نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 153، مهر و آبان 1401)

 Due to the presence of high amounts of compounds with antioxidant and cytotoxic properties in Foeniculum vulgare mill seed essential oil, the aim of the present study was to determine and investigate the antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of fennel seed essential oil on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and A2780 ovarian cancer cell line. 

 The present experimental study was conducted in 2018. First, Foeniculum vulgare mill seed essential oil was extracted by distillation in water and using a Clevenger. At that point, MCF-7 and A2780 cancer cells were cultured and propagated, and the cytotoxicity of the essential oil in concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 100, 125, 250 and 500 μg / ml for 24 and 48 hours based on colorimetric test (MTT). Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the essential oil at concentrations of 1, 0.7, 0.5, 0.2 and 0.08 mg/ml was investigated using the free radical scavenging test (DPPH). Collected data were analyzed using the statistical test of two-way analysis of variance and using Graph Pad Prism statistical software. 

 The results of the present study indicated that Foeniculum vulgare mill seed essential oil significantly reduced the growth of MCF-7 and A2780 cancer cells compared to the control group in many concentrations used (especially high concentrations) within 24 and 48 hours. The toxicity of the essential oil was higher for MCF-7 cell line in all concentrations except 10 μg / ml within 24 hours, and in 48 hours, the essential oil was more toxic for MCF-7 cell line in all concentrations. The IC50 of the essential oil during 24 and 48 hours for MCF-7 was 94.3 and 61.7 μg/ml, respectively, while the essential oil had no IC50 for the A2780 cell line. It was as well found that fennel seed essential oil had antioxidant activity in all concentrations used in a concentration-dependent manner.

 The results of the present study indicated that Foeniculum vulgare essential oil in different concentrations can have significant anti-proliferative effects on MCF-7 breast cancer and A2780 ovarian cancer cell lines.

Over the past 15 years, significant insights have been gained into the roles of miRNAs in cancer. In various cancers, miRNAs can act as oncogenes, tumor suppressors, or control the metastasis process by modulating the expression of numerous target genes. The aim of the present study was to identify molecular network of miRNA-mRNA regulating lung cancer invasion, by bioinformatics approaches.

In this experimental study that was done in 2022, gene expression profiles of patients with lung cancer were collected from the RNASeq data of Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), by TCGAbiolinks package. Differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs were identified using “limma” and “edgeR” R packages and their targets were predicted by 2 databases; miRWalk, and Targetscan. Subsequently, the interaction regulatory network of miRNA-mRNA visualized using Cytoscape software. Data analysis was performed using Testing Multiple Hypotheses and False Discovery Rate.

The results of bioinformatics analysis of the lung cancer invasion specific miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, showed that six hub miRNAs including; hsa-let-7c-5p, hsa-let-7b-5p, hsa-let-7e-5p, hsa-miR-6838-5p, hsa-miR-320b and hsa-miR-4458, are regulator of the lung cancer invasion up-regulated genes and four hub miRNAs are regulator of this situation down-regulated gene including; hsa-miR-92a-3p, hsa-miR-204-5p ,hsa-miR-24-3p and hsa-miR-506-3P.

The results in our study suggest that a specific miRNA-mRNA network is associated with the lung cancer invasion which this new insight into the molecular mechanism of lung cancer invasion result in the identification of molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this malignancy.

Decreased bone density, especially in women, is a health risk factor; therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a resistance training course with vitamin D supplementation on bone absorption markers in girls.

The participants of the present semi experimental study were 24 non-athlete girls in Boroujerd (mean age 21.6 ± 2.04 years, mean height 155 ± 5.5 cm and average weight 64.13 64 4.9 kg) who participated voluntarily and were randomly divided into four groups of six (resistance training, vitamin D intake, resistance training with vitamin D intake and control group). Resistance training consisting of eight weeks (three one-hour sessions per week) was performed in accordance with the principle of overload. The participants were given Vitamin D supplementation for eight weeks (once a week) using vitamin D tablets (8 pearl IU50000) with 300 ml of water. Blood samples were taken 48 hours before the beginning of the protocol and 48 hours after the end of the last session to measure the serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. ANCOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the hypotheses.

The results indicated that after eight weeks of resistance training, as well as eight weeks of resistance training with vitamin D, a significant increase in serum calcitonin concentration (p=0.001) and a decrease in serum parathyroid hormone concentration (p=0.001) Occurred.

It seems that resistance activity and vitamin D consumption increases calcitonin and decreases Parathormone in sedentary girls, which probably has a positive effect on bone mass.

Domestic violence has been one of the most common social harms throughout human history, and due to its widespread effect, the pathology and treatment of this phenomenon has always been the focus of therapists. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of the revised protocol of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy on psychological distress and immunoglobulin A concentration in women victims of domestic violence.

The present semi-experimental study conducted in 2019 used a pre-test-post-test method with a control group. The statistical population included women who were victims of domestic violence referring to the Family Court, Health House, Warm House and Counseling Centers in Alborz, Karaj Province, and 40 people were randomly selected from among these people by available sampling and divided into two experimental and control groups. Data were collected by domestic violence questionnaire, psychological distress and immunoglobulin concentration level test in three stages and one-month follow-up for both groups. In the experimental group, the cognitive-behavioral protocol focused on trauma was implemented during 8 sessions (one 90-minute session per week). The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests of analysis of covariance and repeated measures analysis.

The findings indicated that cognitive behavioral therapy focused on trauma between the two groups for the components of depression F=35.62 at the 0.001 level, anxiety F=32.38 at the level of 0.001, and stress F=25.96 at the 0.001 level. The level of 0.001 psychological distress has created a significant difference at the level of 0.001, F = 11.85.

Based on the results obtained from the present research, it can be acknowledged that the revised protocol of cognitive-behavioral therapy focused on trauma reduces psychological distress and increases immunoglobulin A in women who are victims of domestic violence.

Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide problem causing health threats. Escherichia coli is one of the most important bacteria that causes resistance problems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of Escherichia coli, a extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing CTX-M and SHV, in hospital and non-hospital clinical specimens in Isfahan.

In the present cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in 2019, 100 samples of hospital and non-hospital of Escherichia coli strains were collected and confirmatory biochemical tests were performed to identify these strains. Resistance of strains to common antibiotics was assessed by disk diffusion method according to CLSI instructions. To perform phenotypic confirmation test of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing strains, the combined disk method based on CLSI instructions was used. PCR was performed with specific primers to examined of encoding genes presence of SHV and CTX-M. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests based on one-way analysis of variance and independent t-test.

From the studied samples, the highest antibiotic resistance was related to cefotaxime (45%) and the least antibiotic resistance was related to cefepime (39%). The results of the initial screening test showed that out of 100 Escherichia coli approved by differential tests, 38 (38%) were resistant to cephalosporin representatives and possibly produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. Among these samples, 33 (86.8%) after Combined disk method were confirmed as extended spectrum beta–lactamases (ESBL) producing, of which 69.7% (23 strains) had both genes encoding CTX- M and SHV had 15.2% (5 strains) of the gene encoding CTX-M and 12.1% (4 strains) had the gene encoding SHV. In one sample (3%) none of the genes encoding CTX-M and SHV were present.

Based on the performed experiments and statistical analysis on hospital and non-hospital isolates, it was concluded that the SHV and CTX-M beta-lactamase genes in Escherichia coli had a significant increase in frequency. There was a significant relationship between SHV and CTX-M genes in hospital and non-hospital samples, so that the frequency of SHV and CTX-M genes in Escherichia coli was higher in hospital samples than non-hospital samples. There was no significant relationship between the genes identified and the type of isolates collected.

Evaluation of training courses has an effective role to prevent wastage of resources and improve the quality of work. So far, the evaluation of the short-term electronic training course for medical students to prepare for the clinical competency exams of the general medicine course has not been done. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the electronic training course for medical students to prepare for the clinical competency exams.

The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2020-2021 and Kirkpatrick's model was used to evaluate the course. The statistical population included 69 students in the internship stage, who entered the study. Students' satisfaction was determined by means of a valid and reliable researcher satisfaction form, their learning rate was determined by using 17 tests designed by the academic staff of the university and its validity and reliability were confirmed, their behavior was designed by analyzing the results of the clinical competence test. Its validity was confirmed by preparing a two-dimensional table for the supply and reliability test. The study population was medical students of the internship stage of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, who were selected by the full number method. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation.

The total satisfaction of the course in the first period of the course was 4.03 with a standard deviation of 0.12 and in the second period was 4.11 with a standard deviation of 0.15. A total of 35 students participated in 8 exams in the first course and 34 students participated in 17 exams in the second course. The number of admissions in the first clinical competency test was 15 and in the second clinical competency test was 25.

Students' satisfaction with participating in this course was appropriate and participation in this course increased the acceptance rate of students in the clinical competency test. It is suggested to provide conditions for students of other universities to participate in this course.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis or leishmaniasis in Iran is caused by two species of Leishmania parasites including: L. major and L. tropica. In recent years, the disease has been reported in different parts of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province. Due to the huge differences in the type of animal reservoirs and biological carriers, identifying the causative agent can be effective in the necessary planning to control the disease. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the causative species of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province, Iran, by molecular

a retrospective study. Methods The present cross-sectional and retrospective descriptive study was conducted to determine the species of Leishmania, 52 samples of smears stained with Giemsa dye were collected from different laboratories in the cities of the province between 2013 and 2017 and were examined using light microscope for the presence of Leishman's body. After extracting the DNA present on the surface of slides, using specific primers LINR4 and LIN17, the species of Leishmania parasite was identified by PCR method. The data were analyzed using chi-score statistical test.

Out of 52 samples with cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions, 26 (50%) were male and 26 (50%) were female. The mean age of the participants in the study was 23.32 years (with a standard deviation of ±18.42). Out of 52 samples, parasitic amastigotes (Leishman's body) were observed in 36 cases (69.2%) by direct observation using a light microscope and 43 samples (82.7%) were positive for PCR. Infectious species in all residents of Dehdasht and Yasuj were L. major and L. tropica in Gachsaran.

the results of the present study indicated that L.major and L.tropica species were the cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Dehdasht, Yasuj, and Gachsaran. Therefore, further studies are suggested to identify vectors and reservoirs of cutaneous leishmaniasis parasites in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran.

 Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as loosing at least 2 pregnancies before 20th weeks of gestation. Besides all the known causative factors, in about half of the cases, the causing factor, remains unknown. In recent years, some studies have shown the role of candidate genes polymorphisms in RPL. CDH1 is one of these candidate genes that plays critical role in embryo implantation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relation between rs16260 of this gene with RPL.

In the present case-control study that was conducted between 2018-2019, 120 women suffering from recurrent unexplained miscarriage and 120 women with no history of infertility and miscarriage and having at least one healthy child who were referred by a gynecologist to a private medical genetics laboratory in were referred to Tabriz, were included in the study as patient and control groups. The studied polymorphism was checked by ARMS-PCR method and the results were analyzed using the chi-square test using SPSS version 26 software. (P˂0.05)

The frequencies of AA, AC and CC genotypes in the case group were 4(3.3%), 36(23.3%) and 76(73.4%) and in the control group were 8(6.7%), 28(30%) and 88(63.3%) respectively. P-Value=0.201

Based on the analyzes performed in the multiplicative and additive models, there was no significant relationship between the presence of polymorphism and recurrent miscarriage.

Patient participation in treatment decision-making has become a political necessity in many countries and health systems around the world. At the global level, how to deal with cancer patients has found a different approach. Considering that cancer affects a person's physical, mental and social health, patient-centered care can be one of the proper approaches for cancer patients. The purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate the barriers to participation in the treatment of breast cancer patients in Iran.

The present qualitative study was conducted in 2021.The data were collected using semi-structured interviews with the cooperation of 15 breast surgeons and 300 breast cancer patients who visited doctors' offices and clinics at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Gilan, and Kerman. Sampling of patients was done by cluster random method, 20 patients for each doctor. The validity and reliability of the questions were verified using the opinions of 15 experts. To end with, coding and classification of data was done using the paradigm model in the grand theory way. The data were analyzed using SPSS24 software and qualitative methods in Grand Theory.

The result of the present research indicated that the fear and anxiety of patients is the most important factor in non-cooperation and weak participation of patients during treatment. Patients’ lack of awareness and insufficient information was the second obstacle in poor participation in treatment decision making. Moreover, the findings indicated that the treatment costs had no effect on the continuation of the treatment process and the type of treatment chosen despite the occurrence of many problems for the patients.

The results of the present study indicated that fear and anxiety, not having enough information about the disease and financial problems are among the most important factors affecting patients' participation in treatment.

 Prostate cancer is one of the most common visceral cancers in men. One of the methods used for early diagnosis of this disease and before its symptoms appear is screening with the help of prostate specific antigen measurement. Another factor that increases prostate specific antigen is prostate infections. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of ofloxacin on the amount of prostate specific antigen in men with high antigen. 

In the present descriptive-analytical study conducted in 2019, 224 men with specific antigen higher than 4 nanograms were evaluated by administering 200 mg of ofloxacin every 12 hours for 10 days. Exclusion criteria included age less than fifty or more than 75 years, history of sensitivity to fluoroquinolones, history of recent prostate manipulation, use of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, and known cases of prostate cancer. After ten days of taking the drug, the prostate specific antigen was measured for the second time and the results were evaluated using vital statistics tests. In all patients, a complete urine test and prostate examination were performed through the intestine. The collected data were analyzed using Chi-square statistical tests.

 The average age of the patients was 61.18 years and the average antigen level before antibiotic administration was 26.3 (21.9±97.4). In 120 patients (53.57%) after taking antibiotics, the antigen level decreased to a certain extent, which eliminated the need for biopsy, and in the remaining patients, biopsy was performed, and 65 cases of prostate cancer and 39 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia were reported. In 114 patients (50.89%), pyuria was shown in the urine test.

The present study indicated that in a patient who has active urine (pyuria) and the prostate examination is normal, it is possible to delay the decision on prostate biopsy and start antibiotics for the patient. Moreover, if there was a significant drop in the amount of antigen, the patient continued taking antibiotic and avoided unnecessary biopsy. Otherwise, antibiotics are useless in an asymptomatic patient with a complete urine test that is normal, but with high antigen.