نشریه توسعه پایدار شهری
پیاپی 7 (تابستان 1401)

In the current cities of Iran, most of the passages and public spaces of the neighborhoods have been reduced to the level of passageways and social life has disappeared from them in such a way that they continue to live without any cultural and social burden. This has aggravated their identity crisis and lack of vitality which requires the serious attention of urban planners to improve the sense of vitality in these spaces. The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the importance and satisfaction of vitality indicators and items in Imam Khomeini street of Urumia and strategies to strengthen it are provided. The research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and practical in terms of purpose. Data collection has been done in the form of a field survey and questionnaire. The research indicators include socio-cultural, physical-spatial, and economic-welfare indicators. The statistical population of research includes all the users of this space, and the sample size is 384 people by using Cochran's formula. The validity of the questionnaires has been verified by experts and its reliability by using Cronbach's alpha test with a coefficient of 0.751. In order to analyze the information, Walker's (1996) satisfaction-importance matrix model has been used to identify the level of satisfaction and importance of each of the research indicators and propose policies to improve their situation. According to the research results, in the cultural-social dimension, the items "gathering spaces and social interactions" and "safety in pedestrian and bicycle traffic" has the most importance and satisfaction, respectively. In the physical-spatial dimension, the item "diversity of uses" has the most importance and the item "round-the-clock activity of the uses" has the highest level of satisfaction. In the economic-welfare dimension, the item "ease of access to public transportation" and the item "psychological comfort" have obtained the most importance and highest level of satisfaction. In order to improve the satisfaction status of each item, implementation strategies have been presented.

Space is the essence of architectural design. According to the social structure in designing these buildings, traditional Iranian housing is a suitable ground for social organizing. this house, based on the mental and psychological needs of Iranians, can be considered a model to achieve an appropriate model for today's housing. The space and general form of these houses, before entering the main building, create a different space for a person. Space syntax technique is used to define the built environment, spatial models, and spatial configuration at different scales and examine their interaction with social structure. The aim of this study was to analyze the spatial organization of Shoushtar's traditional houses by means of the space syntax method and to detect the influence of social relations in the architectural spaces of these houses, such as the creation of privacy, private and public spaces. Space syntax is used to define the built environment, spatial models and spatial configuration at different scales and examine their interaction with social structure. The main question of this research is to study the social and dultural structure of spatial configuration in the traditional houses of Shoushtar. The research method is a combination of quantitative and qualitative research with the aim of exploration, analysis, and using gathering and field studies of house maps. In the next stage, eight plans of outstanding and eligible samples of space syntax and E-Graph, it was analyzed to clarify the causal links between cultural and social factors and architectural design. The results show that the nested spaces with multiple entrances for each space, the depth and connectivity of the spaces, the expansion of visual fields in spaces such as the central courtyard with the surroundings, enable these houses to create a coherent spatial configuration and make these spaces as the most proper parts of these houses for gathering the family members Also, it is more important to have a continuous visual field for the privacy of the family, which is based on the use of architectural design variables such as doors, on the basis of the family social structure.

Today's world is complicated and unreliable, and tomorrow's world is expected to be much more complex and unreliable. In such a situation, understanding the nature of cities is more complicated than is thought. The scope and depth of this challenge increase every day due to a wonderful mixture of ambiguity, complexity, uncertainty, and tsunamis of change surrounding the city and the current world. Generally, these changes have emerged in a short period of time and create a deep gap between the time required and the available time to adapt to these changes. In this research, with the help of scenario planning, an attempt has been made to face complex and changing conditions in the regeneration of the deteriorated context of Dargahan city which is in a way the regional trade center of the south of the country. By verifying the key factors and driving forces of the changes, with the transition from the prediction of the definite future to the drawing of alternative futures, the preferred scenario was determined. Based on that, the framework of regeneration and planning in the run-down context of Dargahan is explained. According to the optimal scenario resulting from the process, an optimal culturaleconomic regeneration approach has been proposed for this context. Avoiding superficiality and ignoring the hidden socio-economic layers, while dealing with different dimensions of instability, reverses the cycle of decline and providing a new opportunity to develop and realize a common vision. Therefore, this research is practical in terms of essence, and in terms of method, it is a case study based on scenario-oriented planning and Cross-Impact Balance analysis (CIB) and using Scenario Wizard software. Documentary studies, field observations, exploratory interviews, and expert panels have also been used to collect data.

The complexity of the city system has increased the complexity of the problems and the solutions to overcome them. As one of the problems of today's cities, deteriorated urban textures have always been the focus of planners and urban planners, and they have been examined and analyzed with different approaches, including urban regeneration, and plans have been presented with the same approach. What has been neglected so far is the lack of attention to finding the roots of problems in a creative way and the reality of the problems of the context in order to provide practical solutions. Based on this, this study, looking at the problem planning and the creative problem-solving process, identified Khalaja neighborhood as one of the deteriorated neighborhoods in the central urban fabric of Isfahan.Due to the problems such as lack of green and recreational spaces, unsafety and air pollution, a large number of barren lands, etc. after realizing and conceptualizing processes, this neighborhood has been analyzed to find solutions and regeneration policies for development. In this regard, this article has designed a problem-solving framework to solve the problem of deteriorated texture of Khalaja neighborhood. The method of problem finding and analysis has been done by using the fishbone method and the six-word question technique. The results show that Khalaja neighborhood has problems of low physical quality of mass and space, lack of attention to investment, immigration of local inhabitants, traffic of local streets, unused lands, lack of facilitation office and inappropriate mixing of uses. Based on this, it is suggested to use the potentials in the neighborhood such as Madi, as well as barren lands, to calm traffic, create new landuses and special services for strengthen the sense of belonging of the residents.

Problem statement:

 The reduction of modern human living space, the obliteration of old neighborhoods and their centers, and the large-scale areas inherited from the modern time have reduced sustainable social interactions and the active presence of people in modern cities. Consequently, it seems essential to generate spaces to answer the need for collaboration and thriving of community members and to create attachment and the emergence of a sense of place. So, large-scale urban spaces such as cultural and commercial complexes, which act as semi-public spaces, are responsible for offering such a platform. This issue can be associated with the idea of the third place in urban theorizing on a broad scale, which can be generalized to the bounds of architectural space.

Therefore, with the aim of improving the quality of informal spaces in large-scale urban buildings and homogeneous densely populated areas, this research tries to investigate the realization of this prominence in the closed and non-public physical spaces of the city by studying the factors affecting the strengthening of the place.

The current research with its exploratory nature, based on the theoretical background and survey data in a structure consists of three sections: documentary content analysis, Delphi survey, and questionnaire processing using the factor analysis method, aims to identify a meaningful mental pattern in the design process and present a strategy for adapting architecture to the needs of the place.

The results of the research questionnaires and their compatibility with the selected research experts’ theoretical opinions indicate a significant relationship between the increase in sociability and the sense of place in informal sitting spaces in cultural and commercial complexes in Tehran. The dimensions of this issue are not restricted to the physical quantity. The functional, structural, cultural, social, and management components can also increase the sense of satisfaction, reconciliation, and invitingness and increase the space's flexibility.

Pedestrian service level is one of the most important components for evaluating facilities and services provided on the sidewalks. However, current research shows that qualitative characteristics can also help to estimate the level of service provided as perceived by pedestrians. Pedestrians' perceptions and expectations about the service level of walkways and sidewalks are very important, because it affects the level of satisfaction of pedestrians. This study investigates the most important influencing factors on the perceived level of service on sidewalks in Valiasr street, Tabriz city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey. The statistical population of the research is pedestrians in Valiasr sidewalks street, and the sample size is 384 people which were randomly selected (snowball method). This is one of the first studies in Iran and the city of Tabriz, which uses the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique to evaluate the satisfaction of pedestrians and, as a result, the level of services provided in terms of quality on sidewalks. The results identified four exogenous latent structures named "safety", "security", "mobility and infrastructure" and "welfare and comfort" which represent the main aspects of the level of service provided on sidewalks, among which factors security has shown the highest loading (γ=0.60). This study determined that parameters such as police patrolling, street lighting, cleaner sidewalks, sidewalk barriers and surface have an obvious impact on the level of sidewalk services. Also, the results of this study provide significant information to interpret aspects of the walking environment that mainly affect the level of services provided. This information can help urban planners to prepare new strategies that will increase the quality of sidewalks and walkways and thus make the city more walkable.