مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان
پیاپی 121 (بهار 1401)

Anemia is one of the most important disorders in the world mostly affecting children and pregnant women.
Objective This study aims to assess the prevalence of maternal anemia and its related factors among pregnant women in Golestan Province of Iran.

This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 1000 pregnant women referred to a comprehensive health center affiliated to Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran in 2020. Chi-square (x2) and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to find demographic/obstetric factors related to maternal anemia.

The prevalence of anemia was 18.4%; 19.27% ​​had severe anemia, 63.03% had moderate anemia and 17.7% were with mild anemia. The interpregnancy interval, parity, age of first pregnancy, age of marriage, pregnancy month, history of urinary tract infection, number of medical care, and education had a significant relationship with maternal anemia (P<0.05), but the place of residence and the place to get medical care had no significant relationship with the maternal anemia.

With increase in the pregnancy month, history of urinary tract infection, low age of marriage, low number of received medical care, and low educational level, the risk of maternal anemia increases. It is important to identify women at risk of anemia and ensure adequate and timely care for them.

The healthcare providers are always seeking improvements in the health care delivery system in order to achieve better results.

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Family Physician Program (FPP) in providing primary care in Talesh, Iran.

This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 50 physicians working in Talesh city as family physician in 2020, and 384 patients referred to the comprehensive health service centers of Talesh city. The census method was used for selecting physicians, and a simple random method was used for selecting patients. The data collection tool was a researcher-made two-part questionnaire with acceptable validity and reliability. The collected data were analyzed using one-sample t test in IBM SPSS Statistics software.

According to t-test results, access to services (P<0.001) and coordination of care (P= 0.028) in the FPP were significantly at a lower level according to physicians, while the continuity of care (P<0.001) and comprehensiveness of care (P=0.003) were significantly at a higher level. Furthermore, access to finance and location (P<0.001) was significantly at a lower level according to patients, while access to educational services (P<0.001), quality of services (P<0.001), and continuity of health and medical care (P<0.001) in the FPP were significantly at a higher level.

Policy makers and managers should increase the quality of services in the FPP for patients by maintaining and developing access to primary care and educational services to increase their satisfaction.

 Social skills play an important role in children’s emotional health and well-being. Therefore, Social Skills Training (SST) of children is very important.
Objective This study was to determine the effect of SST by teacher on mental health of female primary school students.

 This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design conducted on 24 female primary school students (third grade) in Rasht, Iran in 2017-2018. Their parents and teachers completed questionnaires before and after SST intervention. The sessions were held during the school year. For SST of students, intervention was provided to their teacher who was in daily contact with them. Methods of cognitive behavioral skills and positive reinforcement were used for SST. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (MESSY) were used to assess mental health and social skills, respectively. Data were analyzed using statistical tests including Wilcoxon test and paired t-test in SPSS V.21 software.

 The mean total score of MESSY decreased significantly from 225.54±13.65 to 219.12± 18.59 after the intervention (P=0.033). Among the subscales of SDQ, the mean of hyperactivity-attention deficit decreased only from 3.95±2.49 to 2.62±1.55 after the intervention, which was significant (P=0.020).

 The SST of female primary school students by the teacher do not lead to significant changes in their social skills and mental health.

 Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel are often the first to provide healthcare services to the patient in different situations outside the hospital. Due to the sensitivity of this work, knowledge of ambulance equipment can affect the performance of Emergency Medical Services personnel. 
Objective This study aims to assess the knowledge of pre-hospital EMS personnel in Rasht, Iran about ambulance equipment.

 This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 84 EMS personnel who were selected from 17 medical centers in Rasht, Iran using a convenience sampling method. The data collection tool was a two-part questionnaire. The first part surveys demographic characteristics (age, gender, work experience, type of employment, education, field of study, history of retraining courses) and the second part assesses the knowledge of ambulance equipment according to the Pre-hospital Emergency Medicine/Equipment User Manual of Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (fourth edition). The data were analyzed in SPSS v. 22 software and the significance level was set at 0.05. 

Most of participants had a bachelor’s degree, were under permanent employment, and had a degree in nursing and emergency medicine. Their mean work experience was 9.84±6.41 years, and most of them had a history of participating in retraining courses. Their knowledge of ambulance equipment was at a good level. Kruskal-Wallis test showed that their knowledge level had a significant relationship with their type of employment (P<0.001).

 It is necessary to increase the knowledge level of pre-hospital EMS personnel about ambulance equipment by holding short-term training courses and using simulation methods.

In women of childbearing age, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder. The cause of PCOS is still unknown and several factors may be involved.

 This study aims to evaluate the effect of synbiotics on serum parameters such as Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), triglyceride, cholesterol, glucose, and insulin in rats with PCOS.

 In this study, 40 adult female Wistar rats weighing approximately 180-200 g were randomly divided into five groups of control, PCOS, PCOS+LPS, PCOS+Synbiotic, PCOS+LPS+Synbiotic. To induce PCOS, rats were treated with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 21 days. At the end, serum levels of LH, FSH, and insulin were measured by the ELISA method, and blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were measured by the enzymatic method. The results were analyzed in SPSS v. 22 software using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s Post Hoc test.

 The levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin, glucose, FSH, and LH in the PCOS and PCOS+LPS groups were significantly higher compared to the control group (P<0.05). Treatment with synbiotics in the intervention groups caused a significant reduction in all variables (P<0.05).

 Synbiotics have beneficial effects on the improvement of lipid profile, gonadotropins, insulin, and glucose levels in PCOS rats induced by LPS.

 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure for the return of spontaneous circulation in patients with cardiac arrest. Many factors can affect the success of CPR.

 This study aims to investigate the success rate of CPR  and its related factors in patients referred to Dr. Heshmat Hospital in Rasht, Iran.

 In this retrospective cohort study, participants were 1008 patients who had underwent CPR in Dr. Heshmat Hospital in Rasht, Iran. Data were collected from April 2016 to March 2019 using the Utstein style standard form, which assesses related factors and the times related to CPR. The association between CPR outcome and demographic/clinical factors was examined using independent samples t-test, chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression analysis.

 The CPR success rate was 34.8%. The CPR success rate was higher in patients with no asystole rhythm, short CPR duration, and in-hospital cardiac arrest. Compared to patients in CCU ward, those received CPR in other wards (except ICU) were more likely to have successful CPR. Furthermore, in patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest, the odds of successful CPR decreased with the increase of age.

 Since patients with asystole rhythm had the lowest success rate of CPR and this rhythm occurs due to delay in initiation of treatment at the end of cardiac arrest, early treatment of patients with cardiac arrest caused by ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation can increase the chances of a successful CPR.

One of the main problems in patients with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the recurrence of this disease after eradication. 

This study aims to evaluate the recurrence rate of H. pylori infection 3-5 years after successful eradication in Iran.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, participants with a history of H. pylori infection who had been treated in the past 3-5 years were examined for the recurrence of this infection. After obtaining their consent, demographic and clinical information was recorded through interviews and based on medical records. To confirm the recurrence rate, the carbon-14 urea breath test was performed.

Out of 169 participants, 41.4% were male, 86.9% were living in urban areas, 91.1% were non-smokers, and 3.6% had a history of alcohol consumption. The results of the urea breath test showed that only one patients (0.6%) had experienced recurrence after complete treatment.

 The recurrence rate of H. pylori infection in Iran is much lower than in the developed countries.