فصلنامه برنامه ریزی و آمایش فضا
سال بیست و ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 116، تابستان 1401)

One of the powerful perspectives that studies spatial developments from the perspective of political relations and power is the political economy of space, which, by criticizing capitalist relations, considers the formation of spaces and their developments in order to facilitate capitalist relations. In other words, neoliberal strategies that are rooted in the psyche of cities today and have almost certainly been integrated with the mechanisms of the capitalist system, have reproduced urban spaces closely under the influence of political and economic forces to facilitate capitalist relations; Therefore, the production of space is a phenomenon in order to strengthen the relations of accumulation, turnover, profit, etc. as the main components of capitalism. Therefore, the logic of political economy has always been emphasized as an inevitable thing for the genealogy of any kind of bias towards the urban future of Tehran; A future that has been transformed into a city of "Mall" on a bed affected by the transformation of the urban space. Therefore, the question arises that what is the reason for the sudden emergence of "large commercial complexes and Mall" as an emerging phenomenon in Tehran? And what is the process of its formation? The dominant strategy in this research is a qualitative strategy based on the problem defined in the researcher's mind. The research method is descriptive-explanatory with emphasis on critical discourse analysis method.

The theory of the production of space involves the interaction of ideas (representations), locality (physical features), and human practice (lived life). Accordingly, it is assumed that space is not a fixed container, but a social product that is repeatedly produced and negotiated by human beings. They transform the designed space and make it closer to the lived space. In the present study,  Lefebvre's notion of lived space was used to explore how users of the city centre of Rasht produce spaces of high-quality urban life. The presented results are based on the survey method. In addition to a paper questionnaire and evaluative mapping, the data were collected through unstructured conversations with respondents and walk-by observations. Analysis of the data was performed based on descriptive and inferential statistics. To conclude, this study showed that users of the city centre of Rasht give meaning to their lived everyday spaces by consciously choosing their leisure place and through special practices. They perform these practices in places with distinct physical characteristics (scenic quality, symbolic places). Moreover, constructing the notion of ‘sociability’ with friends and acquaintances through leisure, the users have meaningful social ties. In addition, from the users' point of view, the formation of spaces of high-quality urban life is interpreted through the seven desirable characteristics of green spaces, historical areas, activities, natural surveillance, sense of ownership, human scale, and management and maintenance.

The tourism industry is one of the ten most influential industries in economic development in most countries. To this end, major research from various perspectives on this industry has been conducted and is ongoing at all international, national and regional levels. One of these areas of research that plays an important role in micro and macro policy making of decision makers is the issue of ranking different regions. In this research, the provinces of the country are ranked based on operational indicators. These indicators have been developed in this research by studying the samples of valid researches, interviews, field researches and valid national statistics of the country. The result of this identification was 18 operational and performance indicators whose information was accessible and validated in the country. It should be noted that in this study to develop tourism indicators, a wider range of well-known literature called tourism and travel (T&T) has been considered. After identifying the indicators that can be a valid reference for future research, the provinces are ranked by two multi-criteria decision-making tools, TOPSIS and Macbeth. These algorithms are developed in the MATLAB programming environment. Finally, the result of the two methods was that the algorithms confirm each other's ranking in more than 90% of cases. In addition, the provinces of Tehran, Mazandaran and Khorasan Razavi have the first to third places.

Evapotranspiration is one of the most important parameters of the water cycle that its correct estimation is important in water resources management, especially in arid and semi-arid climates. With the development of remote sensing, methods were developed to produce evapotranspiration products using satellite data. In this study, the output of evapotranspiration products including GLEAM, GLDAS, and MOD16A2 was compared with the evapotranspiration of the FAO-Penman-Monteith method During wet, normal and dry years in the Zayandehrood basin. , RMSE, BIAS, and IOA statistical indices were used to evaluate the results. Also, Taylor simple skill fusion method was also used to combine the product. The results showed that two products MOD16A2 and GLDAS estimated the rate of reference evapotranspiration compared to the FAO-Penman-Monteith method during the wet, normal and dry years and the GLEAM product less. RMSE values for these products ranged from 37.4 to 47.6, from 136.2 to 141.4, and from 92.8 to 98.7 mm per month, respectively. The error rates of GLEAM and GLDAS were lower in the wet years than in the dry and normal years, while the MOD16A2 product had better performance in the dry years. Also, the results of the products combination showed that the product produced had a better performance than other products in the Basin and in different moisture conditions.

Viability is one of the approaches that seek to create a safe and healthy environment for human societies. Today, cities face many challenges in the economic, social, and environmental fields. At the same time, population growth, along with the growing proportion of urbanization, has had detrimental consequences for cities. Continuation of such urban growth with social, economic, and environmental problems is critical and warns against urban instability. Meanwhile, other problems drastically reduce the quality of life and, consequently, livability in cities. Therefore, today the necessity and importance of the discussion of viability and sustainable development in cities are quite obvious. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the viability of neighborhoods in Yasuj with emphasis on sustainable development. The research method is descriptive-analytical with an applied purpose. The data required for the analysis were collected through a questionnaire and then analyzed using SPSS, ArcMap, Excel, Shannon entropy model, and TOPSIS. The results of calculations and evaluation show that not all neighborhoods of Yasuj have the same viability. The neighborhood Zir-e Juma Bazaar has the highest level of viability whereas Eram neighborhood has the lowest level of viability.

Global competitiveness is the name of the game of our time, and in today's world, competitiveness has become a fundamental force in the urban economy, just like gravity in physics. Today, the competitiveness of cities plays an essential role in the development of cities. Competitiveness arises from a combination of assets and processes. Assets are either a gift, such as natural resources or man-made resources, such as city infrastructure and processes that turn assets into economic benefits for cities and ultimately make them more competitive. With the formation of globalization and networking of the global economy, cities have always found a special place as nodes of network economy, and it is believed that this competition is on a par with national competition.