نشریه مطالعات سیاسی
پیاپی 56 (تابستان 1401)

This paper aims to increase capitals in the social fields for the institutions having a pivotal role in policy making processes. In order to narrow down the topic, the electoral institution of the Islamic Parliament as the most important legislative institution was selected. The method of this research was a survey and a research- made questionnaire was used to collect the data. All the voters who were eligible to vote constituted the population out of which 400 individuals were selected as the sample of the study based on a multistage cluster sampling. One of the paramount findings of this study was that the ‘attitudes towards social field’ had a direct and positive impact on the attitudes towards the policymaking of the electoral institution of the Islamic Parliament. Meanwhile, the four dimensions of the social field (including economic capita, social capita, cultural capita, and symbolic capita) had direct and positive impacts on the voters’ attitudes towards the policymaking of the Islamic Parliament. It is worth noting that there was no correlation between education and the voters’ attitudes whereas there was a negative correlation between age and voters’ attitudes towards the policy making of the electoral institutions. Finally, males and females were different with respect to attitudes towards the policy making in the sense that the females’ attitudes were more positive.

At present, Iran's neighborhood with the Central Asian region is based on Iran's geographical capacity. Turkmenistan is one of the countries in the region that is important for the foreign policy apparatus based on the principle of neighborhood policy and having a common border.In this regard, the question of this article is, has Iran been successful in using the capacities of its neighborhood policy towards Turkmenistan? It seams, it should be said that despite the special features of Turkmenistan's neighborhood for Iran, Iran has not taken advantage of this opportunity as it should For reasons such as; Lack of macro strategy and clear strategy towards this country in the foreign policy apparatus, influence of regional and international actors, especially the United States Basically, one of the main conditions and principles in neighborhood policy is the satisfaction of neighbors with each other and one of its main pillars is to maintain and establish stability in relations. It also identifies all existing capabilities in the economic, political, security and cultural fields. This principle has not been very much established in the relations between the two countries, despite the expression of mutual desires and needs of the two countries. Therefore, Iran should take serious steps to increase bilateral interactions in all recognized dimensions and serious participation in regional cooperation.

Gender discrimination and inequality caused by domination over women is a prevalent global phenomenon, and has made them face the limitation of equal access to opportunities, facilities, sources of power and influence in different societies. One of the main solutions of international institutions for this problem is the women's empowerment policy. This policy has also been taken into consideration in Iran and policies and plans have been made by the relevant authorities. However, objective evidence shows that the situation of women is not much favorable. According to the World Economic Forum, in 2019, Iran was ranked 148 among 153 countries in terms of gender discrimination. The aim of this research is to identify the reasons for acceptance of male domination, by women in Iran. To conduct the research, the available quantitative and qualitative data were collected, and to test the hypothesis, the "critical analysis" method was used. The theoretical approach of the article is also based on the principles and concepts of critical theory. The findings of the research show that women's submissiveness is in part formed as a result of the influence of cultural-educational elements. Therefore, as long as the educational system, the media and scientific, cultural and religious platforms that have a general audience, reproduce, justify and promote attitudes, beliefs, and relations based on legitimizing inequality and discrimination, we will see no meaningful change in the status of women in society.

Human life has changed a lot in all aspects since the innovation of the internet in the world. These changes include not only personal details and human characteristics such as behavior, habits and ways of thinking, but also great circumstances such as the evolution of decision- making methods and vital actions both political and international.In recent years, the cyber space effects and the treatment of people in the cyber space have drawn the attention of the specialists in the area of political actions. The main goal of this article is to examine the effect of Telegram on political participation of the middle class women in Tehran. By the middle class, we mean a class higher than the low class in which the participations are only voters in political elections and lower than the high class in which the participations are high rates of management and decision- making process. In the middle class, participations are moderate employee women in government departments, active women, women parties assembles and nongovernment organizations. In conceptual model used, is a combination of three media theories: including cultivation theory(Gerbner),public sphere theory(Habermas) and political participation’s indicators theory(rush). The achieve results confirm the positive effect of Telegram on political participation of women users in middle level in Tehran.

Along with the globalization of communication and the effective presence of the media in the international arena, traditional diplomacy has changed and "media diplomacy" has emerged as one of the main branches of the foreign policy apparatus. In the past two decades, the importance of using international media has caused the powers of the West Asian region, such as Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar, to think of benefiting from these media. In this regard, this article has been written with the aim of explaining and understanding Saudi Arabia's media diplomacy in West Asia through the media activism of "Iran International" network. The results and findings of this research, which was carried out using the analytical descriptive method, indicate that: Saudi Arabia, after King Salman came to power in 2015, in order to strengthen its foreign policy in pursuit of media hegemony and the use of media tools. It has been in dealing with regional rivals, such as helping to launch the anti-Iranian network "Iran International" against the Islamic Republic of Iran can be counted as one of these measures.

This research aims to analyze the political actions of clerics and bazaars as the traditional middle class of Iran in the last years of Pahlavi rule and the reasons for the formation of the public domain by the said group; It has been written based on the framework of Habermas' public domain theory and using descriptive and analytical methods. The findings of the research indicate that 1) the public sphere in Iran is affected by important reasons such as land reforms, military dealing with critics, dealing with clerics, bazaars and common people, adjustment of Pahlavi authoritarianism and the formation of incomplete modernity; The reasons that intensified the formation of the public sphere with the leadership of clerics and marketers; 2) The function of this field included the transfer of economic and social problems to the field of politics, public participation in political matters, and the formation of public opinion in Iran during the Pahlavi period; 3) The union of traditional bazaars with clerics and the formation of a Heyathaaye Motalefeh Eslami with a central role in the events of the Islamic Revolution was the result of the opposition of the then government to the formation of the public sphere; 4) Chamber of Commerce, although it was formed under the leadership of the government and in order to fight inflation in the last years of the Pahlavi era, but since it was born from the formation of the public sphere in Iran, it became an institution to confront the dire economic