نشریه مطالعات ملی
سال بیست و سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 91، پاییز 1401)

In the Post-modern colonial era with the globalization of cultural concepts  the control of the public opinion of nations by creating identity constructions  and distorting their relative advantages  takes place; because they seek to weaken the civilizational power of their competitors by changing their perception of themselves. This research tries to introduce the identity components of Iranian geography and compare two important periods of Safavid and Islamic Republic history  in terms of examining these elements. The purpose of the research is to identify the unique characteristics of identity and the perception of how these propositions are influenced. The problem of the research is to reread the level of attention paid to the identity characteristics of Iranians in two important eras of national history. The type of research is descriptive and analytical, its approach is comparative and its hypothesis is the growth of identity elements during these two eras  by measuring the level of effort of the Islamic Republic to preserve and strengthen them. The results obtained in the examination of fifteen components: "History, Language, Geography, Government, Politics, Leadership, Enemy, Hero, Ideal, Religion, Rituals, Ceremonies, Science, Art and Ethics" show that in the short term life of the Islamic Republic  despite Emergence of identity obstacles, both internal problems and external obstacles  compared to the era of Safavid rule, more elements have been activated and a more coherent approach has been adopted

Cultivation of religious identity is one of the priorities of educational systems, especially education, which always faces harm. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of vulnerability of the educational system in cultivating students' religious identity.The research method is qualitative. The analytical community is education specialists, principals, educators and teachers of religious education of girls' secondary schools in Tehran who were selected by purposive sampling method based on their experiences, concerns, interest in the subject and participation in the study.The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The method of data analysis was thematic analysis, which was performed simultaneously and continuously with the data collection process. The causal factors of vulnerability in the cultivation of religious identity are: the weakness of educational system policy in various fields, such as: approach, training of human resources, planning of religious education, and the disconnection between effective factors in education. The underlying factors of the vulnerability of religious identity development are: lack of attention to the developmental needs of teenagers, the weakness of families in the religious education of their children, the exclusive and ideological view of the political system on religion. And the intervening factors are: modernism, weak performance of religious institutions, the media, and the group of friends. Therefore, it is necessary to face the vulnerable factors of developing the religious identity of students in the formal and public education system, rethinking the role of the three effective factors in the development of religious identity.

The Supreme Council of Cultural Revolution (SCCR) is one of the decision-making institutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran and many major decisions in the cultural field in Iran are influenced by  SCCR. National identity also appears as a cultural and discursive category in the decisions of the SCCR. Considering the importance of national identity, it is necessary to examine the level of attention of the SCCR to this category. Therefore, this article means to examine the approvals of the SCCR from 2011 to 2021 from the scope of national identity. In this research, national identity is divided into seven social, cultural, historical, political, territorial, religious, literary, and linguistic dimensions, and the mentioned dimensions are tracked in the approvals. To achieve the goal of the research, the operational pattern method of discourse analysis has been used. The analysis of the approvals of the SCCR from the perspective of national identity shows that maintaining national solidarity and cohesion, the rule of Quranic teachings, the spread of the Persian language, the revival of historical memory, the preservation of Islamic Iranian culture, the development of political insight and the attraction of elites under the main axis of Islamic civilization shaped to Iranians national identity. Also, the level of attention paid by the SCCR to all dimensions of national identity has not been the same, and the territorial dimension is the least, and the cultural, literary and religious dimensions have been more important than other dimensions, and the political, social and historical dimensions are in the middle of this vector.

One of the main issues in contemporary societies is the way different groups and ethnicities coexist and interact with each other. This issue is also of interest in the Islamic Republic of Iran, where various groups and ethnicities have lived for many years and centuries. The main problem and question of this article is that according to the thought of Ayatollah Khamenei, what is the relationship between ethnic groups in Iran and the relationship between national, ethnic and religious identity among them? To answer this question, all Ayatollah Khamenei's meetings with people and different groups from ethnic provinces (97 speeches in total) have been analyzed using thematic analysis method. The four main themes extracted from his statements are: 1- foundations and principles for ethnic coexistence, 2- religious beliefs and rites (the basis of religious identity), 3- cultural and social relations and relationships (the basis of ethnic identity), 4- preservation of the land and political-economic progress and participation (the basis of national identity).

The purpose of this research was to compare the role of mass and social media in the sense of commitment to national identity. The research method was applied in terms of achieving the goal and survey in terms of collecting information. The statistical population of the research includes all teenagers (11 to 18 years old) of Ardabil city, numbering 50,000, of which 380 people were selected as a sample using cluster random sampling method. To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire for the media and a standard questionnaire by Selgi et al. (2014) were used for commitment to national identity. Face validity was used to measure the validity of the research tool and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for the reliability of the tool, which was higher than 0.7 for the questionnaires. Data were analyzed through t-test and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) in SPSS software. The results showed that mass and social media play a different role in the commitment of national identity and its dimensions (social, historical, cultural and political) among teenagers. So that the commitment to national identity and its dimensions among teenagers whose dominant media is social is less than teenagers whose dominant media is collective. The results of variance analysis showed that 21.6 percent of cultural affiliation, 29.9 The percentage of historical belonging, 16.9 percent of political belonging and 32.9 percent of social belonging of teenagers is explained through the difference in the effect of the type of media (collective and social). Therefore, it is concluded that the type of media plays a very important role in the commitment to the national identity of teenagers.

In the present research, the collective identities of Arab youth including their national and ethnic identities are examined. A total of 29232 persons who are 18 to 30 years old and reside in Dashte-Azadegan city make up the statistical population for this study. A statistical sample of 379 persons was chosen using simple cluster and random sampling according to Cochran's method. Surveys and a quantitative approach were employed as the study methodology in this investigation. A questionnaire was used to gather data, and SPSS software was used to perform multivariate regression analysis and Pearson correlation tests on the acquired data. The findings demonstrate that factors such as decision-making processes, governmental legitimacy, the usage of new media, social contacts, and perceptive discrimination are all directly and favorably associated to a group's sense of identity (national identity and ethnic identity). Additionally, according to the computed coefficient of determination, the model's variable accounts for around %45.8 of the variation in collective identity. The study also found that ethnic identification is more important to young Arabs in Dashte- Azadegan City than national identity.

During its seven-year period and even in the last century, the Jungle Movement has always faced accusations of separatism, centrifugalism, disobedience to the central government, and etc. On the other hand, the Jangalies in their memoirs and even the “Jangal newspaper” tried to exonerate themselves from this accusation by presenting their views and manifestos and calling the movement a patriotic movement. In this study, reasons for the accusation of separatism of Jangalies are studied and we are faced with this central question: Did Jangalies step in the path of national identity, or separatism? According to their performance, opinions and ideas in historical sources and documents, are their actions defined as a movement towards nationalism and national identity or have they resulted in the historical rupture of Iran? The findings show that during their activities, Jangalies were loyal to their ideals, which were based on Iran's independence, patriotism, and fighting against foreigners. The research method is historical and content analysis of archival documents.

Whenever the architecture moves from the objective bases of the building to the intangible environment of human perception and experience, the experimental perception of the aesthetics becomes difficult since its intangible, transient, and emotional nature makes its internal evaluation by self-consciousness or external evaluation by observation and instruments difficult. Therefore, one of the possible ways to better understand this perception is to pay attention to the subject of identity in architectural works and its role in intensifying the human’s aesthetic experience of the space. Thus, the current study aims to recognize the aesthetic capabilities in Iranian architecture to respond to the users' needs, explore the relationship between their preferences, and adapt them to the identity subjects related to the emotional evaluations caused by the experience of space pleasantness. In this regard, the relationship arises between the determining components of space’s emotional evaluation and the sense of identity and adapting it to the user’s aesthetic preferences based on how the architectural works are experienced? Based on the components and their relevant criteria extracted from the theoretical literature, and using a statistical population including 40 female participants and a researcher-made questionnaire when visiting three select cultural buildings, the data obtained from the scores (Likert’s 5-scale) were analyzed by the regression analysis. The results indicated that the component determining the user’s emotional evaluation is first divided into two main dimensions: 1) emotional states and 2) emotional exchange. An emotional state includes the user's emotional and sensual experience, is determined by the perceptual, cognitive, and motivational components, and is most related to the sense of identity of the architectural works. The emotional exchange is also based on the user’s interaction with his/her spatial experience, which determines the role of sensory-motor and behavioral components as an effective factor in emotional interaction and evaluation resulting from it. This interaction is also indirectly effective on the intensity of space aesthetic preferences under the influence of cognitive components (identity symbol, rooted in tradition, cultural sign, etc.).