نشریه بحران پژوهی جهان اسلام
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 14، تابستان 1398)

Throughout the ups and downs in the history of Islam, there have been groups, currents of thought, and individuals who have excommunicated their opponents from other sects and religions of Islam and expelled them from the religion of Islam under false pretenses, and considered their blood, wealth, and honor permissible. This destructive phenomenon, pioneered by the Kharijites, has manifested itself in the Salafi-Takfiri extremist currents over the past two centuries, and in the light of recent developments in the region, they have found a good opportunity to implement their thoughts and ideas with the support of their supporters. Undoubtedly, the emergence of insecurity and chaos in Islamic countries, the killing of innocent people, the emergence of terror groups such as al-Qaeda, the Companions Corps, Jundallah groups, the Taliban, Jaish-e-Adl, Jabhat al-Nusra, ISIS, etc. who have made terror their top priority is part of the consequences of the idea of takfir; and its worse consequence is to tarnish the image of Islam and Muslims around the world and to make the religion of Islam hated by the world. Therefore, accurate knowledge and analysis of the backgrounds and contexts of the formation of these currents in the Islamic world is essential and will help us in a deep understanding and analysis of their behaviors. The present study uses the analytical-descriptive method while referring to the historical background of Takfiri currents in the Islamic world, to explain and analyze the fields and intellectual, regional and international, geographical and political, as well as sociological forms of this formation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the place and impact of modernity on the national identity of Iran. Accordingly, the main question of the research is what is the place of modernity in the national identity of Iran, and what effect has it had on it? The research method is descriptive-analytical and the results indicate that modernity, despite not having ancient roots in Iran, has become a powerful and influential historical fact in the field of Iranian national identity and one of its constituent pillars. This phenomenon from the early Qajar period and as a result of Iranians' familiarity with it, has influenced the traditional ideas of belonging to Iranian identity and in the course of political, social and cultural developments of Qajar, Pahlavi and Islamic Republics has given a new composition to Iran's national identity The definition of Iranians is and still is, in such a way that what is available to Iranians today about the system of separation of powers, the House of Representatives, the way the country is run, the new educational system, the new way of life, etc., They are considered the main manifestations of modernity. In general, this position and the impact of modernity on Iran's national identity has made it necessary to adopt a balanced approach to the pillars of Iran's national identity in the country's identity policies.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the position of government elites in the Qajar Pahlavi era based on the theory of elitism in the development process of Iran. In this regard, an attempt was made to answer the basic question: what factors and activists provided the necessary ground for the failure of the elites of the Pahlavi era in the process of development of Iran? The study was based on the assumption that factors such as authoritarian political structure, underdeveloped culture, foreign interference in Iranian affairs, the weak performance of kings and rulers, the destructive role of the global economic system, and the performance of elites in Western-style modernization and development, all contribute to elite failure in the Pahlavi era in the process of development of Iran. The results indicate that the elites of Iran in the history of the Pahlavi era as one of the main obstacles to development and neutralizing the power of reformists played a role and failed to lead the country to balanced and comprehensive development for two reasons: Characteristics and weakness of its performance and inappropriate political-economic structures and sabotage of anti-development elites. Intellectuals, for reasons such as authoritarian political structure, alienation from the culture of society, and a one-dimensional view of development, were also unable to play a desirable role.

The aim of the present study was to show how the Islamic-Iranian model of progress can be implemented using resistance economics. In this research, using the method of data theorizing of the foundation and using the intentions of the Supreme Leader, an attempt was made to introduce the model of resistance economy as a detailed model in the field of economic progress. Through the descriptive-analytical method, it was shown that if we use the original principles and concepts of the Islamic-Iranian model, progress in economic planning and policies, we will see a move towards a new Islamic civilization. Designing a model of Iranian Islamic progress is the most important and largest organized step to achieve the goals of the Islamic Revolution. Achieving this model while preparing and providing support for the next steps in implementing it, requires the participation of all people in various fields of science and practice.

The present study with an analytical-descriptive method and using futures studies technique and scenario-writing approach sought to investigate the factors of non-institutionalization of parties in Iran and its impact on the future of the 1400 elections. The results show that the lack of institutionalization of parties in Iran will have the following effects on the future of the 1400 elections, which can be proposed in the form of several scenarios: first, the selection of unqualified people due to lack of electoral training, Second, the impact of NGOs on elections, third, reduction of electoral participation due to lack of popular parties; fourth, misuse of political participation in elections by the opposition.