مجله تحقیقات آزمایشگاهی دامپزشکی
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1400)

A 5-year old female cow with history of an irregularly shaped and cauliflower-like ulcerated mass was presented to the specialized veterinary hospital, IAU Garmsar Branch. The tumor mass tissue which was located at the left region of the perineum was extended to the right aspect of the vulva and anus and could affected these two regions. The mass was excised from the base by surgeon. The external surface of the mass was completely black, coarse and ulcerative, but on cut surface it appeared grayish-brown with focal purulent areas and fleshy texture and approximately consolidated. The tumor mass tissue formation appeared 3 months earlier to presentation yo clinic as a small neoplastic tissue, and gradually increased in size. The peripheral lymph nodes were normal and there was no evidence of another cutaneous lesion or of metastasis to other organs. Histopathologic examination revealed a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma in which cells were located in centrifugal circles and surrounding a central acellular pearl of keratin "KeratinPearl" .The tumor cells were large and had an abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm with slightly enlarged hyperchromatic nuclei. They have produced large amounts of keratin, resulting in the formation of extracellular keratin pearls. Tumor cells showed hyperchromatism and mitotic figures in many areas. Based on histopathological characteristics the tumor was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma.

Blood clinical chemistry is essential for determining the physical health, diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. However, they may be influenced by race, nutrition, age, sex, stress and disease. There is no published data about the reference range of serum biochemical parameters of breed-specific for Sangsari sheep, therefore The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of sex and age on serum clinical chemistry in Sangsari sheep. Forty-two healthy Sangsari sheep were chosen from the breeding station of Sangsari sheep in Damghan, Semnan, Iran. Sheep were divided into 2 groups depending on age; Group 1 was the sheep less than 3 years old (n=15) and Group II was the sheep older than 3 years (n=27). Sheep were divided into 2 groups based on sex: male (n=21) and female (n=21). Serum biochemical parameters including total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ᵞ-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were compared between groups. The results revealed that the value of TP, BUN and GGT significantly (P˂0.05) were different between the two age groups. Whereas, in addition to the parameters affected by age, Alb value significantly (P˂0.05) was different between males and females. From the results, it seems that most biochemical parameters in this study have been affected significantly by age and sex, and this should be taken into account when interpreting the laboratory results should be considered by practitioners to correctly interpret.

Current investigation was performed to study the effect of Propylthiouracil on immune cell count and antibody production in Ross 308 broiler breeder roosters with a total of 66 birds in complete randomized design during primary and booster vaccination. The birds were randomly allocated in two experimental groups including replication in each. All chickens were reared in the same condition according to the breeder's management guide for entire 18-wk duration (control group) or up to the point of dietary treatment with Propylthiouracil (0.1% w: w) for 6 weeks through 6 to 12 wk of age (Hypothyroidism group). Birds of both experimental groups were vaccinated at age 9 and 15 wk with using of Bronchitis vaccine Nobilis 4/91 (Intervet, Netherland) in drinking water and then were bled at age 12 and 18 wk. Consumption of Propylthiouracil decrease serum thyroxin (tetraiodothyronine), triiodothyronine and production of antibody hypothyroid group versus control group at age of 12 wk (P<0.05) but there were no differences between experiential groups at age 18 wk (P>0.05). Study of total cell count showed induction of hypothyroidism lead to lower total white cell count and percentage of lymphocyte cell in hypothyroid group versus control group after primary vaccination at age of 12 wk (P<0.05) but there were not significant difference between both experimental group following booster vaccination at age 18 wk (P>0.05). It seems supplementation of feed with Propyl-2-thiouracil and consequent hypothyroidism leads to higher immune response while populations of blood cells had decreased.

The testis is an important component of male reproductive system and is responsible for spermatogenesis The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of testicular pathology in rams and bucks in Fars province, south of Iran. An abattoir-based survey was conducted between winter 2018 and winter 2019 in Shiraz and Kazeroun industrial slaughterhouse. The bucks were categorized into three age groups of <2, 2–3, and <3years before slaughter using dental examination After slaughter, the whole genitalia were examined for evidence of gross pathological abnormalities. Tissue samples from testis were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathological examination using light microscopy. Data obtained were summarized and presented as number of occurrencesand proportion of total population examined Out of 200 rams and 200 bucks examined in the incidence of testicular lesions was 39 (19.5 %) and 58 (%29) respectively. Testicular mineralization, besnoitiosis, testicular atrophy, testicular hypoplasia, cryptorchidism and orcitis accounted for incidences of 21 (10.5%), 11 (5.5%), 10 (5%), 8 (4%),6 (3%) and 2(1%) respectively in bucks. Testicular mineralization 10 (%5), testicular hypoplasia 8 (%4). testicular atrophy 13 (6.5%), cryptorchidism 7 (%3.5) and orcitis (%1) were the pathological conditions found in rams.

In this study, the combined effect of whey protein concentrate, maltodextrin and rosemary essential oil on the microbial properties of tilapia was investigated and optimized by Response Surface Methodology. after preparing fish fillets, according to the software plans, 18 solutions including 10, 5 and 15% w/w of whey protein concentrate, 15, 20 and 25% w/w of maltodextrin and 1, 3 and 5% v/w rosemary essential oil were prepared. Fish fillets were coated by immersing in solutions and then were refrigerated at 4℃. After six days, coated samples were removed from refrigerator and microbial contamination was evaluated. Based on the obtained data from microbial counts (psychrophilic bacteria), the best protective solution was produced by mixing moderate amounts of whey protein concentrate (about 10% w/w) with the highest percentages of rosemary essential oil (5% v/w). In case of mesophilic bacteria, the best protective effect was observed when the coatings solution was included of maximum amount of maltodextrin and whey protein concentrate (25 and 15% w/w) and rosemary essential oil (5% v/w).

This study was to evaluate the histopathological changes following topical administration of PRF in femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHO) in rabbits. 20 New Zealand white rabbits underwent FHO. In the treated group, surgical site filled with PRF. After two and four weeks, all animals were euthanised and femur was cut approximately 2 cm far from the head of femur. For microscopic study, some slides were prepared from samples through serial sectioning and were stained with H&E and Mason Trichrome. Qualitative changes such as granulation tissues, cartilage and bone formation and their timeliness, thickness of collagen fibers and cellular changes and differences were observed and noted. Average occupancy level of each tissue and their ratio to whole surface of sample and to each other in two groups were calculated and compared. The results of this study shows that in PRF treated group, ratio of cartilage tissue formation to granulation tissue as well as formation of bone to granulation tissue is significantly more than these parameters in control group. This result indicates to faster healing on the damaged area in treated group. Also in this Group cartilage and bone tissues formation in the healing process was more orderly. The results indicate that the use of PRF has been able to accelerate healing of bone tissue that is cut at the head of the rabbit’s femur. So it seems that the use of PRF as a treatment protocol to accelerate the healing period of bone tissue in these cases could be suggested.

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a zoonotic gram positive coccobacillus. It is as an occupational pathogen and rarely infects animal handlers. There are three common forms of human infection: localized erysipeloid, diffuse cutaneous form and lastly, bacteremia that could rarely progress to infective endocarditis. Erysipeloid, usually appear on the hand fingers. In this study, we present a case of 20-year old man working in a butcher who frequently came in contact with the carcasses of animals such as cattle, sheep, turkeys and quails. In this case we observed in addition to a hand wound, a local wound in the leg area. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated from the wounds through biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion method. The patient was treated after a full course of penicillin. Due to the occurrence of wounds in the leg area and the lack of proper coverage of this area during work by the patient, it seems that this bacterium, in addition to direct contact with infected animals, is also transmitted through indirect contact with contaminated water.

In this research, the effect of acetic acid in the chiller section of the slaughterhouse, with two concentrations of 1% and 0.5%, at a fixed time of 15 minutes, was investigated on the total microbial count and the increase in the shelf life of chicken carcasses. For this purpose, the control samples were kept for 15 minutes in normal water with a temperature of 0-3 degrees Celsius (similar to the water temperature of the slaughterhouse chiller). Other samples were placed in separate containers for 15 minutes under the effect of water with a concentration of 1% and 0.5% acetic acid at a temperature of 0-3 degrees Celsius. Then, the samples treated with different levels of acetic acid were compared with the control samples in terms of total number of microorganisms and retention time. The results of the tests showed that acetic acid, at both levels, significantly (p < 0.05) caused a decrease in the microbial load of the whole chicken carcass and an increase in its shelf life in the refrigerator, and due to the significant superiority of 1% concentration of acetic acid This concentration can be used in the water chiller with the aim of improving microbial safety and increasing the shelf life of chicken carcasses during storage in the refrigerator.

Cheese is one of the most important dairy products which contains almost all essential amino acids. Cheese ingredients and environmental conditions often cause excessive growth of fungi and bacteria on the its surface. Therefore, coating and packaging can be considered as a basic step to increase preservation and shelf life. In this study, effect of coating lactic cheese by aloe vera gel, gum arabic and liquid smoke essence on the chemical changes during 21 days of storage in the refrigerator was investigated. Based on the limits determined by Design Expert software, 18 solutions containing 0, 10, and 20% v/v of aloe vera gel, 0, 5, and 10% w/v of gum arabic, and 0, 0.5, and 1% v/v of liquid smoke essential oil was prepared and cheese pieces were coated by immersion method. According to the obtained results, a trend of increasing pH and decreasing acidity was observed in the samples which were coated by maximum amounts of biopolymers and essential oil (20% v/v of aloe vera gel, 10% w/v of gum arabic and 1% v/v of liquid smoke essence). In case of moisture content and weight loss, the best coating solution contained the highest amounts of aloe vera gel and gum arabic, (20% v/v and 10% w/v), respectively. Finally, by optimizing the process by software, the best coating mixture could be produced by 1% v/v of liquid smoke essential oil, 18/507% v/v aloe vera gel and 10% w/v of gum arabic.

Milk is a complete food for all ages and contains nutrients with compounds with different biological activities, and among other food items, it contains high antioxidant capacity in the form of enzymes, proteins, and vitamins. Considering that determining the antioxidant properties of raw milk after industrial and home heat treatments is always one of the most important questions of consumers, this study was conducted with the aim of determining and comparing the antioxidant properties of milk after industrial heat treatments and home heat treatments.

To do this research three diferent commercial brands were used,and from each brand, 10 samples of pasteurized milk and 10 samples of sterilized milk in different batch numbers, as well as 30 samples of traditional and raw milk from dairy stores before and after boiling thermal process were collected randomly and their antioxidant activity were investigated by antiradical(DPPH) test, reducing power test and Total phenolic capacity and their antioxidant power were compared by one-way ANNOVA and Tukey test.

The results showed that in all antioxidative parameters, raw milks that were not subjected to any heat treatment.had the highest values (p < 0.001), followed by pasteurized milk and sterilized milk, and boiled milk had the lowest antioxidant activity (p < 0.001).

In general, the results of this research showed that thermal treatments have a negative and decreasing effect on the antioxidant properties of milk, but since in order to make milk healthy, it is necessary to apply heat treatments,