نشریه علوم و تحقیقات بذر ایران
سال نهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1401)

To evaluate the deterioration rate and effect of different priming methods on improving seed germination on different seed accessions of Halocnemum strobilaceum provided by Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran, To evaluate the deterioration rate, a standard germination test was performed on 42 seed accessions with different origin and collection dates. To study effect of different priming methods, treatments included gibberellic acid (250 and 500 mg/l), polyethylene glycol (-0.6 and -1.2 MPa), potassium nitrate 19.78 mM, stratification at 4 °C for one month, NaCl 100 mM and Chilling were compared in 1645, 33515 and 43882 accessions That5, 9 and 17 years were stored in the refrigerator. The results showed that the average seed deterioration rate was 3.53 %/y of stored seeds at 4 °C.Each seed accession showed a different reaction to prime treatment. Results indicated germination percentage improved in the accession 1645 by treatment NaCl 100 mM, in the accession 33515 by treatment gibberellic acid 500 NaCl 100 mM, and in the accession 43882 by control treatment. However, no significant differences were observed between radicle and pedicle lengths among different treatments. From the results of this experiment, it can be concluded that priming treatments can only express the potential of the seed. Therefore, for collecting and storing seeds for a long time, the health and initial quality of seeds are very important.

In the present study, 11 ISSR, 2 Retrotransposon and 15 Retrotransposon + ISSR composed markers (REMAP) were evaluated among 27 genotypes of Soybean. 130 polymorphic bands were produced from 28 primers. The maximum percentage of polymorphism were 77% for UBC808, 54% for TOS-2 and 70% in UBC808+TOS-1 marker. The mount of Nei′s, Shanon and PIC index for UBC808, UBC811, UBC825, HB-12, TOS-2, UBC807+TOS1 and UBC834+TOS-1 indicated that theses markers could be used to assessment of genetic variation. The result of cluster analysis using complete linkage algorithms clustered 27 studied genotype in 4 distinct groups with 4, 9, 9 and 5 genotype in respected group. Discriminant function analysis using the Fisher′s linear method showed that the complete linkage method separated the genotypes with 96/3 percent accuracy. Morphological characteristics of genotype were evaluated in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangements whit two factors, The first factor were salt stress treatments at 0 (check), 30, 60 and 90 mM NaCl and the second factors was genotypes. ANOVA showed significant differences among varieties and level of Treatment for all measured morphological traits, and in interaction of cultivar×stress for all traits except Shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and shoot's weight difference between wet and dry. The cluster analysis based on within group′s method clustered genotype at different salt stress treatment in 4 clusters, and the accuracy of cluster analysis revealed by discriminant analysis was 92/6%. The correlation between the two similarity matrices was not significant by Mantel test. Analysis using marker-assisted selection of bands that enhance salt tolerance traits mean they can be used to identify resistant soybean genotypes..

In order to investigate the effect of priming on different aspects of germination of aged pumpkin seeds under drought stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with four replications in the laboratory. Treatments included different levels of aging (control, 85% and 75% of control germination), drought stress (0, -0.75 and -1.5 MPa), and priming with 100 μM of (control, hydro, gibberellin, GR24, benzyl aminopurine and spermidine). The seeds reached the desired vigor level by accelerated ageing test. Results of mean comparison showed that the lowest germination rate (2.11), fresh weight of radical (0.075 g), fresh weight of plumule (0.123 g), dry weight of radical (0.0082 g), dry weight of plumule (0.0079 g), chlorophyll a (0.403 mg.g-1FW), chlorophyll b (0.43 mg.g-1FW), chlorophyll a/b (0.99), photosynthesis 0.723 µmolCO2.mm-1.s-1) and α-amylase activity (12.37 μgSturch.g-1.minFW) were related to drought treatment with an intensity of -1.5 MPa and with 75% aging in the absence of priming. The lowest of germination uniformity (0.97) was obtained in the absence of drought and aging in priming with gibberllin. The lowest amount of carbohydrates (354.33 µmol.g-1FW) and total oil percentage (11.16) were obtained in the absence of drought and priming with 75% aging. The highest germination rate (15.56) in hormone-priming with gibberllin, fresh weight of radical (0.255 g) in priming with hydropriming, fresh weight of plumule (0.305 g) in priming with hydropriming, dry weight of radical (0.014 g) in hormone-priming with gibberllin, dry weight of plumule (0.0188 g) in priming with gibberllin, chlorophyll a (1.876 mg.g-1FW) in priming with spermimin, chlorophyll b (0.76 mg.g-1FW) in priming with spermimin, chlorophyll a/b (0.99) in priming with hydropriming, photosynthesis (5.833 µmolCO2.mm-1.s-1) in priming with spermimin and α-amylase activity (66.4 μgSturch.g-1.minFW) in hormone-priming with gibberlin were obtained in the absence of drought and aging stress. The highest germination uniformity (4.87) was related to drought treatment with an intensity of -1.5 MPa and with 75% aging in the absence of priming. The highest amount of carbohydrate (1561.33 µmol.g-1FW) was related to drought treatment with an intensity of -0.75 MPa and in the absence of aging and with of priming hydropriming. The highest amount of total oil percentage (21.2) was related to drought treatment with an intensity of -1.5 MPa, absence of ageing and priming with spermidin.

The deterioration of seed during storage is the most important cause of seed damage. In order to investigate the effect of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) on improvement of germination characteristics and mobility of reservoirs in corn aging seeds, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in 2017 at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. Treatments included three levels of aging (0, 6 and 12 days) and priming with four concentrations of ascorbic acid (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg lit-1). The traits measured in this experiment were percentage and rate of germination, dry weight of radicle, dry weight of plumule and seed residual, seedling vigor, seed reserve utilization rate (SRUR), fraction of used seed reserves (FUSR), Seed reserve utilization efficiency (SRUE), respiration index and catalase activity. The results of the experiment showed that the aging of the seeds at both levels (6 and 12 days) decreased the measured traits. The use of priming treatment improved the measured traits. Concentration of 150 mg lit-1 ascorbic acid considering germination percentage of 78.22%, seedling vigor 11.6, SRUR 65.5 mg seed-1, FUSR 0.84, SRUE 0.25 mg mg-1 and respiration index 5.51 g was the best. The effect of ascorbic acid on the catalase enzyme was not significant. The highest amount of catalase enzyme activity was obtained in 12 days of aging. In general, the use of ABA increased vigor of aging seeds.

According to the importance of Pistachio atlantica, identifying the site of this species and examining the environmental conditions of its growing areas can be an effective assist in preventing the destruction of this national asset. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the morphological and micro nutrients diversity of 11 habitats in the eastern and central regions of the country. The research was performed in a randomized complete block design with three replications. For statistical analysis, clustre analysis, one-way analysis of variance and comparison of means was used by Duncan's multiple range test at 1% probability level. The results indicated there was a significant difference at the level of 1% between the tested samples. The results of cluster analysis of morphological characteristics of fruits illustrated that Bajestan, Nehbandan, Qasemabad, Bardaskan, Taybad, Shahrbabak, Ghaen and Sarbisheh habitates were in cluster 1, and Khaf, Zirkouh, and Zahedan cities were in cluster 2, and have similar characteristics. Khaf habitat is superior to other habitats in terms of diameter and weight of fruits and seeds. The habitats of Bajestan and Taybad had the highest amount of nitrogen, calcium and magnesium and the habitat of Shahr-e-Babak had the highest potassium and the habitat Zirkouh had the highest sodium. In general, the morphological characteristics and the amount of micro nutrients in climatic or micro-climatic conditions of such as precipitation, annual temperature, latitude and longitude and the length of the dry season are different.

Organic fertilizers, by creating appropriate concentrations of elements in plants, cause optimal plant growth and yield, consumer health and increase water resistance. For this purpose, two experiments were performed in separate flood and stress environments as split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental factors include nitrogen fertilizer at three levels of 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha, pelleted poultry organic fertilizer at three levels of 1250, 2500 and 3750 kg/ha and cow manure and municipal waste compost at three levels each. 3750, 7500 and 11250 kg/ha were the main factors and cultivars in Gilaneh and Hashemi levels were the secondary factors. The results showed that the highest percentage of nitrogen, protein content and zinc concentration in flooding treatment, compost application at 11250 kg/ha in Hashemi cultivar were 2.013, 11.99% and 34.50 ppm, respectively. The highest percentage of nitrogen, percentage of protein, copper concentration and paddy yield in drought stress treatment, application of pelleted poultry manure at 3750 kg/ha in Gilaneh cultivar with 2.28, 13.56%, 17 ppm, and 7191 kg/ha respectively. It seems that the use of organic fertilizers has a greater effect on increasing seed quality than chemical fertilizers and to achieve the highest seed quality, fertilizer management is different under waterlogging and drought stress conditions.