فصلنامه روانشناسی تحولی: روانشناسان ایرانی
پیاپی 69 (پاییز 1400)

This study aimed to describe and compare the lived experience of adults in the first and second peaks of Covid-19 pandemic. The research design was descriptive with qualitive phenomenological approach. 14 participants were selected by purposive sampling method. They were interviewed in depth at two stages and during two peaks of coronavirus infection in Iran. Results were analyzed by using Colaizzi’s method and data were collected after 12 interviews but it was continued to 14 people to ensure. The results related to first peak were summarized in 6 main clusters and 17 sub-clusters. Main clusters included exposure to Corona, individuals’ concerns, attitudes and evaluations of Corona experience, coping strategies, Corona and quarantine effects, and Corona and family. The clusters related to the second peak were similar to the first peak, and only the “first exposure to Corona” sub-cluster was eliminated in second peak. Results showed that in the first peak, people used more emotional strategies for coping with crisis while they experienced fear and conflict with individual and social challenges. However, through time, quarantine was turned into an opportunity for creating of a new lifestyle this was the most important achievement and was used for individual change and growth.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of nonverbal learning disorders in female students. The research method was descriptive and cross-sectional. Participants comprised 354 female students from fourth, fifth, and sixth grades in elementary schools in Karaj and were selected by stratified random sampling using the Children Nonverbal Learning Disabilities Scale (Goldstein, 2002). 13 students who got ≥30 points on the Scale were diagnosed at-risk to a nonverbal learning disorder. Then, they answered to Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-3rd revision (Woolger, 2001). 3 students were diagnosed as having a nonverbal learning disorder according to their total intelligence quotient equals to ≥85, ≥10 point difference between their verbal intelligence quotient and practical intelligence quotient. Data were analyzed by The Mann-Whitney U test. The results indicated that 0.85% of female students had a nonverbal learning disorder. The findings suggested that regarding the almost high prevalence of nonverbal learning disorders in elementary students, we can accomplish early intervention programs to prevent their academic, behavioral, and occupational problems in the future.

This study aims to determine and compare the effectiveness of training mindfulness-based parenting and Adler-based democratic parenting on increasing the psychological well-being of mothers of adolescents aged 13 to 15 years old. 175 mothers of one high schools were selected by available method and assessed through the Reef’s psychological well-being (1989) and Murray Strauss conflict questionnaire (1979). 54 mothers who received the lowest score of psychological well-being, and had the criteria to enter the research, were selected as research sample and were replaced accidentally into three groups of 18 people - two experimental groups and one control group. The training groups underwent training sessions during eight 120-minute sessions. Subjects in three steps were tested by Reef’s psychological well-being (1989). The results of the mixed design analysis showed the psychological well-being scores of both the experimental and control groups did not differ in the pretest stage, but later from the educational interventions, the scores of both experimental groups increased significantly compared to the control group in the posttest and continued to pursue for two months follow-up. It was also found that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of democratic parenting and mindfulness-based Parenting on mothers’ psychological well-being.

This study aimed to a preliminary survey of the factor structure of the Persian version of the Covid-19 Stress Scale among students. The research method was descriptive and cross-sectional and the participants comprised 540 students of the Islamic Azad University of the electronic unit in the second semester of the academic year of 2019-2020 selected by convenience sampling using the Covid-19 Stress Scale (Taylor et al, 2020). Considering the influence of Iranian culture, two items (item number 15 and 24) were removed and results showed that this scale included 5 factors fear of danger, contamination, fear of socio-economic consequences, xenophobia, compulsive checking, reassurance, and traumatic stress symptoms in the case of COVID-19, covered the fit factors of this 5-factor model at the desired level. These findings indicated that, the factor structure of the Persian version of the Covid-19 Scale is a valid tool to measure Covid-19 stress in people with university education.

This study aimed to investigate the familial lived experiences of Iranian living in Canada. In 2019, 16 Iranians living in Canada who were at least 18 years old and resided for one year were selected by purposive sampling method and in-depth interviews were conducted. The study design was qualitative using semi-structured interview and observation method and analysis was performed by grounded theory approach through method of open, axial, and selective coding among the basic concepts of 57open codes, 5 axial codes (family avoidance, intergenerational gap, separation, new challenges, and self-actualization) and 2 selective codes (deconstructionism, independence, and individual growth) were selected. The findings showed that a set of conditions such as the type of behavior of immigrant families in the past and the difference between lifestyles and attitudes of generations can damage the intergenerational relationship and make people avoid the family structure. On the other hand, experiences of being away from home, can deepen people’s attitudes toward life, and can be significant in the development of their personality and independence in their life decisions.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Developmental, Individual-difference, Relationship-based model, and Sensory processing patterns of preschools, ages of 3 to 6 of Mashhad city. 300 voluntaries were selected by convenience method from kindergartens of 10 and 11 urban areas of Mashhad were collected. Social-Emotional Scaled (Greenspan, 2007) and a sensory profile of Dunn (Vein Dunn, 1999) questionnaire were used for scaling developmental individual relationship model and sensory profile of Dun. The data were analyzed by descriptive, correlation method. Results showed a significant relationship between DIR model and sensory processing types. (P<0.01). 0.8 percent of DIR variance, could be predicted by sensory profile. Among four sensory types (Low sensory registration, Avoiding sensory, Sensitive sensory, and Seeking sensory), Low sensory registration type was significant. Also for each participant, there was at least one dominant sensory processing type. Comparing scale of four sensory types and weakness or strength of each sensory types could predict behavior of children in different situations. Awareness of, dominant sensory processing type in preschools, could lead parents and teachers design more sufficient learning and adaptations interventions for behavioral problems

This study aimed to investigate the spiritual experiences of people with gender dysphoria The search method was descriptive
phenomenography in the forensic field of the south of Iran. 10 participants with Gender Dysphoria (4 biological
females and 6 biological males) were selected by purposeful snowballing and were interviewed in-depth and semi-structured.
Data were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis technique. In axial coding, while comparing categories and codes
with each other, their relationship was examined, and finally, the main theme of desire for spirituality followed by general categories
titled Resort, Acceptance, Destiny, and Relaxation was extracted from data analysis. Results showed that the spiritual experiences of
transgender people cover a wide range of principles. The participants in the study cited the feelings of insecurity, fear of loneliness,
and Finding identity as their main reasons for paying attention to spirituality. Findings suggest that in addition to the physical need,

This study aimed to investigate the role of depression and body dysmorphic metacognition components in eating disorders. This research method was descriptive- correlational. 324 girls students in Lorestan high school province were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The participants completed the Eating Attitudes Test (Garner, Olmsted, Bohr & Garfinkel, 1982), the Body Dysmorphic Metacognition Questionnaire (Rabiei, Salahian, Bahrami & Palahang, 2011), and the Child Depression Inventory (Kovacs & Beck, 1977). The Pearson Correlation and Concurrent Regression were used for analysis. The results showed that the components of depression (negative mood, interpersonal problems, ineffectiveness, anhedonia, and negative self-esteem) and the components of body dysmorphic metacognition (metacognitive control, thought-action fusion, metacognitive negative and positive beliefs, and safety behaviors) had a significant and positive relationship with an eating disorder. In addition, the results of regression analysis showed that negative mood, negative self-esteem, and metacognitive control could predict eating disorders. Based on findings considering the components of depression and body dysmorphic metacognition may have an important clinical role in the processes of prevention and treatment of the eating disorder.