نشریه انسان پژوهی دینی
پیاپی 21-22 (پاییز و زمستان 1388)

The condition is related to future and occurrence or under taking decline depends upon it. Affairs are in contract keep promise, as well as, in some contracts. Common is necessary and It is elicited, conditions situations and rules have to performed by both of parties. Masonry conditions In Imamiyeh religious jurisprudence are thought deeply and they have to be discussed to value discussion of before contract. Before contracting Masonry conditions or collusion condition is a greed by parties before contracting, It is contracted but it isn´t stipulated in the contract. The study wants to indicate there isn´t difference between. Masonry condition and implicit condition when it can be said the condition relies on the contract it will be in the intention world and It   must be keep promise and the contract is according to it.

Not after 150 years, has the conflict between political modern concepts and traditional ones got over, therefore, for the contemporary Iranian people, once encountering with such concepts, nothing but confusion is resulted and they are impotent in solving the governing dichotomy on their socio-political life. What should be done? To achieve a solution in this context, the way how religious scholars exposure to this problem (the main question), mainly Seyed Jamal Asadabadi, with his localization methods, (Subsidiary Question) will be considered. It, of course, seems his method, based on maintaining authenticity, imposes the traditional meanings on modern political concepts. (Hypothesis) So that the main question partially and, the subsidiary one totally to be answered and the hypothesis to be accessed, the traditional approach is going to be offered. Although this approach is not of the common approach in the methodology of political sciences, it, in our opinion, is the only approach that possesses most overlap with the localization method of modern political concepts in Seyed Jamal`s view. Extracting the modern political concepts in the sayings and writings of Sayed Jamal and discovering his way of encountering with these concepts is the next step taken in this paper and, at last, Correctness and incorrectness of the hypothesis will be tested.

In the Muslim world, there are five wise philosophers, Abu Es`haq Kandi, Farabi, Ibn Sina, Ibn Rushd, and Sadr al-Din  Shirazi, that rational philosophical movement, from the beginning till the  evolution  of Transcendental Wisdom had been introduced by them., They, despite of deep understanding in wisdom and philosophy , deeply attached to the law and teachings of religion and the Prophet (s) and have stated in their works no contradiction between religious law and wisdom ,thinking and worshiping, , free thinking and being versed in law of religion. Their wisdom seeking did not prevent them from having belief in religion. Despite of being immersed in the sea of reasoning based on of philosophy and wisdom, they drank from the pure spring of revelation and religion.

The optimal type of leadership, in the various factors, has been raised by theories related to leadership style. Some people believe, a leader is successful due to his characteristics, as intrinsic or acquired, whereas, others consider it as his behavioral characteristics.  In some comments, it is said that a leader with regard to characteristics of his followers can apply the optimal leadership style. But recent theories believe, in addition to all these factors, the optimal leadership style depend on the situation and condition within the leadership system and all of them together create ideal and efficient leadership. All the above cases, both innate and acquired characteristics, authoritative, participative, persuasive, and consigning leadership style, in a well-ordered form, as well as the leading position within the system, as Shiism, had formed the type in the leadership of Imam Baqir (AS). In addition to the common points, his leadership style is differentiated from the existing theoretical model. These indicators in some of his distinct personality such as science, infallibility, policies, principles dominated on his authoritative and consigning leadership style, and according to the position outside the Shiite system, in addition to the position within the system of leadership of Imam, …. are going  to be investigated. It seems that these distinguishing characteristics in leadership principles and some details of the case are related to the differences between the two titles of the leadership and the guardianship.

The argument of "reasonableness" is of the ways which proves the existence of God. This argument, in the West, is known as" Pascal conditioning", however, its foundation can be found in the precious speech of Imam Ali (AS) in Nahj al-Balagha. Since Pascal was affected by Ghazali, the title of "reasonableness" for this argument is more worthy. The argument of "degrees of perfection" is also a proof taken by the Western thinkers to prove God.  This argument is adaptable with the bases of "the highest contingent”   and can be extracted from some of the speeches of Imam Ali in Nahj al-Balagha. The remarks of the Imam, moreover, clearly imply on the argument of the movement.

Great and major changes in Iran and America's relationships are what to be brought up after the Islamic Revolution in 1357, which led to setting American, the most active country in Iran's foreign policy, aside of the international interactions. These changes had not happen by chance. They, surely, possessed basis and backgrounds which in this paper, based on the Imam Khomeini and our honorable leader's speech as well as inquiring the history of revolution and the pre and post happenings of it are to be studied.

Being a religious movement, fundamentalism has presumed returning to principles and fundamentals and sought to across from modernism and back to traditions. Atherosclerosis, emphasizing on the centrality of religion, opposing with secularism and emphasizing on violence to reach to the goals are the main features of any form of fundamentalism, including Christian fundamentalism. Such approach leads the fundamentalist movements toward having influence on their surroundings. The effect of the teachings of Christian fundamentalism on American's policy in the field of foreign policy and internal policy is to be studied in this paper.

Alongside with acquired knowledge, in a long run, another type as presence or intuitive knowledge has been introduced. Among the group of philosophers, some believe intuition takes place only by means of intellect, whereas, some hold it as a result of human soul which causes certainty, while the rest are not worthy of trust. Plato is of the philosophers that give accuracy to intuition, but always this question has been raised by the philosophers after him that the intuition, in his opinion, was of rational or mystical kind. With reference to the works of Plato and extracting the characteristics of his intuition and comparing it with those of mystical schools and religious experiences, this assumption is verified that it would be of the mystical. However, the opponents of this opinion express their own strong reasons.

Islam is the Seal of religions, therefore, it is of the necessary capacity needed to respond all human needs at all times, places and different conditions. Large part of this potentiality is affected by the important principle of wise expediencies and having consistency with the nature. This important principle has a special place in the conduct and speeches of Imam Ali (a. s.) so that, a new approach in this regard can be attained. Expediencies include both religious and social ones. The Imam's method of grasping expediency was through consultation, advice, ordering the good and preventing the bad, as well as getting benefits from the experience and knowledge of the specialists of the filed. Public, governmental and legal expediencies as well as organizational, professional and personal expediencies are of various kind being paid attention and emphasized by Imam Ali (a.s.).

In the paper, it has been argued that human nature inclines toward good and reasonable actions. A full and true knowledge of one's own nature would lead to appropriate conduct and, finally, to one's happiness. As morality is counted among the most vital needs of society of which many social and individual problems originate, ethical education is necessarily taken as the unique foundation for the improvement of society.