نشریه یافته های تحقیقاتی در گیاهان زراعی و باغی
سال دهم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1400)

The new durum wheat cultivar, Sana (line DM-93-8) was initially introduced as a breeding line through 43rd International Durum Screening Nursery (IDSN) received from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CYMMIT) and was evaluated in Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) in Karaj. Sana was selected for further evaluations based on its high grain yield (7750 kgha-1) at the subsequent years. This line had average grain yield of 9675 kgha-1 in the regional preliminary yield trial in 2012-2013 cropping season. Line DM-93-8 had average grain yield of 6827 kgha-1 in the advanced yield trial, with no considerable difference with Dena check cultivar having grain yield of 6973 kgha-1 in 2013-2014, therefore this line was selected for the further evaluations. The regional elite yield trials were conducted in four stations of Isfahan, Karaj, Kermanshah and Neishabour in 2014-15 and 2015-16.  This line with 9025 kgha-1 had 16% higher grain yield than Dena check cultivar, with grain yield of 7779 kgha-1, and therefore was selected as superior line based on its grain yield and yield stability. Sana also has high quality of semolina, high protein content (12.2%) and high percentage of wet gluten (27%). The results of on-farm trials showed that this cultivar exhibited a 6% higher grain yield than newly released variety, Hana, as a local check in Kermanshah. Therefore, based on its high grain yield, yield stability, quality of semolina and its good level of resistance to yellow and leaf rusts, line DM-93-8 was released as a new durum wheat cultivar with the name of Sana for moderate agro-climate zone of Iran.

The new durum wheat cultivar, Sana (line DM-93-8) was initially introduced as a breeding line through 43rd International Durum Screening Nursery (IDSN) received from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CYMMIT) and was evaluated in Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) in Karaj. Sana was selected for further evaluations based on its high grain yield (7750 kgha-1) at the subsequent years. This line had average grain yield of 9675 kgha-1 in the regional preliminary yield trial in 2012-2013 cropping season. Line DM-93-8 had average grain yield of 6827 kgha-1 in the advanced yield trial, with no considerable difference with Dena check cultivar having grain yield of 6973 kgha-1 in 2013-2014, therefore this line was selected for the further evaluations. The regional elite yield trials were conducted in four stations of Isfahan, Karaj, Kermanshah and Neishabour in 2014-15 and 2015-16.  This line with 9025 kgha-1 had 16% higher grain yield than Dena check cultivar, with grain yield of 7779 kgha-1, and therefore was selected as superior line based on its grain yield and yield stability. Sana also has high quality of semolina, high protein content (12.2%) and high percentage of wet gluten (27%). The results of on-farm trials showed that this cultivar exhibited a 6% higher grain yield than newly released variety, Hana, as a local check in Kermanshah. Therefore, based on its high grain yield, yield stability, quality of semolina and its good level of resistance to yellow and leaf rusts, line DM-93-8 was released as a new durum wheat cultivar with the name of Sana for moderate agro-climate zone of Iran.

In order to introduce and promote high quality commercial cultivars in Iran, the apricot breeding program began in 1996 with the aim of achieving the desired cultivars. After conducting preliminary experiments, supplementary evaluations and regional experiments, the Parsi variety was released in 2018. This new variety is obtained from the crossing between Ghermez Shahroud × Nasiri 90 cultivars. The fruit of this variety has standard quality for drying and fresh market properties such as flesh firmness, long post-harvest life, free stone, high TSS (19%), red over color and good taste. On the other hand, the productivity and fruit quality of this variety is higher than most of other local genotypes. Also its flesh firmness of fruit, fresh consumptions and its T.S.S. is more than its parent Ghermez Shahroud cultivar. Parsi is self-incompatible and Ourdubad 90, Haft Baradaran and Jalil cultivars have been determined as the best pollinizers for its pollination. Based on the high quality of fruit and good yield of these varieties, they can be used as a commercial cultivar in the appropriate and well adapted areas along with Parsi cultivar.

One of the main production challenges of rainfed wheat is its instability. It seems that the main reasons for this instability are the weakness of genetic diversity and weak operation of agrotechnical methods causing its performance to fluctuate constantly. In order to evaluate genetic diversity and impact of the penetration coefficient of new wheat cultivars in the rainfed areas of Kurdistan province, a study was conducted by developing demonstration farms during the three cropping years 2015-2016 to 2017-2018. For this purpose, the newly released wheat cultivars were transferred to the lands in two cold and moderate cold regions in the form of demonstration farms and were evaluated along with the conventional or local cultivars using common agronomic practices based on instructions of experts. The results showed that during three consecutive years with different climatic conditions in terms of precipitation and temperature, Varan cultivar with grain yield of 1736 kgha-1 and 23% increase in yield, had a significant advantage over Sardari (local check) with grain yield of 1406 kgha-1. Other best cultivars were Baran, Ouhadi, Homa and Azar 2 with grain yield of 1664, 1549, 1496 and 1482 kgha-1, respectively, with grain yield advantages of 18, 10, 6 and 5% compared to Sardari. In moderate cold region, where Azar 2 cultivar is often cultivated, Varan, Rizhav, Ouhadi, Baran and Parav cultivars had mean grain yields of 2820, 2322, 2196, 2196 and 2193 kgha-1, respectively with 42, 17, 11, 11 and 11% increase in grain yield compared to Azar 2 as the local check cultivar with the grain yield of 1983 kgha-1. Therefore, Varan and Baran varieties are recommended for cultivation in cold regions and Varan, Reijaw (in low altitude regions), Ouhadi and Baran are recommended for cultivation moderate the cold regions of Kurdistan province.

Changing planting dates from spring sowing to Entezari sowing could increase the efficiency of rain use in rainfed farming. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of Entezari cultivation of chickpea cultivars, experiments were carried out in split plots as a randomized complete block design with three replications in two years. Two planting dates including spring and Entezari sowing and seven chickpea cultivars (Local landrace, Hashem, Arman, Azad, Saral, Adel and Sameen) were used in this study. This study was implemented from November 2016 at two cropping seasons in Boroujen region (Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province). The results showed that planting dates and cultivars were effective on 100-seed weight, number of pods per plant and grain yield. The interaction of planting date and cultivar was also effective on grain yield (p≤0.01). The results showed that the highest grain yield was obtained from Entezari sowing date (716.9 kg ha-1). In the Entezari sowing date, Adel cultivar had the highest grain yield (812.9 kg ha-1). In spring planting date, Arman cultivar had the highest grain yield (471.9 kg ha-1). In general, it seems that the use of Adel and Arman cultivars in Entezari sowing could be increased farmers' economic income by increasing grain yields (71.9%) at the same cost as spring crops.

Azin (line BJ30) is a new eggplant cultivar was initially selected, evaluated and introduced from a Borazjan eggplant landrace after evaluation in several years during 2007-2009 using pure line selection method (single plant selection). This line was always selected as one of the top genotypes during all experiments such as augmented, preliminary, advanced and compatibility and stability. BJ30 line was selected as a superior line in combined analysis of variances for regions in advanced yield experiments (2010) with a mean yield of 43.5 tons and a difference about 9 tons per hectare with control genotype and with appropriate quality characteristics. Other top lines entered compatibility and stability tests. Based on the results of combined analysis of compatibility and stability tests in Karaj, Dezful, Urmia, Jiroft and Sari regions for two yeras, line BJ30 with an average yield of 34.1 tons per hectare had the highest yield and was the second most stable genotype in stability analysis. Also, evaluation of the response of BJ30 promising line to fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt disease agents showed that this line is resistant to both of these diseases. BJ30 promising line was introduced as Azin cultivar in 2018 due to its very high yield, uniformity and suitable quality characteristics of fruit and resistance to common eggplant diseases.

The red bean Ofogh cultivar introduced to Iran in 1994 under the name of Line D81083 from the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and was evaluated in several experiments with breeding, agro-techniques, plant protection and onfarm aspects. This cultivar with grain yield of 2324 kgha-1 had 11% higher yield compared to the Goli check cultivar in evaluation of adaptability of red bean cultivars in Khomein region. Based on its grain yield and also due to early maturity, plant stand type, excellent grain size and good marketing this line was selected for further studies. Ofogh cultivar had the lowest yield reduction under drought stress conditions and had a lower susceptibility index and higher drought tolerance index compared to Goli check cultivar. Also, with an efficiency of 0.28 kgm-3 under drought stress conditions, it had a good water use efficiency. This cultivar is resistant to bean common mosaic virus disease. Also, it is 20-25 days early mature than conventional red bean cultivars and cut down at least four irrigations, where under flood irrigation conditions it will save at least 3400 m3 of water consumption. This cultivar is recommended for areas where cultivation of beans is not possible due to early autumn cold damage, or in the areas where bean planting time is delayed in spring due to coincidence with irrigation of autumn crops such as wheat, barley and canola.