factors, easier access to offices and government institutions and less attention of officials to the problems of rural are more important than others. The results showed that social factors were the first priority of immigrants and among the social factors, easier access to offices and government institutions and less attention of officials to the problems of rural were more important than others And the economic factor was at the next level. Among the economic factors, lack of jobs in the village and low income in the village were of higher importance and the infrastructure factors was in the last rank of Factors Affecting the Immigration of the Village-City of the Central District of Boyar-Ahmad County.

This study has been compiled with the aim of evaluating and measuring climatic conditions and factors in tourism processes with emphasis on tourist satisfaction, along with climate data and tourism climate indicators, to evaluate the results of these indicators, due to natural and human differences between destinations. Tourism and special characteristics of tourists, changes in the process of assessing the climate for tourists, apply and provide new results. For this purpose, Bandar Chabahar city in Iran was selected as a case study for this evaluation. Chabahar port is considered by domestic and international tourists due to its important political, economic and tourism situation and special climatic conditions. To achieve this goal, the Comfort Climate or Tourism Climate Indicators TCI, PMV and CIT were selected for combined evaluation over a period of 30 years (1985-2014). The results showed that according to the CIT index, all months and periods of time in a day and night in the port of Chabahar, is desirable or acceptable for tourists, which was a little far from reality. In assessing the climatic conditions, this study By applying minor changes in the CIT index and combining the results of the PMV index with the level of tourists' satisfaction with different thermal sensation conditions, different results were achieved, which showed the greater impact of field data on expert opinions. Due to the different attitudes of tourists towards the residents of destinations and their desire to gain specific tourism experiences, the desirability of the climate for tourists may

the present study aims to explain the structural model of the impact of urban identity on the sustainability of old and new neighborhoods of Isfahan's 3rd and 7th districts. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and survey type. It is also considered as a practical research in addition to its purpose. Field method has been used to collect data on the stability and identity of neighborhoods in the old and new contexts of district 3 and 7. The statistical population of the study is consist of all specialists, thinkers, experts, academics and officials of the old and new contexts of the third and seventh districts of Isfahan. The sample size is 100 people, which was sampled by simple random sampling. In order to model the relationships between the variables, the structural equation model has been used by the partial least squares (PLS) method and using Smart PLS software. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between spatial components of identity (human, natural) and old and new neighborhoods stability of district 3 and 7 with a path coefficient of 0.963 and test statistics 290.311 also with an error level of less than 0.05. Based on this, it was investigated that human components with a correlation coefficient of 0.967 have the greatest impact on the sustainability of neighborhoodsof district 3 and 7 of Isfahan.

Among the various dimensions and contexts of developments, rural development is a significant part of studies and development plans due to the main role of villages in the biological and demographic balance of communities and many researchers have demonstrated that rural areas are one of the best areas for effective use of communication technology. For this reason, the present study aims to discover and study the effective indices of the national media in Rudsar villagers based on the residents’ perspective in this area and to strengthen this relationship by providing appropriate solutions. Research method is descriptive analytical. After documentary studies, using the brainstorming technique and finally localization, 4components were identified and a number of variables were considered for each of them. Then, required data were collected through using questionnaire and rural households (38 numbers) and the indexing process was completed. Considering the villagers’ approach, it was found that the selected variables had a positive effect on the national media. After the personalization process and with the help of one sample t_test, the relationship between 27 indicators was found and the national media was measured and it was determined that there is a two-way relationship between the national media and the indices. Finally, it can be claimed that respected managers can use the effective indices of the national media to immigrate the shortcomings of this media and increase its advantages.

An investigation about Entrepreneurship in the Rural regions considering Resistant Economy Approach emphasizing the Role of Sazandagi-Baseej in Central Parts of Gilan is aim of the article. The method of the investigation is Descriptive analytic and the method of the Information Collection is the Field Documentary. Entrepreneurs of the Statistical Society of the investigation is under the protection of the Baseej of the Rurals of Rasht,Anzali and Rudbar.The Sampling Community of the Mountainous Partition according to the Morgan Table in the plain of Rurals which contains 200 entrepreneurs and in the mountainous Rurals 70 ones.The investigation about entrepreneurship considering the activities in the plain regions differs from the mountainous region. existence of markets in Rasht and Anzali makes the products of clothing and tailoring more prevalent by Rurals. Matting handicrafts industry is the other activity which is prevalent in the villages of the plain partition in which raw materials is a kind of the plants which belongs to the region.The Rurals are interested in the activities and it is because of its profitableness. Generally speaking, 69% Entrepreneurs of plain regions of Rasht and Anzali and 72% of them from the mountainous region are under the protection of Baseej. Considering the kinds of the activities in the mountainous region 90% them belong the agriculture and%10belongs to services ones and most prevalent activities of the plain regions are as following: %30 of the activities belong to the agriculture, 22/5% of them belong to services and %47/5 of them belong to the industry.