فصلنامه علوم پیراپزشکی و توانبخشی
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1401)

Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases and the most common disease related to metabolism in humans. Diabetic nephropathy, one of the dangerous complications of diabetes, has a relatively high prevalence in diabetic patients and causes kidney failure. Several factors have an effect on this disorder. The aim of this study was to determine the cumulative probability of occurrence of nephropathy complication of type 2 diabetes using survival analysis.

This study was a historical cohort study of survival analysis, which was conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner in 2019. The required sample size was estimated at 410 patients. Data were calculated using Stata.ver14 software and descriptive tests and then by Kaplan Meyer method and Cox survival proportional hazards model.

The variables of regular visits and smoking showed a significant relationship with the chance of nephropathy complications (p<0.05). Therefore, the chance of nephropathy complications in people who did not have regular visits was 1.03 times that of people who had regular visits. The Log-Rank test showed that the median survival time (months) of the occurrence of nephropathy is related to the variables of fasting blood sugar, blood pressure, systolic, and blood lipids.

With early diagnosis of diabetes and control of the factors that accelerate the development of diabetic nephropathy and effective and timely treatments, it is possible to reduce the progress of the disease and it can be used in the field of prevention and treatment of diabetic patients and prevention of subsequent lesions and complications.

Frozen shoulder syndrome is a condition that causes pain and limited movement in the glenohumeral joint. Various treatments such as steroid injections, anesthesia manipulation and physical therapy have been introduced to improve the symptoms of this complication. Among these methods, various types of physical therapy are important because they are non-invasive. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Cadman exercises and scapular rhythm on some postural factors in women with frozen shoulder.

In this quasi-experimental study, 30 women with frozen shoulder with an age range of 40 to 60 years in Ilam city, were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two equal groups, Cadman exercises (15 women) and scapular rhythm exercises (15 women) based on inclusion criteria. Both groups performed their exercises for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and 30 to 40 minutes per session. Before and after the training intervention, the amount of forward head and round shoulder were assessed by imaging using Kinovea software and kyphosis with flexible ruler. After checking the normality of the data by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, ANCOVA statistical method considering the error of the type I, α = 0.05, data analysis was performed.

The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two training programs of Cadman and scapular rhythm in the variable of forward head (P=0.478) and kyphosis (P=0.215). But in the round shoulder variable, the results showed a significant difference between Cadman training program and scapular rhythm (P=0.001).

The scapular rhythm training program has performed better in improving the round shoulder position of women with frozen shoulder due to its positive effect on the balance of the muscles around the scapula and the position of the scapula. Because movements of glenohumeral such as external rotation and abduction affect the position of the scapula, scapular rhythm exercises can reduce the symptoms of affected people by improving the round shoulder position and scapular position.

Some patients with vertigo also experince oscillopsia. Oscillopsia is an important factor in falling and imbalance of patients with vestibular vertigo due to decrease in visual acuity during movements. The presence of Oscillopsia can increase patients' problems. The objectives of this study were evaluation of Oscillopsia in patients with vertigo with interview, Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and evaluations of vestibular ocular reflexes.

First, we identified 50 patients with vertigo and Oscillopsia with interviews. Then, patients were evaluated by Dizziness Handicap Inventory, dynamic visual acuity (DVA) and video head impulse test (vHIT). These results and other characteristics such as age, sex and duration of vertigo were evaluated.

The mean age was 50.8 (±16.9) years old. 68% were female and 54% had chronic vertigo. All of the study population were diagnosed with Oscillopsia at the interview. Some of patients were unable to perform DVAT and fill DHI. vHIT was performed in all patients. It showed bilateral, unilateral deficits and normal results in 31 (62%), 13 (26%) and 6 (12%), respectively. Although, the deficits were observed in some canals and not all of them.

These results show that different factors have a role in Oscillopsia. Also, the severity of Oscillopsia is different in many patients.

Movement is considered a system that is made up of several elements, each of which has a relatively unique basic function necessary for the production and regulation of movement. Sometimes, repetitive movement and sustained postures causes to move away from the normal state. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between scapular movement impairment and shoulder girdle strength and range of motion in professional male volleyball players.

120 men volleyball players (mean ± SD, age: 23.25±3.23 years, weight: 88.11±8.14 kg and height: 192.78±8.63cm) participated in this study. Participants classified according to the obvious scapular movement impairment during scapular dyskinesis test and Kibler shoulder lateral slip test. For measure the strength and range of motion handheld power meter and goniometer were used respectively. Scapulohumeral rhythm used to measure with inclinometer. Shapiro- Wilk test was used to check the data normality. Pearson correlation (p<0.05) was used to analyze data.

The results showed, there was a significant relationship between movement impairment and range of motion of the shoulder extension (p=0.001), (r=-0.752), Internal rotation (p=0.003), (r=-0.554), strength scapula downward rotation (p=0.003), (r=-0.482), elevation (p= 0.029), (r = 0.286) and  Depression (p=0.003), (r=0.460) Scaption (p=0.003),(r =0.137), scapula protraction (p=0.001), (r=0.534), and retraction (p=0.002), (r=-0.649) and scapulohumeral rhythm 0°, 90°, 135°(p= 0.001), (r=0.583, 0.581, 0.583) and 45° (p=0.003), (r=0.580). However, there was no significant relationship between movement impairment, rang of motion of the shoulder flexion, external rotaion, adduction and abduction, strength of the shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation, and horizontal adduction. (p>0.05)

According to the results pattern of repetitive movement in the sport of volleyball, in long duration may disturb the balance of natural ratio of strength, range of motion and scapulohumeral rhythm in the shoulder girdle and scapula reign.

With regard to the importance and effect of physical activities on different body systems, fortunately, the number of people using fitness clubs has increased significantly during the past few years. However, the number of injuries has also increased, which there are no accurate data available about these injuries. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the common physical injuries among the fitness club users to develop a strategic management plan to prevent injury.

The population of this study consisted of all members of the Palladium club in Isfahan (6800 users), which 364 members among them voluntarily participated in this study. Data related to injuries were collected by an injury report form. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (number and percentage).

The results of the present study showed that overexertion/strenuous/unnatural resulted in 36.8% of the injuries, followed by the crushed by falling/dropped weights 21.5%, falling while participating in group classes 10.9%, bad landing or twist during exercise 10.4%. About 45.1% of the injuries occurred during exercise with weights, followed by 17.3 % in group classes (aerobics), 9.9% while using the treadmill. Regarding the type of injuries, knees injuries and pain in the knees and patellofemoral syndrome was most common (19.7%) followed by the pain of the calf area, including shin splint (18/6%), pain of the wrist area and sprain in the wrist, straining the wrist tendons (17.8%) had the most injuries. Between the users of fitness clubs lower extremities (43.5%) was the most common anatomical site that was injured and followed by the upper extremities (34.7%), the spine (15.3 %), and head and neck (6.5 %).

It can be concluded that the number of injuries in fitness club users is very high, so the information of this study has to be used to develop a systematic prevention program to maximize the performance and health of the users using effective management

The shoulder joint is one of the most susceptible joints to injury. Frozen shoulder complication is one of the most common symptoms of shoulder pain and disability. Following this injury, the shoulder becomes flat and immobile and becomes inactive. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise therapy with and without shock wave therapy on pain and range of motion in patients with frozen shoulder.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with two experimental groups and one control group, which was performed with a practical purpose in this field. For this purpose, 40 men and women with frozen shoulder were divided into two groups of 13 people with exercise therapy with and without complementary shock wave therapy and a control group of 14 people. Then, the amount of shoulder pain was assessed using a CMS questionnaire and range of motion with a goniometer. Subjects then performed experimental exercises for six weeks. Finally, post-test and pre-test were measured from the subjects. Statistical analysis of data was performed using analysis of covariance and LSD post hoc test after data information collection with SPSS software version 22.

The results of analysis of covariance showed that there was a significant difference between the three groups in all variables of range of motion and pain (p<0.05). Therefore, we used the LSD post hoc test to examine the differences between the groups. The results of LSD post hoc test showed that in all ranges of shoulder range of motion and also the amount of shoulder pain, only a significant difference was observed between the training and shock wave groups with the control group and also between the training group without shock wave and control (p<0.05). However, this difference between the two experimental groups was not significant in any of the changes (p>0.05).

The results showed that therapeutic exercise without shock wave supplementation and with shock wave supplementation can improve the pain and range of motion of patients with frozen shoulder, and trainers, occupational therapists and physiotherapists can use these exercises to improve the pain and range of motion of affected patients with frozen shoulder.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system which leads to myelin destruction and dysfunction in nerve conduction. Reducing nervous stimulation and decreased muscle strength are debilitating symptoms and complications of the disease. Practicing therapy is a very important therapeutic approach to reduce the symptoms of the disease, to reduce the level of disability and to improve the independence of MS patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of combined exercises on neural drive, strength of women with MS.

Twenty female MS patients were selected and randomly assigned in to the experimental group (mean ± SD; age 38.7 ± 7.24 years, height 1.56 ± 5.84 cm and weight 46.1 ± 9.87 kg) and control group (mean ± SD; age 40.1 ± 5.64 years, height 1.58 ± 6.04 cm, and weight 55.5 ± 11 kg). The combined exercise program (flexibility, strength, balance, central stability, agility and plyometric) was performed for 8 weeks, 3 times per week, 45 min per session for the experimental group. In order to investigate the neural drive of the rectus femoris muscle, vastus lateralis muscle and semitendinosus muscle (Electromyography), muscular strength of quadriceps and hamstring muscles (Biodex). Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA test (p<0.05).

Eight weeks, combined exercise significantly improved in the neural drive of the rectus femoris muscle (p<0.05), vastus lateralis muscle (p<0.05) and semitendinosus muscle (p<0.05). Also, the exercise protocol significantly improved the strength of quadriceps muscles (p<0.05) and knee hamstrings of patients (p<0.05) with MS (p<0.05).

According to the present study, combined exercises can be used to improve the symptoms of muscle weakness and increase nervous excitability in people with MS. It could be recommended as a modality for this patient.

The importance and place of mobile phones in today's human life is not hidden from anyone. Concerns about the increasing use of them in different ages from children to adults and the increase in the duration of exposure of these groups to electromagnetic waves (mobile phone radiation) caused by them, which is mainly in the range of 900-1800 MHz, concerns much has been made about their side effects in recent years.  Due to the importance of the subject of this review study, the effects of mobile phone radiation on different parts of the body such as the brain, heart and other tissues.

The present review study was performed by selecting appropriate keywords and searching for experimental and applied studies from Pubmed and Google scholar databases. In this paper, the effects of mobile phone radiation emitted from a mobile phone on brain function, cardiac evaluation parameters, their effects on testicular and prostate tissue in male rats, effects on movement, bioavailability and DNA integrity of human sperm and changes  Pulmonary uptake of MIBI -   was investigated in male rats.

Eleven articles were selected based on inclusion criteria from 2011 to 2021. These studies were mainly experimental studies that examined the effects of mobile electromagnetic radiation on the function of tissues and organs of organisms.

Studies show that cell phone-induced electromagnetic waves affect brain tissue temperature, neuron density, and nucleus diameter in mouse hippocampal neurons, gene expression levels in the rat brain and some brain-related activities such as cumulative response, dependence, and extent. Noise in irradiated chickens, cardiac parameters, sinus arrhythmia, testicular and prostate tissue structure in male rats as well as movement, survival and DNA integrity of human sperm, pulmonary absorption of MIBI -   in rats  affects males and blood factors of mice.a

Low back pain is a common debilitating condition and an important clinical and socio-economic issue in most industrial and non-industrial communities. There are several methods for low back pain rehabilitation, but achieving shorter, simpler methods is a requirement of today's industrialized societies. The aim of this study was to review the effect of exercise rehabilitation protocols on pain and functional disability in people with nonspecific low back pain.

Literature search between years of 2010 and 2021 and from domestic search engines such as Iran Medex, ISC, SID, Magiran, Irandoc, Doaj, Google Scholar using the keywords including chronic low back pain, rehabilitation, protocol, training, pain and functional disability were used to find related articles.

A total of 16 high quality articles were selected for inclusion criteria. These studies mainly led to the impact of the protocol. The training sections focused on pain and functional disability in people with non-specific chronic low back pain.

According to the studies reviewed in the present study, it seems that exercise rehabilitation protocols that activate and strengthen the muscles of the central region of the body, especially the multifidus, supraspinatus, diaphragm and pelvic floor muscles, improve pain. Functional disability is nonspecific in people with chronic low back pain.