نشریه رسانه و فرهنگ
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 23، بهار و تابستان 1401)

Religious journalism is a popular genre that has received less exposure among the studies of the Iranian press. For nearly two centuries of print journalism in the country, no national newspaper has regularly reported on religious matters. This paper provides a comparative review of the content of the two dailies; Kayhan and Ettela’at, during of the first thirteen days of the month of Muharram from 1956-2006. The results showed a significant relationship with 99% confidence between the two papers regarding style, subject, function, size, and place of content and photos. The use of the news genre increased in the three decades after the revolution of 1979 and decreased in the face of religious advertisements. In the pre-revolutionary period, the function of religious education and preaching was prominent, and in the years after the revolution, the informative and guidance function with a focus on the biographies of religious leaders became more prevalent. The educational function is more evident in the Kayhan Daily, and the religious publicity function was more prominent in the other one. Indeed, the two newspapers have the opposite trend in terms of the number and size of articles before and after the revolution period.

Critical Discourse Analysis, which aims at uncovering the mediational role of language in (re)producing reality, employs such analytical tools as the resources of Systemic Functional Linguistics. This study has set out to introduce to the reader and deploy a selected set of the said tools, and has attempted to apply the two systems of Thematic Structure and Transitivity to a sample of journalistic texts. In keeping with this, an editorial from the Iranian daily Keyhan, dealing with the execution of 37 Saudi Shiite dissidents, has been selected and scrutinized. The findings showed that, from an Thematic Structure perspective, the author has rendered opaquely his/her intended message, that is, criticism of reactions to the above event. Furthermore, having strategically employed themes, he/she has tried to show that it has had precedents, and that it is contextualized in relation to other events supposedly requiring reactions. The Transitivity Analysis pointed to the fact that Saudi leaders have been mostly represented as actors in such material processes as committing atrocities, and that the 37 prisoners have been rendered as goals, that is at the receiving end of actions such as torture, crime, etc.Keywords: Keyhan Daily, Systemic Functional Linguistics, Discourse Analysis, Critical Discourse Analysis

The media in all its forms is the arena of conveying the message to the audience, and all types of media play a prominent role in creating culture and changing the beliefs and attitudes of the audience; Therefore, due to the diversity and multiplicity of new media, the issue of audience attraction is more important than ever. The present study, with emphasis on different types of media, in the form of interdisciplinary studies, has introduced three prominent components in Saadi Park and Golestan. The research method is theoretical-citation and based on humanities data And the research findings show that Saadi has used the components of simplification, conciseness and truth-telling as three very effective strategies in attracting the audience and the correct application of these tricks has led to his global success. Intelligent strategies that have the ability to be very effective as a raw material in sparking media messages to attract the attention of the audience.

Food advertising contributes to increase children’s food preference, purchase and consumption, and therefore children’s obesity. This study aims to describe the promotional techniques used in unhealthy food advertising on the television channels of Islamic Republic of Iran. Accordingly, food advertising on the three television channels (in prime time for children’s television watching) was analyzed using content analysis method. In order to classify promotional techniques, a coding framework was used. Results showed that 73.58 percent of advertised food were unhealthy, and “flavors” and “oils and other fats” had the most frequencies of unhealthy food advertising. The most used promotional techniques were respectively music/ jingles, happiness, and meal portrayed. Although many of unhealthy food advertising used persuading techniques for children, the more of these food products were in the green area based on nutrient content (i.e. low risk for health).

Advertisements are one of the forms of messages that advertisers advertise and sell their product through linguistic and visual constructions. This descriptive-analytical study has explained and analyzed four ads that have a direct impact on the environment. The reason for choosing these four ads, apart from the canvas discussion and the effects they have on it, is their repetition in the radio and television media. The need for rethinking in advertisements, taking into account the consequences and consequences that they have on the environment, constitutes the necessity of conducting this research. The results of this study indicate that the above-mentioned advertisements in the form of language and images help to construct a consumerist discourse. Advertisers seek to sell their product without considering the full aspects of it. With the exception of the "Crystal Koala" ad, which is both in terms of language and in terms of image and animation, which has been one of the concerns of the environment, other ads not only do not help the environment. But in various ways, endanger nature and the environment.

This article, looking at the different generations of smart cities experienced in the world, has searched for the indicators and characteristics of the ideal Iranian-global smart city, which, because in the history of Iran, three generations of smart cities have been experienced with the title of Shari, it is called Shari Smart City. We have said that Shar means "city and civilization" and is the keyword of 4 concepts, which are the pillars of Shari city proposed in this research.Through a multi-year domestic and international study, 53knowledg-Teches - or 53 knowledge and technology - have been extracted with 99 characteristics and indicators, so that through their application and implementation, "the ideal city that saves or at least reduces the problems of contemporary man" and shaped urban life; It means "Shari smart city".The findings of this article have been obtained through the foundation's data methodology or GT in a mixed form and with a statistical population of 48 domestic experts in the qualitative section, and 400 specialists in the field of technology and urban management in the quantitative section. At the end, the reliability of the findings has been verified through a focus group.

The present article has been done with the aim of studying programs for the first decade of Muharram in Ardabil Sabalan channel. The research is based on the method of content analysis, which has followed the programs related to the Hosseini movement and the Ashura uprising in the first decade of Muharram in different formats and structures of television programs. The findings of the research in a general study show that this channel seeks to increase the excitement, crying and depiction of the oppression of Imam Hussein (AS) and his companions and in terms of consciousness, representation of Husseini's thought and explain the philosophy of Ashura uprising and The Hosseini movement has a very small percentage. The most important findings are: The highest airtime of 20.7% is dedicated to the "Hosseini Mourners Association" program. Among the items, 21.2% is dedicated to the item "mourning and eulogy". The subject of "religious" with 72.9% and the minor subject of "mourning" with 25.3% are more than others. 33% of the programs are presented in "excitement" format. In 41% of the programs, the view of Imam Hussein (AS) and his companions is "oppressed".

The main purpose of the study is to analyze the role and function of social networks on the digitalization of the lifestyle of young people in Tehran. In general, this study is important because it is possible to get a general idea of the lifestyle of young people in Tehran, and the role of virtual social networks and its function in the trend of digital life helps experts and cultural officials to Use the capacity of this media to publish the Iranian lifestyle with attractiveness and favorable changes and preserve the Iranian value, and also the hidden and forgotten part of the lifestyle of the youth can be represented from this space. In this study, the qualitative method of grounded theory (foundation data theory) was used, and field studies (semi-in-depth interview) and library/documentation methods were used to collect information, and the statistical population of this study was 13 professors, media experts and knowledgeable people. Were selected using the purposeful sampling method and a semi-in-depth interview was conducted with them in order to reach theoretical saturation. By using the analytical technique (Strauss and Corbin), concepts were considered as the unit of analysis at the levels of the whole text of the interview, paragraphs, phrases and sentences, and by separating the text of the interview, open codes were extracted. In the systematic design of Strauss and Corbin, open, axial and selective coding was used. In open coding, the researcher found 32 subcategories and 122 concepts, 8 categories and 47 concepts in causal conditions, 8 concepts in the central category of knowledge acquisition, 10 concepts in 5 environmental contexts, 22 concepts in 8 intervention conditions, The strategy achieved 28 concepts and 7 concepts in 2 individual and social consequences.

Science journalism policy-making is a grand strategy that emphasizes the role and functions of science journalism as well as changing common paradigms with respect to the impact of the Internet and new media to guide decisions, achieve logical goals and reduce existing challenges. The aim of this study was to provide a policy model for science journalism based on new media. This study is an applied-developmental research in terms of purpose and has been done with a cross-sectional survey approach. The statistical population includes theoretical experts (university professors) and experimental experts (experienced journalists). Purposeful method was used for sampling and continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Finally, the views of 20 experts were used. The content analysis method and MaxQDA software were used to identify the underlying categories of science journalism policy. Structural-interpretive method and MicMac software were used to present the model. The research findings show the factors that ultimately lead to the policy-making of science journalism in Iran.

The economic status of the country for the press has suffered more damage than other agencies. Newspapers are among the first goods to be removed from the household basket during inflation. Therefore, due to the incompatibility between costs and income, imbalance of supply and demand they have gone through a risky era.The purpose of this paper is to identify the economic challenges of Iranian newspapers as well as discovering solutions to this dilemma. In order to identify and evaluate the viewpoint of professionals and experts in media field, this investigation was conducted in year 1399 based on Iranian calendar.In a part of the research, the qualitative method of grounded theory was applied. This approach was based on in-depth interviews therefore 21 managers of public and private newspapers were interviewed. It should be noted that, the following results were achieved through analyzing the data using Max QDA 10 software.The research findings indicate that external challenges can be classified into 4 categories: traditional distribution system, newspaper division into private and governmental ones, social media, the government politics. In conclusion 10 practical items were extracted to eradicate the struggling issue.

Cinema is an art and simultaneously an industry, and every industry needs profit to survive. Hence the studies about cinema either focus on film as a product or audiences. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of audience-orientation and film features on the satisfaction of cinema’s audiences. The research is applied and descriptive and was conduct in Zanjan and Sari cities. The questionnaire was used for data collection that its validity and reliability were approved. The total number of 400 questionnaires were distributed and collected (by using purpose sampling). The data were analyzed by AMOS and SPSS with using structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. The results show that film features and audience-orientation have a significant direct positive on the satisfaction of cinema audiences. Film stars, screenplay, and film success have a significant effect on the satisfaction of cinema audiences. Among the two dimensions of audience-orientation, the effect of lifestyle on the satisfaction of cinema audiences is significant, but the effect of social issues is not significant.

Text-centric social media platforms such as Twitter play an important role in shaping public opinion to the extent that users can frame what they perceive as a reality. The purpose of the present study was to examine public opinion about the Football Federation elections on Twitter. Therefore, after the Football Federation elections, 2531 tweets were extracted by searching for hashtags and Brown and Clark (2006) approach was used to discover the themes, which yielded 57 subthemes. subthemes produced the 7 main themes "Characters and Stars", "Football Community", "Football Structure", "Non-Football", "Media", "Football Emotions" and "Corruption in Football" on Twitter. The findings showed that Twitter helps users create frames that traditional media cannot or do not want to create. Studying frames shows how users use social media to overcome traditional media coverage, provide alternatives, and change perceptions.