International Journal of Medical Reviews
Volume:9 Issue: 3, Summer 2022

One of the most common surgeries performed worldwide is thyroidectomy, the most common of which ishypoparathyroidism. Hypoparathyroidism can be transient or permanent. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) is a major factor inregulating calcium, and small changes in PTH levels alter calcium levels within minutes. Therefore, hypocalcemia may occur after thyroidectomy. This study looked at the predictive factors of hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy.

In the present systematic review study, all quantitative articles related to the purposes of the study and published from 2015 to 2019 were reviewed. Searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases were performed using keywords for predictive factors, hypoparathyroidism, and thyroidectomy and their synonyms. In total, 3811 titles were initially identified with the described search strategy. From among these articles, 20 articles were selected, and by removing poor quality articles, eight articles were finally studied in terms of content.

Hypoparathyroidism is common after thyroidectomy. The main role of PTHs is in the regulation of calcium. Calcium deficiency at the blood level is threatening and can lead to chronic kidney disease, kidney stones and myocardial dysfunction.Therefore, measuring serum PTH immediately after thyroidectomy and the identification of patients at risk can reduce the risk of hypocalcemia by prescribing calcium and active vitamin D.

predictive factors of hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy are important because of the role of PTHs. According to findings, measuring serum calcium, iPTH, and phosphorus the day after surgery, reducing the duration of surgery and female gender are among the predictive factors of hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy.

Women from Sub-Saharan Africa remain at substantial risk of HIV acquisition and require urgent interventions to mitigate this issue. Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis offers a viable option. Unfortunately, it was ineffective during clinical trials in this population due to poor adherence. This systematic review has been conducted in order to understand the factors uniquely affecting adherence in this population.

Five databases (Embase, Medline, CENTRAL, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched for relevantobservational and qualitative studies reporting the factors affecting adherence. Titles and abstracts of returned articles were assessed for eligibility, leading to retrieval of full texts. Quality and risk of bias assessments were done before data extraction. Thematic qualitative evidence synthesis was done for factors affecting adherence.

Sub studies and ancillary studies of the three main clinical trials were retrieved, employing quantitative and qualitative methods to assess factors affecting adherence to tenofovir-based pre-exposure prophylaxis. Identified themes were grouped into five categories based on a modification of Ickovics and Meisler’s conceptual framework. These are individual, partner, social/community, product/drug and research related factors. Within each category, barriers and facilitators of adherence were placed. Significant barriers to uptake pre-exposure prophylaxis were identified.

The success of future clinical trials on HIV prevention methods among Sub-Saharan African women, and thesuccessful rollout of preventive public health interventions will depend on adequately addressing barriers to adherence.Therefore, clinical and public health researchers must aim to understand these factors, to optimise uptake and benefit from the interventions.

Disasters are becoming increasingly prevalent across the world with the increased amount of damage that human beings have imposed on the nature or potential threats of emerging diseases as well as the evolution of new infectious agents. The most essential facility that must be prepared to respond successfully to any mass-casualty incident and disaster is hospitals. Hospitals and healthcare providers are directly involved in disasters and crises. Hospitals as permanent and specialized centers for providing medical services, with facilities and experienced staff are one of the important components of the process of responding to emergencies. This is why many researchers are interested in hospital resilience, and as a result, several models for forecasting disaster reactions, calculating risks and hazards, and various other models of risk management in disaster situations have been offered in the literature. Many studies have focused on human resources preparedness; while some evaluate the structural resources at hospitals. Based on our narrative review, different countries have developed their own models of predicting risks of disasters and their management. Some nations have adopted the strategies of leading countries in their work environments. However, the point is that all models, in some way, address the role of healthcare personnel, as well as structural, non-structural, and functional components.

Students often recognize biochemistry as a research-oriented system. It is effortless to see the spread of this view because everyday students pay more attention to what their instructors concentrated on and witness professors’ basic research in the laboratory. Meanwhile, biochemistry science depends on research activities that are fundamental and theoretical, but always alongside very practical or applied aspects as well. In amyloid studies nearly 30 years ago, many probes have emerged exhibiting various responses to amyloids, such as intensity changes, shifts in fluorescence maxima, and variations in lifetimes, among many others. These probes have shed light on a variety of topics, including the kinetics of amyloid aggregation, the effectiveness of amyloid aggregation inhibitors, the elucidation of binding sites in amyloid structures, and the staining of amyloid aggregates in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Therefore, this study is considered as one of the most debatable subjects currently being used in different investigations. This review is based on published studies associated with aggregated protein probes and detectors (whether synthetic or intrinsic ones). It has also tried to cover the common concern introducing the most applicable ones In vitro/vivo. Furthermore, this glance tries to look into several well-known chemical and biochemical methods to follow protein aggregation assembly compared with lately used protocols. Interestingly, the provided content does not intend to prioritize either intrinsic staining methods or synthetic ones but also attempts to illustrate a parallel pathway and ultimatelyexpress an expanded point of view.

With the change in human lifestyle due to the expansion of industry, climate change, deforestation, and pollution of oceans and surface waters, humans are more exposed to danger than ever before. In many countries, humans are affected by bacterial and fungal infections and even mosquito-related diseases such as lymphatic filariasis, malaria, and cellulitis. Many drugs are found in nature, which is why humans have been using plants as a valuable resource for thousands of years. Humans are extremely interested in using natural antibacterial compounds such as plant extracts and spices because they have their own characteristic flavor. Herbs were the basis of medicine in the past and also are widely used in countries such as China, India, and the Middle East. Plants are useful for supporting human health and some parts of the plant (flowers, leaves, stems, and roots) have medicinal activities such as analgesics, antispasmodics, and antimicrobials. With recent advances, polymers and nanoparticles have come to the help of medical cures. Polymers can be designed to be used in a variety of fields such as prosthesis, antibacterial and antifungal surfaces, drug carrier, gene delivery etc. Also, the nanoparticles due to their unique properties, have many applications in medicine such as cancer diagnosis, colorimetric detection of cancer cells, cancer imaging, antibacterial surfaces, and drug carrier. In this study, researches which have been conducted on plants, polymers, and nanoparticles antibacterial are reviewed.

Health promotion allows people to increase their control over the various determinants of health and thus to improve their level of health. As sustainable development and global health are two interrelated and mutually reinforcing concepts, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to ensure that all people can achieve the greatest possible health potential in a healthy environment. Nowadays, new health threats are constantly emerging, while simultaneously the COVID-19 pandemic has systematically disrupted people's daily lives and the functioning of health systems and as a result has jeopardized the achievement of SDGs. This unprecedented health crisis highlighted the urgent need for strong public health systems, the critical role of health literacy, and the insurmountable need for effective health communication, mobilization and community empowerment efforts to enhance positive health and protective self-care attitudes. In this context, it is necessary to design and implement sustainable health promotion strategies around the globe based on the Ottawa principles and harmonized with the local social, cultural and geographical features in order to create a supportive environment (healthy cities) and sustainable public health governance. It is important to develop a dialogue on public health at a cross-sectoral level, in order to align the concepts of health, equality, human dignity, social solidarity and sustainability, so as to provide effective and targeted assistance to health systems not only to deal effectively with the sudden overload created by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, but also to be appropriately prepared to sustain health promotion and prevention strategies during possible future crises.

Violacein (3-(1,2-dihydro-5-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxo-3H-pyrrol-3-ilydene)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one)), a microbial product from Chromobacterium violaceum was characterized after continuous attempts to feature it, based on degradation and synthesis procedures, at the University of Liverpool (England), from 1958 to 1960 and only only at 2001 was chemically synthesized. It is a quite known antimicrobial and antiviral natural product. New attempts to solve the infection caused by, or find the proper therapy for, SARS-CoV-2 or producing the infection called COVID-19, must adopt multidisciplinary approach. The aim of the current study is to address the targets, possible strategies and perspectives of new technologies and therapies on SARS-CoV-2. It also hypothesizes the potential of using the therapeutic drug called violacein as multifunctional agent to treat patients at different SARS-CoV-2 contamination stages. Our experience and knowledge about violacein has led us to extrapolate the potential use of this pigment. Violacein’s multiple biological activities as also knowledge on its toxicity and antiviral activity enabled suggesting that it could be the new important agent used to treat SARS-CoV-2. Violacein is highly likely to act as protease inhibitor, at ACE-2 receptor level and as immunotherapeutic drug against COVID-19. In term of chemotherapy it will be discussed the actual antiviral used against SARS-CoV-2, such as, thalidomide, ivermectin and melatonin, among others.