مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان
پیاپی 123 (پاییز 1401)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is one of the most valuable imaging techniques in the evaluation of macula. The repeatability and reproducibility of OCT are of crucial importance in reassuring this tool’s efficacy in evaluating the structure of the retina.

This study aims to investigate the repeatability and reproducibility of OCT in measuring the macular thickness in normal eyes before and after pupil dilation.

A total of 44 eyes of healthy individuals in the age range of 20 to 50 years were employed for the measurement of macular thickness in the central 6 mm using the Cirrus SD-OCT tool.

According to ICC, the repeatability of macular thickness was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.95 - 0.96). The mean macular thickness before and after pupil dilation was statistically significant in the nasal quadrant of the outer 6 mm ring (N2) and the inferior quadrant of the outer 6 mm ring (I2) (P=0.0001). The highest repeatability before and after pupil dilation was seen in the nasal quadrant of the inner 3 mm ring (N1) and the central ring (C), respectively.

This study shows that measuring the macular thickness using the Spectral domain cirrus OCT (SD-OCT) has acceptable repeatability and reproducibility. Since the absolute value of the mean difference between the three measurements in the N2 and I2 regions was statistically significant, using a single method (i.e., whether to apply the eye drop) is preferable for follow-ups in cases where the measurements are needed within 3 to 6 mm in center of the macula.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance-aerobic training on the expression of Sema3a and NCAM genes and proteins of Soleus muscle in male rats of different age groups.

Thirty male Wistar rats in three groups of 2-week-old infant (n = 10), young 6-week-old (n = 10) and 96-week-old elderly (n = 10) were divided into two groups of training and control. The training program included 6 days of resistance and aerobic training one day in between. 48 hours after the last training session, the rats were euthanized and the soleus muscle were extracted. Fluorescent microscope was used to measure Sema3a and NCAM proteins in muscle fibers. Gene expression were measured by Real Time PCR.

The results showed that Sema3a gene expression was not significantly different between exercise and control groups in all three age groups; however, sema3a protein expression was significantly reduced in infant and young exercise groups (P ≤ 0.001). Also, NCAM gene expression was not significantly different between training and control groups in all three age groups; while there was a significant decrease in NCAM protein expression in young and old training groups (P ≤ 0.001).

The results showed that resistance-aerobic training can inhibit the process of peripheral nerve damage in infant and young rats, as well as the growth and strength of the neuromuscular junction in young and elderly rats.

Coronary heart disease is one of the most common diseases that can affect the mental health of people in addition to its influence on their body.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on perceived stress and Alexithymia in patients with coronary heart disease.

The present study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test/ post-test design with a control group in 2019 on 30 patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease referred to Dr. Heshmat Hospital in Rasht, Iran. The patients were selected by simple random sampling and assigned to two groups of 15, including an experimental group and a control group. Assessment tools included the Perceived Stress Scale- 14 item (PSS-14) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale- 20 item (TAS-20), which were completed before and after the intervention. The experimental group received emotion-focused therapy (EFT) in eight 90-minute sessions for two months. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, MANCOVA and Bonferroni Post Hoc test.

There was a significant difference between the experimental group that underwent emotional-focused therapy (EFT) and the control group that did not receive any treatment. (F(2,25)=170.5, P<0.001, η2p=0.932) and according to the adjusted means this difference indicates the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy.

Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) training can play an important role as adjunctive and psychological treatment along with drug intervention in reducing the perceived stress and also reducing Alexithymia.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and practical treatment method for patients with severe, refractory or emergency psychiatric disorders. However, it is often associated with hemodynamic fluctuations. 

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of hemodynamic changes in patients undergoing ECT.

This longitudinal study was conducted at Shafa hospital, a referral and academic center in Rasht, Iran, during 2020. Hemodynamic parameters including heart rate (HR) systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded before induction of anesthesia (T0), one minute after induction of anesthesia (T1), one minute after seizure (T2), and 15 minutes after wakefulness (T3). The trend of changes of these parameters was determined during the mentioned time intervals.

Finally, the data from total 126 patients were analyzed. Most of the cases were diagnosed with psychotic disorder of Schizophrenia (59.5%) and the least of them had Major depression (14.3%) and 15.9% of them suffered from comorbidities. In terms of SBP, DBP and MAP, the trend of changes was significant (P=0.0001) at four measurement point times, but not about HR (P= 0.74). However, all the changes in hemodynamic parameters were kept in the normal range.

Our study showed that despite the fluctuations in hemodynamic parameters during ECT, patient management was acceptable as a result of teamwork and apropriate interaction of psychiatric and anesthesia teams.

Obtaining informed consent (IC) is essential for any diagnostic or therapeutic procedure. IC is an important legal communication process between the patient and physician.

This study was performed to evaluate the quality of IC process in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia (SA) in gynecological surgeries.

During 2021 this cross-sectional study was performed in Alzahra Hospital.
Eligible patients over 18 years old, who were candidates for elective gynecological surgeries under SA, enrolled the survey. A questionnaire containing demographic data and 20 specific questions divided in to 4 areas; providing information, Comprehensibility of the consent form, Voluntary of informed consent, Communication with the doctor, was filled out via a direct interview.

Finally the data from 259 eligible patients were analyzed. In terms of providing information to the patient, comprehensibility of the consent form, and the voluntary of obtaining consent were in poor conditions .But, in terms of communication with the physician, 46.3% of the patients were in a good state and 20.1% excellent. It was also found that there was significant relationship between the level of education and the quality of obtaining IC (P= 0.034).

It was concluded that the IC process was not acceptable in this academic center, and effort should be made to improve the current conditions.

Organizations, like living beings, are exposed to the disease, nurses in medical centers are in contact with the organization, and thus the disease of the organization will have adverse effects on the medical staff.

To generalize human diseases to the organization by using medical metaphors in order to distinguish a healthy organization from a patient organization and to identify the symptoms of the patient organization and its effect on nurses in the patient organization.

The research is fundamental and with a qualitative research approach and content analysis is used in data analysis. The research area of Guilan University of Medical Sciences and Rasht metropolitan hospitals and the research community is 10 faculty members and the director of nursing of Razi Hospital, which was used to collect data from experts who are faculty members.

The major known diseases were divided into three categories: physical illnesses, physical illnesses, mental illnesses, and mental illnesses. Post-traumatic injury, organizational shock and organizational cancer can be mentioned.

By generalizing human diseases to the organization, a clear path of diagnosis of the patient organization and the symptoms of the patient organization can be achieved. Identification of diseases such as organizational asthma, organizational trauma, organizational paralysis, organizational septic and cancer in the organization, and other diseases leads to its timely diagnosis, prevents the development of organizational challenges and improves the health of the organization leads to the development of health staff and especially nurse

According to the possible role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in the incidence of oral lichen planus lesions, it seems necessary to evaluate it in patients with Oral Lichen Planus (OLP).

The present study aims to investigate the level of VEGF in patients with OLP.

In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, the search was conducted in online databases including PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Data were analyzed in Stata14 software at 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and using a random effect model. The standardized mean difference was used to measure the difference in VEGF level between the two groups of controls and OLP. Data heterogeneity was quantified by I2 index.

There was no significant difference between the two groups in the VEGF  (Standardized mean difference= 0.46, 95% CI: -2.13,-3.05, P=0.730) and I2 index showed a significant heterogeneity among the results of studies (I2=97.9%). Based on the results of immunohistochemistry, there was a significant difference in the VEGF level between the two groups (Standardized mean difference= 3.30, 95% CI: 6.25,-0.36), but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant using ELISA method (P=0.530).

The VEGF level in patients with OLP is higher than in healthy people. Therefore, the serum factors which indicate VEGF should be considered as an effective risk factor of OLP.