نشریه پژوهش های علوم و فنون دریایی
سال یازدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1395)

Identifying acceptable drinking water sources depend on the methods which always incorporate the correct and logical choices. One of these methods is combination of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS), which is one of the appropriate assessment tools for groundwater management. The main objective of this study is to evaluate groundwater quality for drinking purposes in Qazvin plain. In order to build the groundwater quality map of this area, water quality parameters of 17 wells including total dissolved solids, hardness, sodium, chloride and sulfate during 2013 was measured. At the first step, the zoning map parameters were drawn by Interpolation method, Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), then classifications of maps were prepared based on Schoeller method. Afterwards the weights of the parameters were determined with the help of AHP. In the final stage, groundwater quality map of the study area was created by multiplying their combined weights to related zones. The results showed that about 83 percent of the area water quality is good and acceptable and about 17 percent is inappropriate. It could be concluded that most of the water in the study area in the Qazvin plain has good quality while central and eastern parts have more drinkable water sources.

In this study the effect of oral administration of green skin of walnuts on the growth and color of Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) has been studied in 60 Koi fishof average weight of 1.50±0.06g and average length of 53.00±1.48mm in 3 treatments and 1 control and each with 3 replicates.Twelve aquariumsof 33×40×50 dimension were used. The control group had no food additives (basic food was fed). First treatment with food containing 0.1 percent, second treatment with food containing 0.2 per cent, third treatment with food containing 0.3 percent green skin of walnut was fed for 8 weeks (56day) breeding period. Every 20 days once, biometry including gravimetric and length measurement was done. Also, at the end of the period from each treatment, 3 fish were selected at to random.To asses the color change, the colorimetric system L*a*b* was used, using device CHROMA METER CR_40. There was no significant difference regarding all three factors. Generally, it can be concluded that the use of green skin of walnuts to fish food ration, cause no impact on some growth factors and as well as survival rate and food conversion rate, but the apparent color index impact was significanot(P≥0.05)

Rainfall change as a result of climate change is one of the important issues of recent decades. Climate change can be represented as changes in the inter-annual precipitation distribution and seasonality. Furthermore, the seasonality changes and the transposition of the seasonal precipitation are very important for agricultural and hydrological domains decision makings. In this paper, in order to quantitatively investigat the inter-annual distribution of precipitation, at first the seasonality index and the normalized seasonal precipitation anomaly are calculated. For this purpose the monthly rainfall of 33 synoptic stations are used over Iran. The spatial distribution of the seasonality index average and also the year occurrence of maximum and minimum index for each station are identified. Then the significant trends of seasonality indices and also the normalized seasonal precipitation anomaly are examined using Mann-Kendall test for the period 1977-2006.The results show the minimum seasonality index for Gorgan station in the south east of the Caspian Sea, and the maximum seasonality index for Bandarabas station in the south of the country (the coast of the Persian Gulf). The precipitation tends to be concentrated in few months of the year in most stations for the study period (only three stations show significant trends). The maximum seasonality index is observed after 1990 in most stations. However, the trends of seasonal rainfall anomalies for all four seasons in the northwest parts of Iran are negative, but in the central and western regions changes in anomaly trends are positive. This means that seasonal rainfall year to year variations are reduced in the northwest of the country. Highest number of significant trends is observed in winter precipitation.

To survey and compare heavy metal (Pb, Cd) accumulation in Carangoides malabaricus in Persian Gulf waters (Hormozgan Province), sampling of this fish catches was done seasonally from Tiab port to Bandar Abass city during winter and summer of 2012. After biometry of the fish, muscle and liver tissues were separated. The amount of Pb and Cd were measured by an atomic absorption instrument (Varian - model GTA 100).The results of lead concentration in liver and muscle tissues were 0.1470±0.235 and 0.0399±0.0125 µg/g, respectivelyand Cd levels in liver and muscle tissues were 0.0297±0.0105 and 0.0036±0.0005 µg/g respectively.. The difference between the average concentration of Pb and Cd in liver and muscle tissues was significant (p<0.05). Average concentrations of Pb and Cd in liver and muscle tissues were not difference significantly between two seasons (p≥0/05). The comparison of the results with permissible limits of WHO, EPA and UK showed that the concentrations of these metals are lower than international permissible limits.

To study the effect of copper toxicity on some hematological indices of Acipenser nudiventris, a group of 120 fish were exposed to different concentrations of copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2) (0, 1, 5, 10 mg/lit). The results showed that the level of hemoglobin (Hb) was increased with the increase in the concentration of copper and also time (P < 0.05). For the concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/lit, the numbers of red blood cells (RBC) were considerably reduced after 24 hours (P < 0.05). After 24 hours, the percent of hematocrit (Hct) was increased and the number of white cells (WBC) was decreased, and the volume of red blood cells (MCV) was considerably increased for all concentrations (P < 0.05). The average of hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) did not change and was the same in all concentrations after 24 and 48 hours (P ≥ 0.05) but was increased considerably after 72 and 96 hours (P < 0.05). The average of hemoglobin concentration (MCH) was increased considerably in 10 mg/lit concentration after 24, but was increased considerably in 1 mg/lit after 72 and 96 hours (P < 0.05). The results of differentiation counting of leucocytes showed that with increase in copper concentration and time, the number of lymphocytes in the 5 and 10 mg/lit concentrations were decreased considerably after 24 hours, but were increased in 1 mg/lit concentration after 48 hours (P < 0.05). The number of monocytes was considerably decreased after 24 and 48 hours in all concentrations, but was considerably increased in 1 mg/lit after 72 hours (P < 0.05). The number of eutrophil was considerably increased in 5 and 10 mg/lit after 24 hours, but was considerably decreased in 1 mg/lit after 48 and 72 hours (P < 0.05). The study showed that although the copper is an essential element for most of physiologic processes but it showed severe toxic effects on the Acipenser nudiventris,

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of slow and quick freezing on proximate compositions, drip loss, sensory properties changes, and microstructure of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × Tilapia mosambicus) fillets. For this reason, skinned and deboned tilapia fillets were frozen by slow and quick frozen methods. The samples were packed and storedat -18 °C for six months. Proximate composition, drip loss, and sensory evaluation of the samples were determined every month. Microstructure of the samples was studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) every two months. Results indicated that fresh tilapia fillets had 1.68, 20.26, 1.38, 78.06 percentage of fat, protein, ash and moisture content, respectively. The proximate compositions were changed during the storageperiod. Quick frozen samples had significantly (P<0.05) lower changes than the slow frozen samples. The amount of moisture, ash, protein and fat for samples with slow freezing were 73.56, 2.76, 17.56 and 0.73 percentage and for samples with quick freezing were 76.31, 1.89, 18.01 and 1.18 percentage, respectively. The percentage of the drip in the slow frozen samples was significantly higher than quick frozen samples (P<0.05). The amount of drip was 11.4 and 6.1 percentage for slow and quick freezing samples after six month. SEM micrographs also showed that the changes in the microstructure of the samples were different in the slow and frozen samples. Slow freezing methods caused higher damage in the microstructure of the sample than quick freezing methods. Sensory evaluation of the samples indicated that there was a better acceptability in the quick frozen samples than slow frozen sample (P<0.05).

gbbggbThis study was conducted to determine and comparetrace elements, Fe, Zn and Cu in muscle of 8 species of endemic fish, Barbus grypus, Barbus sharpeyi, Barbus xanthopterus, Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus, Liza abu, Barbus esocinus and Aspius vorax, in 2012.Seventy two samples of fishes were collected from Horolazim wetland in Khuzestan province.Concentration of heavy metals, following wet digestion,were measured by Perkin Elmer 4100 atomic absorption spectrometer. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using SPSS17 software at significant level of 5% (P=0.05). Concentration of Fe in muscle of fishes were not significantlydifferent (P>0.05). The zinc content in muscle of Barbus grypuscompared to other fishes were significantly different (P<0.05). Copper levels in muscle of fishes studied were significantly different (P<0.05). The mean concentration of Fe, Zn and Cu in muscle of fishes were 11.39±0.26, 12.94±0.38 and 0.62±0.004 mg kg-1, respectively. Also, the highest concentration of Cu was calculated in muscle of Barbus xanthopterus (mg Kg-1). The average concentration of Zn and Cu in muscle of fishes were lower than WHO permissible levels.

The current research, as a field study, was conducted by questionnaires that were filled through interviews with 22 individual rainbow trout farmers in Qazvin province. The present research aimed to assess the insurance operations, identify the risk factors in fish farms, followed by the assessment of the risks rising from mismanagement aspects. Considering the occurrence percentage of above factors and the level of damage they have imposed in a 20-year period, from 1994 to 2014, the impact of above factors was obtained and then insurability pattern of freshwater farms of the province was calculated using the coefficients obtained fromdescriptive statistical analysis of questionnaires and using factor analysis (FA) with the extracted principal components analysis (PCA).The results of the present study showed that damages imposed by mismanagement factors had a greater share than natural disaster factors, while this aspect has been almost overlooked and underestimated in insurance coverage lots.