مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال سی‌ام شماره 9 (پیاپی 193، آذر 1401)

Melasma is one of the common dermatologic diseases that has an effect on the patient's quality of life, therefore its treatment is important. Various medicinal and herbal compounds have been used, including creams containing hydroquinone, vitamin C, alfa hydroxy acids, arbutin, tretinoins, and sometimes combination creams are prescribed, and there is still no definite and guaranteed treatment for it. In the present experimental study, the effect of topical medicine Atache Despigman (Atache laboratorios, Spain), which contains 2% hydroquinone, vitamin C and fruit acids) in the treatment of melasma has been investigated. After two months of treatment with this medicine, from the patients' point of view, the results of spot reduction were very good 17%, good 53%, average 25%, and poor 5%, and these percentages from the doctor's point of view were 20%, 52%, 25%, and 3%, respectively. Therefore, the majority observed the effectiveness. With the examination by Dermacatch device, a decrease in pigmentation was also observed.

The intestine, as an important part of the human gastrointestinal tract, provides a favorable milieu for the growth and development of a diverse and large population (approximately 1000 species) of bacteria. Currently, the presence of a cohesive relationship between intestinal bacteria and the host is being well studied and identified. According to the available scientific evidence, the establishment of conditions of imbalance (dysbiosis) in the number and diversity of intestinal microbiome causes the onset/progression of acute and chronic liver disorders (fatty liver, cirrhosis, and liver autoimmune disease). Therefore, modifying the balance and creating conditions of microbial eubiosis by fecal microbiota transplantation can be considered as a novel and host-compatible biological approach in the supportive treatment of liver diseases. Consequently, in the present study, while referring to investigations related to the focus of intestinal microbiome and their relation to liver diseases, the existing scientific evidence on the clinical efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of some liver diseases and recent advances are discussed.

Both basic science research and clinical studies have proven that the fecal microbiota transplantation method can effectively strengthen and improve the gut microbiota during acute and chronic liver diseases, rebuild and restore the balance of the gut microbiome, and accelerate the patient's recovery.

It seems necessary to identify the components affecting the treatment and to develop a comprehensive, flexible, family-oriented eclectic model that is compatible with each family. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an eclectic family-centered model and compare its effectiveness with the treatment of parent-child interaction in improving the parent-child relationship of children with autism.

The present study was an experimental one; a pre-test-post-test design was run in this study. The participants of this study included all mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders in Tehran Autism Medical Center in Tehran City, Iran. Thirty-six people with targeted sampling were selected and randomly replaced in three groups: the parent-child interaction program (PCIT), eclectic family-centered model, and control groups. In this study, Pianta child parent relationship scale (CPRS) was used and statistical analysis of covariance with SPSS-16 software was used to analyze the data.

The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of the parent-child relationship variable in the family-centered eclectic model group compared to the parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) and the control group. Family- centered eclectic model in comparison to the parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) was more effective in improving parent-child relationships in terms of intimacy and dependence.

As a result, the eclectic family-centered model can be considered as a more appropriate alternative for psychological interventions to improve the parent-child relationship in mothers of children with autism.

One of the surgeries that needs to be considered after pain and discomfort is corneal cross-linking of the cornea. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of indomethacin and acetaminophen oral surgery before surgery on postoperative pain in the patients undergoing collagen cross-linking surgery.

The present study was a double-blind clinical trial study that was performed on all the patients undergoing collagen cross-linking surgery. Fifty patients were divided into two groups of 25 patients receiving acetaminophen 500 mg and indomethacin 75 mg before surgery. VAS scale was used to determine the severity of pain. Data were collected through a pain questionnaire and statistically analyzed using SPSS16 software.

In the acetaminophen group, 60% were female and 40% male, and in the indomethacin group, 64% were female and 36% male, which were similar in terms of gender. The mean age in the acetaminophen group was 24.28±5 and in the indomethacin group was 24.04±4. The two groups were similar in the case of age. Based on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) after collagen cross-linking surgery, the pain intensity was 6.29 in the acetaminophen group and 7.61 in the indomethacin group, respectively, which was significantly lower in the acetaminophen group. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the amounts of postoperative pain in the two groups.

Oral administration of acetaminophen before corneal cross-linking surgery was more effective in reducing postoperative pain than indomethacin, while there was no difference in the number of postoperative analgesics between the two groups during 24 hours postoperation.

Osteoporosis is a disease in skeletal system that is recognized by a lack of bone density and degeneration of bone tissue and can lead to increase the risk of bone fracture or even death. So, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of decreased bone density in people with common risk factors referred to Al-Zahra Educational-Medical Center in Isfahan City years 2018-2019.

This was a cross-sectional study. 3780 participants were included in the study by census sampling from April 2018 to March 2019. The risk factors considered in this study included gender, age, menopausal age, body mass index, history of mild trauma or fracture after the age of 40, hip fracture, autoimmune diseases, corticosteroid use, diabetes, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, liver diseases, kidney diseases, malnutrition, alcohol consumption, smoking, and weight loss. Patients underwent bone densitometry. The criterion for diagnosing osteoporosis is T score, which indicated the ratio of an individual's bone density to baseline. Data were collected by a checklist and then analyzed in SPSS software version 16 at a significance level of 0.05.

The hip T-score in 1780 (47.1%) individuals and the spine T-score in 1724 (45.6%) individuals were between -1 and -2.5. There was a significant relation among gender, age, height, weight and body mass index, corticosteroid use, chronic kidney disease, premature menopause, hyperthyroidism, weight loss, autoimmune diseases, hip fracture, and the history of trauma or fracture after the age of 40.  hip T score, and there was a significant relationship between age, height, weight and body mass index, hyperthyroidism, weight loss, premature menopause, corticosteroid use, (P> 0.05). Spine T score was related to factors such as age, height, weight and body mass index, hyperthyroidism, weight loss, early menopause, corticosteroid use, history of trauma or fracture after 40 years (P<0.05).

This study showed that the prevalence of osteoporosis increases with age, and especially women with early menopause, and also in people with a history of trauma or fracture over the age of 40, hip fracture, corticosteroid use, hyperthyroidism, and autoimmune disease, chronic kidney disease, obesity and weight loss are common. Therefore, in order to prevent osteoporosis, necessary measures should be taken to prevent and correct the risk factors.

Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including atherosclerosis. Lipid profile conditions, oxidative stress and antioxidant imbalances play a major role in the development of the disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the different time course of concurrent training on lipid profile and total antioxidant capacity of cardiac patients.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study. Twenty male patients, mean age 56  ± 9.75, were voluntarily divided into the control and combination training groups The concurrent training group performed aerobic and resistance training for eight and three days a week. Aerobic exercise was performed for 15-20 minutes at 50-80% of maximal heart rate and resistance training program consisted of three upper extremity movements and two lower extremity movements with three sets and 10 repetitions. Blood samples were taken before and after four and eight weeks, and lipid profile and total antioxidant capacity were measured. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS version 16 software.

Concurrent training has reduced the significant levels in LDL, cholesterol and triglycerides after four and eight weeks, and has also reduced a significant increase level in HDL. Concurrent exercise had a significantly effect on the amount of total antioxidant after eight weeks (P <0.05).

According to the findings of the study, it can be concluded that with eight weeks of concurrent training, there is a significant difference in the levels of lipid profiles and total antioxidant capacity of cardiac patients.

Head and neck cancer is one of the most important cancers with low survival. This study was designed to evaluate the one-year survival of patients with head and neck cancer and related demographic factors.

The present study was a cross-sectional study that reviewed the records of the patients with head and neck cancer (193 patients) in 2007-2013. In this study, Kaplan-Meyer method and Cox multiple regression were used to analyze the data. In this study, the information obtained by Excel and Stata 16 software was analyzed.

The results showed 117 (60.6%) patients were male and 76 (39.4%) were female. The mean age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 62.51± 7.76. Three, six and 12-month survivals were 66.3%, 40.5% and 11.1%, respectively. The results showed that only the age of the patients had a significant relationship with the survival of patients up to one year (HR=65.13, CI= 4.52-41.19).

One-year survival of patients with head and neck cancer in Yazd City is low and the elderly usually have a lower survival than young people.

Proper knowledge of prescribing correct radiography techniques, especially among general dentists, is important for the accurate diagnosis of dental problems and not receiving additional doses of radiation in patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of general dentists about the accurate prescription of radiography in Rafsanjan City 2021.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 100 questionnaires were completed by general dentists in Rafsanjan City to measure the awareness of radiographic methods in 9 different areas of dentistry, and then the knowledge of dentists in these 9 different areas based on age, gender and work experience was compared using independent sample t-test and ANOVA statistical tests (α=0/05).

In this study 53 (53%) of the dentists were male and 47 (47%) were female. The highest rate of correct answer and score was related to knowledge about radiography in children (90%), panoramic (83%) and bite wing (75%) and the lowest rate was related to periodontal questions (40%). Overall, 12% had poor knowledge, 42% had moderate knowledge and 46% had good knowledge. The overall score of knowledge in male dentists (67%) was significantly higher than in female dentists (60%). With increasing work experience, the level of knowledge about the correct prescription of radiographic techniques decreased significantly (p=0.039).

Although the knowledge of dentists in Rafsanjan City was evaluated well in the case of the correct prescription of radiography in most areas, it is still necessary to train in some areas in retraining courses to improve the knowledge of dentists.