نشریه مطالعات معرفتی در دانشگاه اسلامی
پیاپی 92 (پاییز 1401)

Considering the functional evolutions of modern legal systems, in our times, some of the Islamic law dictates such as the one-fifth tax (khums) and the alms tax (zakāt), the issue of taxation, or discussions related to the legal equality of men and women have ignited debates, particularly in the field of the Epistemological fundamentals of law. The present research aims to provide a suggestion according to which, it might be possible to reconstruct the rational view onto Islamic legal with a mu‘tazilī approach and, thereby, to achieve more compatibility between Islamic Law and the legal requirements of Public Law in contemporary political communities. With this approach, the authors address the topics of “rationality” and “human will” as two concepts with fundamental importance in the theory of Qāḍī ‘Abd al-Jabbār al-Mu‘tazilī. It seems that, from this point of view, with a legal and positive interpretation of the elements of Qāḍī ‘Abd al-Jabbār’s theory of justice, it would be easier to bring Islamic legal dictates and the secular rules of the modern legal systems to coexistence.

The evolution of humanities and the production of Islamic humanities has been one of the main concerns of the Islamic Republic of Iran .In the first four decades of the Islamic Revolution of Iran several educational centers, research institutes, planning and policy-making organizations were established to achieve this goal. These centers and institutions are referred to as soft and human technologies in the technology philosophy literature.In this article, according to The Leader’s statement of the second phase of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, and using the view of critical rationality about the development of technologies, first, a pathology of the work done in the first phase is introduced. Then, solutions for greater efficiency of these technologies in the second step are proposed. These suggestions can accelerate the process of evolution of humanities and production of Islamic humanities to understand the Iranian and Islamic society and solve its problems.

This article intends to analyze the definition of man from the perspective of Jean-Paul Sartre and Professor Motahhari to compare the ideas of two thinkers. The information of this basic research has been collected by library method and processed by descriptive-analytical method. Jean Paul Sartre, disagreeing with the traditional description of human and establishing the principle existence precedes essence denies the same human nature and granted of human and introduces him as a project existing. Motahhari, Muslim philosopher, with revelationist vision, introduces human as a Two-dimensional creature with Divine nature that creation law has gave the power of fate to his own hands. A potential existence, that perigee animality (the nature of animals) and humanity’s ascendancy forms two sides of his actually essence, which accessing each one depend on decisions that one person takes in his life. During the analysis of the two approaches, it seems that despite the commonalities between the two perspectives, many aspects of the differences are evident. Sartre's definition of existentialism leads to humanism and to the worldly dimension, but what Master Motahhari offers based on revelatory teachings includes all aspects of human existence.

The doctrine of the Trinity and the divinity of Jesus (pbuh) is one of the most challenging beliefs of Christianity, for which there is no evidence of its acceptance in the four Gospels. Hence, Christians have historically been divided on this issue and have not been able to provide a solid basis for it. Christians disagree about the divine or physical quality of Jesus (pbuh), and the levels of their ancestry and their eternity or accident, and each sect considers itself right and the other void. The question now is how the doctrine of the Trinity evolved in the Gospels, and how Islamic traditions have dealt with the issue of the Trinity. A descriptive-analytical study of this issue shows that the Trinity is based on shaky foundations and can be rejected in the four Gospels. The Infallibles (pbuh) also considered the field of Christ (pbuh) free from polytheism, and in the face of the doctrine of the Trinity with the approach and tradition of narration, rational and argumentative argument on the worship of Christ (pbuh) and explaining the nature of the Holy Spirit, and proving monotheism and They have rejected God as a partner and have explicitly considered any of

Courses entitled Islamic Art were created in Iranian universities after the Islamic Revolution. Therefore, the effort to understand Islamic art and allocate courses in different educational levels has been considered, criticized and analyzed for many years. The purpose of this study is to present a more up-to-date process for the development of Islamic art education in the academic and artistic spaces of the country, with the question of what topics are the courses of Islamic art and what is the most comprehensive approach to its development? The research method is descriptive-analytical with a qualitative approach. One of the findings of this study is to understand the dual definitions of Islamic art (historical and historical-conceptual) that its topics focus more on the historical perspective and the revival of traditional arts. The conclusion is that according to thematic definitions, Islamic art should not be merely a renaming of traditional arts, but Islamic art education groups, along with traditional arts, should be able to cover modern art today and find a capacity beyond traditional arts.

The present study was conducted with the aim of "reflection on the students' epistemological system about God".

This research is in the framework of qualitative and phenomenological research method. The statistical population was the total number of students of Shahid Bahonar University, in which 17 students were selected by voluntary-purposive sampling method. The research tool was a non-structured interview. The method of data analysis was Klaizi.

The research findings indicate that in the students' epistemological system about God, four main themes of doctrinal dimension, cognitive dimension, communication dimension and meaning can be achieved with 8 sub-themes and 161 codes. In these dimensions, students can be divided into two axes. In the doctrinal dimension, both groups believe in God and His existence. The results of the study indicate that although most students had a good knowledge of God and God's action in relation to man and also a good spiritual relationship with God, but in the case of students who have a weak knowledge of God and there is a growing spiritual concern with God, and this group certainly needs more attention and help in this area.

The Egyptian modernist Kholi considers the Qur'an to be a literary, yet revelatory and sacred text that must be understood as human literary texts. He considers the purpose of revelation as guiding, and the purpose of interpretation as literary understanding, and introduces it before all understandings. This method has caused him to have fans and critics among the Quran, Egyptian and Iranian scholars. Modernists consider him a fanatic of tradition, and traditionalists accuse him of modernism and apostasy. This challenge caused the present article to analyze the factors of formation of this theory in an analytical method with a critical approach. The result is that Kholi, under the influence of personality traits, the Egyptian literary movement and Arab romanticism, inspired by reformers such as Abduh and Taha Hussein, used Western linguistic studies and theological research and in designing the theory of literary interpretation, taking into account Jahez's works. , Jorjani and Shatebi have shown the root of this theory in his thought. By identifying the factors behind the formation of this theory, the ground for fair criticism is provided.

The main purpose of this study was to explain the divine approach to the field of higher environmental education and to develop a planning model for higher environmental education with a divine approach . This research was a qualitative Study, in order to determine the necessary elements to explain the philosophy of environmental higher education with a divine approach using a questionnaire and semi-structured interview with purposeful sampling and theoretical saturation technique, the opinion of Seminary Scholars, faculty members of academic groups of Iran universities and executives, professionals and experts in some Iranian organizations was obtained. The obtained data were then analyzed through Thematic analysis and the findings were categorized and organized in the form of a network of basic, By analyzing these themes, the "What", "Why" and "How" of the higher divine education of the environment were explained.Finally the "model" of the divine approach in environmental higher education was proposed

 Today, researchers in the field of production of Islamic architecture are in the first step, ie the production of theory, which is the first pillar of the process in the field of production of science in architecture. Therefore, the higher education system of the country should provide a platform and capacity for the mechanism of theorizing in universities to be systematic and in the right direction. It seems that the modification of educational topics based on theories of theory production in the humanities will be useful in achieving this. Based on this, the present study tries to introduce and use one of these approaches called descriptive-analytical method called added philosophy (surveillance theory) to review the educational subject of undergraduate architecture to create the capacity for theorizing and in this regard classify courses. Theoretical architecture considers two historical and logical approaches and the separation of architectural science and architectural effect in each of the approaches is necessary and proposes the connection between the two approaches as the main goal of theoretical courses.

The present survey intends to predict students' aggression based on self-esteem with the mediation of patience.

The research method is correlational and based on the structural equation model. In this research, a sample of 386 people is selected from among the students of Islamic Azad University (North Tehran Branch) using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The tools used in this research were patience scale (Khormaee, Farmani and Soltani), aggression scale (Boss and Perry) and Cooper smith Self-Esteem Inventory. The evidence confirmed the reliability and validity of the scales. In order to check the research model, structural equation model method was used.

the results of the article indicate that self-esteem is a negative predictor of aggression, and self-esteem and patience predict aggression negatively and significantly.

the author of the research conclude that patience plays a mediating role in the relationship between self-esteem and aggression. In general, the findings of the research show that self-esteem reduces aggression in people by increasing patience.

The issue of cognition is one of the most fundamental issues of philosophy. It is the type of cognition and scope of cognition that defines the concept of man and describes the scope of human action. The two philosophical systems of transcendent wisdom and Kant's philosophical system can be considered the lofty peaks of Islamic philosophy and Western philosophy.The definition of these two systems of perception and intellect and its impact on other sciences can be very helpful for building cognitive and ideological social systems.Kant's definition of comprehension by relying on categories and limiting perception to comprehension has paved the way for many innovations in understanding the world, while in Sadra's system, considering Mulla Sadra's definition of reason and perception of the horizons ahead for Perceptions and systematizations based on this perception are very broad. It seems that the time has come to build systems, especially perceptual cognitive systems based on Sadra's thought.