فصلنامه برنامه ریزی و آمایش فضا
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 120، تابستان 1402)

Cities as a political unit reflect the main lines of power and economic influence. With the same reason it can be argued that urban spaces are a source of power that consists of diverse physical, economic and social spatial layers. In other words, by recognizing and analyzing the existing patterns in the relationship between power and political organization in the city, urban space and planning, can provide the basis for the efficiency of spatial planning. Therefore, the present research, by studying five zone of the city of Urmia, has sought to analyze the physical-social arrangement of power in the cities by using the mentioned indicators.  The research is applied in nature and the method used is descriptive-analytical and the data are collected through library and field (refer to the departments) studies. In order to accomplish the goal, 15 indicators were selected from various factors, and standardized and analyzed through the geographic information system software. Then, in order to be able to analyze the spatial arrangement of power in the five regions of Urmia, the SECA model was implemented in Lingo software with the optimal value of 0.64 and β= 3. The obtained results show that the most power is in Panj, a residential zone of Urmia. In a way that the area consists of villas, commercial complexes, non-profit model schools, newly built buildings with resistant structures, residence of people with high social status such as doctors, capital owners, engineers, residential complexes.

Social transformation and redaction of text related to the society is not possible without having specific goals that is called a paradigm in the semantic sphere. The “Progress” paradigm evolved during the past century by the attempts of Iranian scholars in their confrontation with “development” paradigm that has reached its maturity but requires time to provide the necessary ground for its implementation. Undoubtedly, every paradigm has epistemological foundations, origins, doctrine, and particular goals whose accomplishment needs three systems of governance, philosophical-scientific and cultural systems. The Progress paradigm should be interpreted as intangible behavioral language of Iranian revolution. Formulation of the behavioral language is considered as a strategic planning by Iranian scholars through in the Center of Islamic-Iranian progress pattern. The results of the process carried out, based on Jeanette's analysis method, show that: The paradigm of progress is an attempt to formulate the ideals of the Iranian revolution in the form of a strategic document. The paradigm of progress is based on five principles, namely spatial balance, truth and correctness, livability and territorial resilience, spatial identity, and the precedence seeking to achieve civil process. The progress paradigm has an essential tension compared to the development paradigm

Practical experiments indicate that garbage collection is considered to be one of the most dangerous and inhuman activities. Due to many social implications involved, few people are willing to accept the risk of entering and organizing this field of activity. This is why, several solutions have been proposed and sometimes implemented, still in different regions and cities, all kinds of methods are used by trial and error. This research tries to prioritize these policies and approaches using a descriptive and analytical method. Accordingly, first the current trends are identified and the more effective ones are ranked using expert opinions. The main data was collected from a sample of 30 people and weighed and scored based on their opinions. The required data was obtained through a questionnaire that was validated by experts from the same field and its reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha model (0.83). The data were analyzed using the SWARA method. The results showed that among the policies of social measures, disciplinary, situational and control-elimination programs had a higher position. The status of the proposed strategies in each of these policies also showed that the attention to the demand side is more effective in controlling and organizing garbage collection than supply-oriented approaches.

With the ever-increase in urbanization, the environment and its sustainability has become an essential issue in the urban domain. This article aims to identify and cluster drivers affecting the environmental development of Khorramabad city using a strategic-spatial approach. Data were collected through a documentary survey and analyzed in two parts. In the first, land use changes over 31 years were evaluated using geographic information system software ArcGIS 10.2 and ENVI. The second, the paper identified environmental development drivers using a survey method (questionnaire) in the form of targeted sampling, in which, 62 factors affecting the environmental future of Khorramabad city were collected in 5 general dimensions (economic, socio-cultural, institutional and managerial, environmental, and physical). These factors were then structurally analyzed in the form of a 62x62 meta-intersection matrix using MIC MAC software, and finally 10 key drivers with high impact were identified. The findings showed that improving the level of environmental sustainability of Khorramabad city and other cities depends on adopting a long-term strategy with a view on the principles of sustainable development and passing short-term considerations. In short, a suitable environmental development can be achieved with   the spatial-strategic and participation-oriented planning.

This paper intends to identify and statistically analyze monthly changes in the lethal temperature above 50 degrees Celsius (TU50c) in the Northern Hemisphere. For this purpose, the reanalyzed data related to the maximum temperature up to two meters of the earth's surface was used during the period of 73 years from 1948 to 2020, and after adjustment, analyzed on a monthly basis. Descriptive statistics analysis methods, linear trend analysis and non-parametric Mann-Kendall test are used for evaluating the frequency of such occurrences. During the 73-year study period, 9553 days with minimum temperature of 50 degrees Celsius were identified and their coordinates were extracted. Examining the daily frequency of TU50c in the Northern Hemisphere showed that the months of May and January have had the highest frequency, respectively. Also, the highest increasing trend in the number of fatal temperatures was observed in the months of March, April, July and August. In terms of location, the region that could record the highest frequency and the most intense TU50c was related to Africa especially Sudan, West Asia (between Iraq, Southwest of Iran, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia) and India in the Indian subcontinent. Moreover, these temperatures are not rare in America either; but TU50c has not been reported in Europe and East Asia. The highest and most intense temperatures occurred in the fifth decade, between 1988 and 1998.

Urban planning of pilgrimage cities has always been associated with challenges due to their unique characteristics and under the influence holy places present there. The main goal of the current research is to explain the indicators influencing the texture pattern of pilgrimage cities, considering the tourism capacity there. This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and has been conducted with the descriptive-analytical method. Also, in order to collect data, the method of document-library studies has been used. The results show that in the planning related to change and development in the context of pilgrimage cities, effective indicators should be explained and taken into consideration by decision-makers and planners, and interventions should be made with comprehensive evaluations, appropriate to the genome of such cities and considering the rights of pilgrims and neighbors. In the current research, 19 indicators affecting the texture pattern of pilgrimage cities include privacy and domain, centrality, enclosure, hierarchy, desirable landscape, appropriateness of religious spaces, cultural-entertainment spaces, residential spaces, service-infrastructure, access network, the context around the holy place, environmental resilience, Islamic lifestyle, religious identity, spirituality, safety and security, education, and social interactions were identified. Then, the important rules and considerations in the planning and development of pilgrimage cities were presented based on the explained indicators.