دوفصلنامه راهبردهای بازرگانی
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 17، بهار و تابستان 1400)

Since the late 1990s, the number of articles dealing with the topic of competition has been increasing. This increase has been in response to the growing prevalence of co-competitive relationships in many industries. Different researchers in the field of competition have addressed this issue from very different perspectives and based their research on theoretical frameworks, types of analysis, methods, and different goals. This article deals with a systematic review of the articles that have been published in the last 26 years in the field of competition. First, it identifies the dimensions and components of the competitive strategy, then the dimensions and components of the specific competitive strategy of the transportation industry, and finally provides the framework of the competitive strategy. For this purpose, by searching and retrieving studies from six valid foreign and domestic databases, 1472 articles were identified and screened by non-inclusion criteria. Finally, only 190 articles were selected for review. Out of all the reviewed articles, 14 articles were related to competitive literature in the field of the transportation industry. Competitive strategy is a new subject areaseveralof industries very quickly got acquainted with its literature and entered the business space. But the transportation industry is one of the industries that has entered the field of competitive strategy in the last decade (2010 onwards) and has grown significantly in the last three years. The results show that the international and capital-intensive nature of the transportation industry leads companies to adopt a competitive strategy. Furthermore, the cooperation of competing transport companies will have positive consequences such as reducing service delivery time, service rates, and traffic.

Today, the emergence of the concept of digital transformation means making fundamental changes in the approaches to production and offering products and services, which has affected the survival and sustainability of businesses; On the other hand, due to the important role of companies as being responsible to the society, corporate sustainability has been much appreciated by researchers. This research aims to study the relationship between digital transformation and the sustainability of information technology companies by explaining the role of strategic renewal and value creation. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive correlation in terms of nature. The statistical population of the research is knowledge-based manufacturing companies of type two in the field of information technology, and the statistical sample includes 247 companies selected by available sampling. The data collection tool is a questionnaire whose reliability has been confirmed with Cronbach's alpha of 0.766. Furthermore, to analyze the data, a quantitative method, structural equation modeling in the form of Smart PLS software have been used. The results indicate the impact of digital transformation at the 95% confidence level on the sustainability of companies in the information technology field, and the mediating role of strategic renewal and value creation was also confirmed at the 95% confidence level in the relationship between digital transformation and corporate sustainability. Strategic renewal also has a positive and significant impact on value creation.

Today, due to the expansion of trade in the online space and the increase in the growth rate of electronic businesses, it is necessary to improve the performance of the brand by adopting market-oriented strategies and positioning strategies to discover, identify and meet the hidden and obvious needs of customers along with creating value and choose the right one to differentiate and gain a special place in the minds of customers. In this research, the impact of market-oriented approaches on brand performance was studied through the mediating role of companies' positioning strategies in B2B businesses. In terms of the purpose, it is applied research, and in terms of the nature or data collection method, it is a descriptive survey, and in terms of the relationships between research variables, it is correlation analysis. The statistical population of this research is electronic business companies serving the B2B model in Tehran. In total, 680 companies were active in Tehran, of which 245 companies were selected as samples. The data was collected using a simple random sampling method and a questionnaire using Ayer et al.'s (2019) indicators and research questions. The opinions of professors and experts were used to revalidate this questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was used for its reliability and its value was determined to be 0.88. SPSS26 and Smart Pls3 software were used to test the hypotheses of this research. The results showed that active market orientation has an effect on brand performance through the mediating role of design-based differentiation strategy and quality-based differentiation strategy, and responsive market orientation has an effect on brand performance through the mediating role of differentiation strategy based on brand image.

Globalization of the economy has made it impossible for countries to achieve continuous and stable economic growth and development by relying on economic, commercial, and marketing policies based on the domestic market and has made it a necessity to focus on international marketing activities. In this regard, the current research examines the impact of the basic requirements of national competitiveness on international marketing performance in 40 selected countries of the world during the period of 2011-2018. For this purpose, the research model has been estimated by the panel data approach and by the method of generalized moments. The results showed that institutions, infrastructure, macroeconomic environment, and health and primary education have a positive and significant effect on international marketing performance as the basic requirements of competitiveness. Meanwhile, the estimated coefficient of the macroeconomic environment is larger than the estimated coefficient of other competitiveness requirements. The estimated coefficient for health and primary education was smaller than the estimated coefficient of other competitiveness requirements. Also, the effect of control variables of commodity market customer orientation, business environment dynamics, and innovation on international marketing performance in selected countries has been positive and significant.

Today's companies and organizations, especially knowledge-based companies, are facing fluid and changing environment due to extensive and increasing developments, which makes it difficult for the managers of these companies to make decisions about various matters. In such a case, if managers suffer from managerial myopia, the most important threat for that company and organization is non-survival. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and explaining the antecedents and consequences of managers' myopia in knowledge-based companies. The current research is based on mixed research, qualitative and quantitative, which is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of the research is the knowledge-based companies of Lorestan, and the senior and middle managers of these companies have been studied using the purposeful sampling method. In the qualitative part of the research, the data collection tool is a semi-structured interview, the validity, and reliability of which were confirmed using the relative content validity coefficient and intra-coder and inter-coder tests. The tool for collecting information in the quantitative part is a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed using content validity and retesting. In the qualitative part, the qualitative data obtained from the interview were analyzed using the ATLS software and the coding method, and the antecedents and consequences of managers' myopia were identified. In addition, in the quantitative part of the research, the priority of the antecedents and consequences of managers' myopia was determined using the Delphi method. The results show that the inability to predict and plan strategically, short-sightedness, and not having a strategic approach and thinking is the most important antecedents of myopia. Furthermore, the results showed that endangering the organization's long-term strategies, not achieving long-term goals, and disruption in the policy-making process are the most important consequences of myopia.

Coopetition strategy is a phenomenon that is the result of the simultaneous pursuit of cooperation and competition between companies, and nowadays it has become increasingly popular in strategic management studies; However, since high-tech industries require expertise and high technology, which any business may not fully possess, are in urgent need of cooperation and sharing of this expertise and technology so that in addition to competing, they can create a unique competitive advantage with cooperation. Therefore, the adoption of a strategy based on competition and cooperation in high-tech industries becomes more and more prominent. This research aims to study the role of management ambidexterity between strategic goals and the cooperation competition strategy with the moderating role of knowledge sharing.This study is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of the method of doing the work. The statistical population consists of 109 active managers in high-tech industries who have experienced competition-cooperation, and who were selected by the non-probability sampling method. The research tool is a questionnaire whose form and content validity were examined using experts' opinions and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of all variables was more than 0.7, which shows the reliability of the tool. The obtained data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method and AMOS software.The findings of the research showed that strategic intent has a positive and significant effect on the management ambidexterity and the cooperation competition strategy, and management ambidexterity has a significant effect on the strategy of competition and cooperation. Furthermore, the result shows that management ambidexterity plays a moderating role between strategic intent and the cooperation competition strategy.

The banking industry is facing challenges and obstacles due to increasing uncertainty and changes in the surrounding environment. Overcoming these challenges requires preparation and the ability to quickly adapt the banking industry to complex conditions through capabilities that increase the flexibility and agility of the industry. Strategic agility has been considered a new approach to dealing with complex situations. Based on this, the present research aims to provide a model for strategic agility with the approach of dynamic capabilities in the banking industry. This research is qualitative and practical in terms of the purpose, and the foundation's data theory strategy has been used as a precise and systematic method. The population was the active banks in Ilam province. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 11 bank experts who were selected through purposive and snowball sampling. The concepts and categories obtained from the interview were conducted through the process of open, central, and selective coding (132 concepts, 36 sub-categories, and 14 main categories) and finally compiled in the form of the foundation's data conceptual model. The findings showed that the central phenomenon (strategic agility) includes: the dimensions of strategic sensitivity, strategic intelligence, and strategic innovation. The causal factors of the model include macro-environmental factors and organizational and management factors. The contextual factors of the model also include effective policy making and strategic foresight. The desired strategies are individual growth and development strategy and diversity and participation strategy. The intervening factors of the model include environmental and competitive factors, organizational factors, and knowledge of business processes. Finally, the consequences of applying strategic agility in the banking industry contain internal consequences and external consequences.

Considering the high rate of customer dissatisfaction with banking services, the issue of service recovery is a clear example in the country's banking sector. Service recovery shows the reaction of banks when a problem occurs. This study aims to study the impact of the perceived justice of bank customers on satisfaction with service recovery and post-purchase behaviors. This research is an applied study that was conducted with a descriptive-survey approach. The statistical population is all customers who receive banking services (unlimited population), from which a sample of 409 people has been selected as a statistical sample using SAMPLE-POWER software. In this study, an adapted questionnaire was used to collect information. It is worth mentioning that the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. The partial least squares technique and SmartPLS software were used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that distributive, procedural, interactive, and informational justice has a positive and significant impact on satisfaction with service recovery; Satisfaction with service recovery has a positive and significant effect on customer trust, recommended advertising, and repurchase intention; Trust has a positive and direct impact on recommendation advertising and repurchase intention; Service recovery satisfaction through trust influences recommendation advertising and repurchase intention; It was also found that satisfaction with service recovery has a positive and direct impact on brand credibility and customer-based brand equity.

In recent years, the formation of banking service start-ups or fintech has caused a change in the way of providing various banking services. This research aims to shape the international entrepreneurial marketing model of fintech by relying on a mixed approach. The current research is practical in terms of purpose and exploratory in terms of nature. Using the qualitative approach and Delphi technique, the research identifies the dimensions and components affecting the international entrepreneurial marketing model of banking services startups. The research population in the qualitative part consists of banking system experts with work experience in the field of banking service start-ups selected by the snowball sampling method and in the quantitative part, including all the employees of the international branches of Saderat Bank whose sample size is according to the Karjesi-Morgan table using the available sampling method. After analyzing the data with the Delphi method and SPSS and SmartPLS 3 software, the research findings indicated that 93 components in the form of 25 dimensions can be presented in the research model. The analysis of the research model showed that at the confidence level of 95%, all the paths proposed in the conceptual model of the research were confirmed and significant. Paying attention to the features presented in the proposed research model is important since it can help the managers of the aforementioned startups to be smart to maximize profitability and minimize risk in international markets.

This research aims to study the impact of perceived value on the loyalty of sports customers, emphasizing the mediating role of customer satisfaction in private fitness clubs in the northwest of Iran during the Covid-19 pandemic. The current research was descriptive correlation based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population was the customers of the private gym in the northwest of Iran. 362 customers voluntarily completed the researcher-made questionnaire of perceived value, Liu's customer satisfaction (2008), and Liu's customer loyalty (2008). To analyze the data, the structural equation model based on the partial least square method was used in Smart PLS software. The results showed that perceived value has a direct and significant effect on customer loyalty (p=0.001, β=0.178, t=3.962) and customer satisfaction (p=0.001, β=0.547, t=11.960). The result related to the mediation of customer satisfaction using the Sobel test also showed that perceived value through customer satisfaction has an indirect and significant effect on customer loyalty (P=0.001, β=0.310, t=8.894). It can be said that private fitness clubs should try to pay attention to the new demands and requirements of customers (resulting from the spread of the Covid-19 virus) so that they can respond appropriately to the emerging perceptual values of customers to services in the presence of the coronavirus. In this way, they sustain their customers' satisfaction and attendance and provide long-term customer loyalty.