مجله جغرافیا و توسعه
پیاپی 68 (پاییز 1401)

When cities become the property of the municipality or the government, people do not feel a sense of belonging and responsibility as tenants of the city. For this reason, the municipality has to bear the cost of running and managing the city. The costs of managing and maintaining these collections are often met in the worst possible way. But if people feel belonging and start building places, they will accept the cost and responsibility of running the city. To test this hypothesis, the current study aimed to assess the reasons and contexts for this spirit by examining the views of people who are best prepared to manage and administer the city. The study method was descriptive and analytical. The required data were collected from a sample of 383 households in 13 urban neighborhoods of Mashhad. These data were analyzed using Spearman, regression, Friedman and ANOVA correlation coefficients. The results showed that the people who are most prepared to participate in the city administration process live in certain neighborhoods. In these neighborhoods, the perceptual-semantic, social, managerial-policy, physical and economic dimensions have suitable conditions. The prioritization of the relevant dimensions shows that the sense of belonging and ownership of the place has played a much greater role than the physical and managerial actions of the neighborhoods. Therefore, the best driver for the participation and presence of the people in the administration of the city is its administration by the people and with the help of the government.

Livelihood-based housing helps diversify livelihoods by creating the conditions for home-based businesses in rural areas, thereby increasing rural incomes and employment.This factor along with a set of factors and variables inside and outside the system can help to stabilize the population and reduce migration in rural areas. In this intertwined complex, the extent and role of factors in stabilizing the population and reducing rural migration is unclear. The purpose of this article is to determine the impact and role of each factor, especially livelihood-based housing on the stabilization of rural population. For this purpose, the provinces were divided into three groups based on the share of rural Livelihood units and two provinces were selected from each category and a total of 6 provinces. In each province, one city and two to three villages and in total 13 villages and 332 households were selected as a sample and data were collected using a questionnaire. Findings showed that among the various factors that directly and indirectly play a role in stabilizing the rural population, livelihood-based housing with a higher impact factor explains the dependent variable. While statistics and information show a decrease in this type of housing in rural areas. Therefore, it is suggested that by modifying the existing processes and procedures and creating coordination and support for such housing, action be taken to develop livelihood-based housing in rural areas.

Considering the population density in Tehran as the capital of the country, the sensitivity of hospital use and its effective role in ensuring the health of the individual and society, identifying suitable places to build a hospital is an important and necessary thing in urban planning and design. District 4 of Tehran is known as one of the most populous, extensive, immigrant and most construction areas in Tehran. The purpose of this study is to select a suitable location for the establishment of hospital centers and to investigate the optimal distribution of hospitals in District 4 of Tehran using new methods, models and according to the effective criteria in locating medical centers. In this research, first, descriptive-analytical method was used to collect information and effective indicators in locating hospital centers were extracted. Then, using ANP method, the purpose, criteria and sub-criteria were examined and finally the layers were analyzed. Then, using ARC GIS software and the overlap model, suitable centers for the construction of the hospital were determined. Among the locations extracted from GIS software, the most suitable location for the construction of the hospital was determined using the colonial competition algorithm (ICA) and the implementation of this algorithm in MATLAB software. Then, using the Q method, statements related to the desirability of the final location were extracted. Also, by asking experts about the propositions related to the desirability of the chosen location, 13 propositions were extracted and categorized into 5 attitudes using exploratory factor analysis in SPSS software

In fact determine a reliable models and selection of inputs with proper temporal delay for river flow forecasting is a key topic for watershed managers, hydrologists, river engineers. In recent decades use of intelligent algorithms and fuzzy collection theories for modeling of hydrological phenomena that have complexity and uncertainly, has been noticed by researchers. In this regard, in the present study was used adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and different input patterns of flow discharge (with daily time steps up to 7 days ago) in order to river flow forecast of Kasilian catchment. Then in order to further investigate of this process artificial neural network (ANN) model was used and the results were evaluated using quantitative statistics including coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE). In ANFIS model the results of river flow prediction was improved up 4-day step and afterward decreased while in ANN up 5-day step improved. Evaluation of quantitative statistics values for the best patterns of two models applied during validation period indicated that ANFIS (R2 = 0.60, RMSE = 0.64) had high accuracy than ANN (R2 = 0.51, RMSE = 1.74) in river flow forecasting.

In this study relation between average minimum and maximum of temperature and rainfall as independent variables of 223 synoptic meteorological stations in Iran and wheat yield as dependent variable in 223 regions during the statistical period of 2017-2017 in the monthly time scale of the growing season and the total growth period was investigated. In data analysis, spatial statistics analysis methods in Arc/GIS 10.4.1 software were used, using Moran autocorrelation test, and geographic weighted regression their spatial relationships were tested. The result of Moran index showed that spatial distribution of wheat yield follows cluster pattern. Analysis Geographic weighted regression has showed rainfall has remarkable effect on wheat yield. In addition, analysis showed rainfall has positive effects on wheat yield especially in dry and warm regions of Central, and Southeastern. The results showed the positive effect of temperature increase on wheat yield, which gradually decreased toward the southern parts in proportion to the decrease in altitude and increase in temperature. So that the effect of increasing daily temperatures (maximum) in cold mountainous areas is positive, while in east, central and southern parts of Iran negative effects of temperature over wheat yield were seen due to heat stress. Therefore, in hot and semi-warm regions of the country, increasing the temperature along with increasing rainfall can have a positive effect on wheat yield. In these areas, it is better to cultivate wheat in the highlands or in cold weather and used irrigation systems to reduce drought stress at critical stages of wheat growth.

Accurate calculation of the amount of solar radiation in an area has an effective role in the climatology and agriculture of the region. Point measurements at ground stations using pyranometers are the most accurate method of estimating solar radiation, in which measurements are extended to a continuous surface using spatial interpolation methods. The main purpose of this study is to increase the accuracy of solar radiation zoning in Iran using Cokriging method. For this purpose, the amount of solar radiation was first calculated using the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and the Solar Radiation spatial toolbox in ArcGIS software. Then the correlation coefficient(R) between the obtained values from the software with the values of solar radiation measured at ground stations was calculated. According to R = 0.713 between these two data, by Cokriging method, these two data were combined and the continuous surface of solar radiation for the whole of the country was calculated. The results showed that the calculation of solar radiation using Area Solar GIS tool is not accurate enough compared to ground data, but the combination of the two data, while affecting the topography in the calculation of solar radiation, increases the interpolation accuracy by 11%. Therefore, although existing models may not be accurate enough to estimate solar radiation on a national scale compared to terrestrial data, they can be used to improve the accuracy of terrestrial data zoning. According to the final map, most regions of the country receive solar radiation above the global average (340 w/m2).

In the Mashhad metropolis, due to issues such as tourism, the increase number of cars 4.5 times in the last decade, the increase amount of environmental pollutants caused by transportation, the increase number of sedentary and overweight citizens and in general the unsuitability of livability of this metropolis the need to support clean and human-centered transportation has felt. Creating a desirable and environmentally friendly pedestrian axis can play an important role in improving pedestrian streets. What can play an effective role in planning these spaces and to cover the mentioned goals of urban planners, is to propose a solution that can be adapted to the material and spiritual needs of citizens.For this purpose, using the questionnaire and methods of analysis AHP and SAW, we have examined the sights and expectations of the urban community of an optimal pedestrian axis that effective in a new urban lifestyle.The ratio of increased daily activity of citizens after the addition of greenways to the urban transportation system is more than 3 times. In addition the results show that greenways can be a platform for change in urban lifestyle and the tendency to walk and daily activities and increase the economic value of the land by 23%. In addition, the use of vegetation, the allocation of a special bicycle lane and the consideration of crowded places in the planning of pedestrian spaces can play an important role in increasing the desire of citizens to be present in these spaces on foot.