نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 4 (پیاپی 109، امرداد و شهریور 1401)

Different intervention programs are offered and implemented for autistic children. Due to using the artificial and machine instrumentals, computer games may be effective in teaching children with autism. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of computer games on communication skills and emotion regulation of children with autism spectrum disorders. 

The statistical population of this study included all children with autism disorder aged 7 to 9 years at the rehabilitation center in Tehran in 2019. For this purpose, 20 children were selected by the convenient sampling method and randomly assigned into two equal groups. The research instruments included the Social Communication Questionnaire (Rutter, Bailey, and Lord, 2003) and the Emotion Regulation Checklist (Shields and Cicchetti, 1998). The experimental members were trained with computer games in twelve 45-minute sessions three times a week. The data were analyzed by using covariance analysis and SPSS software. 

The results showed that computer games significantly affected the emotion regulation of children with autism disorder (P< 0.01). However, this effect on the communication skills was not significant (P> 0.05). 

It can be concluded that training with computer games improves the emotion regulation of children with autism disorder. Therefore, families, educational institutions, and psychological and counseling services centers can benefit from this method to improve this disorder.

Psychiatric emergencies are acute mental health, behavioral, and social disorders requiring immediate intervention. The primary role of psychiatric emergency services is to provide mental health services for eligible patients. This study aimed to design a Minimum Data Set (MDS) for emergency psychiatry. 

A comprehensive Grey Literature review was conducted in Iran, the United States, Australia, and England to identify sets of data elements for psychiatric emergencies in April 2019. Three psychiatric MSDs, two psychiatric emergency guidelines, and five psychiatric record forms were identified. Then, the identified data elements were extracted and categorized. An expert panel assessed the face validity. The content validity of a set of data elements and the clinical importance of data elements in emergency psychiatry were evaluated. Data elements that received a score of 4-5 from 79% of the specialists remained in the study. 

Out of a total of 93 identified data elements, 53 were considered essential data elements for MDS of emergency psychiatry. The data elements were categorized as follows: Socio-demographic data, psychiatric history, family psychiatric history, medical history, mental health/ psychiatric status, suicidal risk and harm risk for others, and diagnosis and treatment.

Given the importance of psychiatric disorders and the lack of a national system for gathering psychiatric information, performing the same study on psychiatric data elements is essential. The findings of this study can be applied to design psychiatric emergency forms and accurate and complete data gathering in psychiatric records.

Nowadays, life satisfaction has become one of the most important necessities in human life, and low scales of it can lead to numerous problems. This study assessed the relationship between self-efficacy and life satisfaction and the mediating role of emotion dysregulation. 

The statistical population of this descriptive-correlation study in 2021 included adults from Mashhad, from whom 402 individuals (136 males and 266 females) were selected by the convenient sampling method. The participants fulfilled General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Data analyzed using Pearson Correlation coefficient, and Route Analysis. 

The results of Route Analysis showed that emotion dysregulation has a mediating role in the relationship between self-efficacy and life satisfaction. The model also had an eligible direct paths from self-efficacy to life satisfaction (P< 0.01, β= 0.10), emotion dysregulation to life satisfaction (P< 0.01, β= -0.36), self-efficacy to emotion dysregulation (P< 0.01, β = -0.40), was statistically significant. So that self-efficacy and emotion dysregulation could predict life satisfaction. Also, indirect effects were examined and showed that self-efficacy positively predicts life satisfaction through emotion dysregulation (P< 0.01, β = 0.14). 

It seems that self-efficacy can predict life satisfaction through the mediating role of emotion dysregulation. Therefore, awareness programs about the importance of self-efficacy and emotion regulation can be considered to increase people's life satisfaction.

The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the combined protocol of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and ACT affecting couples' interpersonal context on improving relationship obsession of female patients with Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (ROCD).

The present study was conducted as a single-subject study with a multiple baseline design to evaluate the efficacy of the combined protocol of ACT for OCD and couples on improving ROCD in Iranian couples. The sample was married students studying at Tehran universities in 2019 with a ROCD diagnosis. In the combined treatment of ACT for OCD and couples, two patients; in the ACT for OCD, two patients, and the ACT for couples, two patients were studied that were randomly replaced in these treatments. Research instruments included New Partner-Related Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Inventory (New PROCSI), and New Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (New ROCI). 

The scores of participants' median, average, relative, and absolute levels decreased from baseline to treatment stage in both new PROCSI and new ROCI. Also, except for participants 5 and 6, the rest of the participants from baseline to treatment showed stable changes in both questionnaires. The Mean Baseline Reduction (MBLR) and Reliable Change Index (RCI) of those who received the combined ACT were better than those who received other forms of ACT.

The combined treatment of ACT for OCD and couples is the most effective method to reduce the score of new PROCSI and new ROCI compared to the other two treatments.

Behavioral problems are among the problems that challenge various aspects of an individual's life, including school, work, and especially family. The family is also one of the effective factors in creating and modifying these problems. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an emotion socialization parenting package and evaluate its effectiveness on the sense of competence of the mothers of 7-10- year-old female students with internalizing behaviors. 

This research was exploratory, having qualitative-quantitative nature. The qualitative phase focused on the development of an educational package using the content analysis method comprising six main themes: supportive reaction to child's emotions, parent's meta-emotion philosophy, family-centered emotional interactions, child's emotional competence development, emotion regulation training, and parents' non-supportive reactions to the child's emotions which were presented during eight sessions. The quantitative phase had a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all mothers of 7-10-year-old female students studying in Isfahan schools in the academic year of 2018-2019. So, 30 students with behavioral problems were selected using the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)-Parent Report Form. Their mothers were divided into two experimental (emotion socialization training) and control groups. The Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale was used as pre-and post-tests. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

The results indicated that emotion socialization training significantly increased the mother's sense of competence (P< 0.001).

It seems that emotion socialization training impacts positively on mother's sense of competence who have children with internalizing behaviors.

Anxiety as a part of modern human life is present in all people at a moderate level and is considered an adaptive response to environmental stimuli. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between behavioral brain system activity and anxiety sensitivity with mediating role of personality traits. 

The study population consists of all students of Zahedan universities (2020-2021). Among them, 371 students from associate to doctorate levels were selected by non-random and purposeful sampling. They fulfilled Jackson Five Factors Questionnaire, Reiss et al. Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), and Personality Traits Questionnaire (NEO-FFI). The data were analyzed by AMOS statistical program and SPSS 22 version.

The fight-flight-freezing system negatively and significantly predicts anxiety sensitivity (P< 0.001, β= -0.43). At the same time, the behavioral activation and inhibition systems do not significantly predict anxiety sensitivity (P> 0.05). Among the predictor variables, neuroticism (P< 0.001, β= 0.417) and conscientiousness (P< 0.05, β= 0.117) positively and agreeableness negatively (P< 0.05, β= -0.133) predict anxiety sensitivity. In contrast, extraversion and openness to experience do not predict anxiety sensitivity (P> 0.05). The results show that the overall effect of the behavioral activation system on anxiety sensitivity is not significant. 

The findings revealed that personality traits and behavioral brain systems in some components can predict anxiety sensitivity levels in individuals.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) on anxiety caused by romantic breaking up in young girls.

In this study conducted in 2021 in Isfahan, Iran, three female participants with the experience of breaking up a romantic relationship were selected by the convenient sampling method. They underwent individual compassion-focused therapy during eight 90-minute sessions. Participants fulfilled Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Love Trauma Inventory (LTI) and the Minnesota Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MMPI 2-RF). The data were analyzed by baseline change index, visual mapping, and recovery percentage formula. 

In the post-treatment and follow-up stages, the improvement rate in the anxiety variable was 53% and 58% in the first, 63% and 75% in the second, and 36% and 18% in the third participants, respectively. Thus, the overall recovery rate for all three participants was 50%, indicating treatment success.

It can be concluded that compassion-focused therapy enhances the relief system, which is associated with feelings of calm, satisfaction, and security, and helps people relax in time and humiliate their inner conversation. Hostility changes into warmth and friendliness, and all of these factors reduce people's anxiety.

The present study compared the activity of brain behavioral brain systems, defense mechanisms, and cognitive-emotional regulation in patients with type I bipolar disorder and normal individuals. 

The statistical population of this causal-comparative research included type I bipolar patients in euthymic phase referred to Ibn-e-Sina Psychiatric Hospital in Mashhad- Iran, in January to October 2020. Thirty patients with type I bipolar disorder and thirty normal individuals were selected by the purposeful sampling method. The research instrument included Brain Behavioral Activation and Inhibition Activity System Questionnaire (BAS/BIS), Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ-40), and Cognitive-Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-P). The data analyzed through descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance. 

The results showed that BAS/BIS, defense mechanisms, and cognitive-emotional regulation are different significantly in bipolar I patients and normal individuals (P< 0.05). Bipolar I patients had higher levels of BAS/BIS, immature defense mechanisms, psychosis, boredom with others, rumination, and catastrophe. The level of BAS/BIS, mature defense mechanism, acceptance, positive refocus, and positive refocusing on planning and reassessment was higher in normal individuals than in patients with type I bipolar disorder.

The results showed that type I bipolar disorder is correlated with the components of all three variables of brain activation and brain inhibition systems, defense mechanisms, and cognitive-emotional regulation