نشریه یافته های تحقیقاتی در گیاهان زراعی و باغی
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1401)

Salinity stress is a major constrain of plant growth and limiting factor of crop production in arid and semi-arid regions in the world. Wheat cultivar Barzegar is derived from the cross between an Iranian highly adapted wheat, Pishtaz cultivar and Karchia cultivar (salt tolerant cultivar from India) as female and male parents, respectively, at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Cereal Research Department in Karaj. Subsequent selection among segregating populations of this hybrid was done at experimental field of Yazd station. Results of yield trials and on-farm evaluations in the temperate zone showed that under salinity stress conditions (EcSoil =8-12 dsm-1 & EcWater =8-13 dsm-1), Barzegar exhibited a superior performance compared to the check cultivars Bam and Arg, and its average grain yield was 659 kg (16.5%) higher than average grain yield of check cultivars. Based on ranking method Barzegar had high stability and adaptability under saline conditions compared to the check cultivars. Under farmer's conditions trials its average grain yield was 4381 kgha-1, nearly 20% higher than average grain yield of check cultivars (3648 kgha-1). Barzegar exhibits lodging resistance and has non-shattering spikes, but has moderately resistant susceptible infection responses to rusts. However, under dry conditions of saline areas of Iran no susceptibility to these diseases is observed. Based on good agronomic performance consist of resistance to lodging and shattering, and high adaptability and stability and good quality in saline condition compared to checks (Bam, Arg and Ofogh), Barzegar released for cultivation in the saline areas (with saline water/soil) farms of temperate zone, in Iran.

Advantage of native populations of Persian clover to increase quantity and quality of the forage yield, high diversity among the native clover populations of Iran and the lack of registered cultivars driven from these landraces are important reasons for introducing new clover cultivars with native origin in the country. Pars cultivar was selected by pure line selection method in 1999 from 22 native multi cuts clover populations. In 2000-2001, the seed of primary population were planted and superior single plants in each row were selected based on comparison with the native population of Baladeh Kazerun as check cultivar. Then, the selected single plants (top 150 lines) were compared in an alpha lattice design with two replications in 2002-2003. Selected top lines during 2004-2005 were compared in three regions of Karaj, Shahrekord and Broujerd in a semi-final performance trial. To determine the stability and value for cultivation and use (VCU) of the top 15 selected lines, these lines were compared in a completed randomized block design in five regions of Karaj, Boroujerd, Shahrekord, Arak and Sanandaj in 2006-2007. Evaluation of the reaction of selected Iranian clover lines to rust and black clover spot in 2007-2008 cropping year was performed in Boroujerd station under natural infection in the field. To determine the quality and nutritional value of selected lines, an experiment was conducted in Karaj in 2008-2009 cropping year. The results showed that promising Iranian clover lines KPC-EqlidFars-78-4 with 19.9% protein content was superior to the control. In the cropping year 2015- 2016, a research-extension experiment was conducted to compare the forage yield of promising Iranian clover lines KPC-EqlidFars-78-4 with a local control (Harati) in Boroujerd. The results showed that line KPC-EqlidFars-78-4 under farmers' conditions had 72.65 tons per hectare of wet forage yield and 11.56 tons per hectare of dry matter yield with 10.60 and 12.20% superiority to the local control, respectively, Its appropriate optimal use of spring rainfall due to its high growth rate and possibility of mechanized harvesting, due to standing form and high height, early maturity and shorter growing period can result in less irrigation in one growing season, high forage yield potential, especially in onset of the season and also its resistance to rust and black spot diseases that is common in the native population, were some important characteristics of Pars cultivar for release and cultivation in the cold and temperate regions.

Ariyan cultivar (line KS10071) was selected from common bean germplasm (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). In an observational evaluation of 302 common bean lines in 2014 in Karaj, Ariyan cultivar along with 24 desirable and marketable lines were selected for a preliminary yield trial. In 2015, 25 lines were compared with Sunray, Valentino and Contander check cultivars in summer cultivation. According to the results, eight desirable lines without string in pods and marketability were selected for the next year's cultivation. In the spring of 2016, eight lines were planted along with the commercial cultivars Sunray, Valentino and Contander. According to the results, all eight lines were selected for adaptability testing. To evaluate the adaptability and yield stability of the selected lines, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in three regions of Karaj, Sari and Zarghan during two years (2017-2018) and eight lines were compared with commercial cultivars Sunray and Valentino. Results showed that the Ariyan cultivar with 14850 kgha-1 green pod yield had 10% and 14% more yield than Valentino and Sunray commercial cultivars, respectively. In these experiments, no signs of mosaic virus and two spotted mites were observed in this cultivar. In 2019, the results of yield evaluation of Ariyan cultivar under conditions of farmers in Alborz and Mazandaran provinces showed that the average of green pod yield of Ariyan cultivar (15748 kgha-1) was 4.98% higher than Valentino cultivar (15001 kgha-1). In 2020, this cultivar was recognized as a tolerant cultivar in the reaction to BCMV virus. Due to the desirable characteristics of Ariyan cultivar such as high green pod yield, excellent pod marketing, uniformity of pods and tolerance to BCMV disease, this cultivar was released as Ariyan and is recommended for cultivation in the cold, temperate and temperate cold regions of Iran.

Determining the optimal planting pattern and plant density plays a decisive role in achieving optimal yields in crops, including sesame. In order to determine the best planting pattern and plant density, an experiment was conducted in 2017 and 2018 in Mashhad region with cold and dry climate. The experiment was performed as a factorial in the form of a basic randomized complete block design with three replications. In this research, experimental treatments including planting pattern (cultivation of one and two rows on the ridge), plant density (20, 30 and 40 plants per square meter) and sesame genotypes (Esfarayen local variety and Oltan cultivar) were examined. The results showed that changing cultivation pattern from one-row to two-rows reduced grain yield by 19% in Oltan cultivar and 15% in Esfarayen genotype. In addition, the results indicated that in Esfarayen genotype and in one-row planting pattern, increasing plant density not only did not increase grain yield but also in the higher plant density caused a significant lower grain yield compared to the other plant densities. In Oltan cultivar and in one-row planting pattern, changes in plant density had no significant effect on grain yield. However, in comparison between the two genotypes and in one-row planting pattern, the grain yield of Oltan cultivar was higher in each plant density treatment compared to the Esfarayen genotype. In addition, results revealed that Oltan cultivar with 567 kgha-1 grain yield compared to Esfarayen local genotype with 522 kgha-1 grain yield, significantly performed better. In general, as a promotional recommendation for sesame cultivation in Mashhad region, we can suggest that cultivation of Oltan cultivar in one row on the ridge with a density of 20 plants per square meter.