International Journal of Pediatrics
Volume:11 Issue: 109, Jan 2023

Due to the importance of Anthropometrical and Physiological Parameters in Weightlifting performance, this study aimed to investigate the performance of Snatch and Clean and Jerk in young elite boys in relation to anthropometric and physiological parameters, for talent identification and performance predicting, in Ardabil, 2019. The subjects of this descriptive study were 30 elite male weightlifters aged 13-15, participating in the country’s selection competition in 2019 in Ardabil. The anthropometric and physiological parameters were measured. The relationships between the variables were measured by Pearson correlation coefficient. In anthropometric parameters, Clean and Jerk performance of young elite male weightlifter positively correlated with weight, height, BMI, sitting height, arm span, head, chest, waist, and hips circumference, humerus, forearm, and palm length, shoulder, and lumbar width, humerus, elbow, forearm, wrist, and palm circumference, fingers length, tight, tibia, and foot length, tight, knee, tibia, and ankle circumference, tight, ankle, and foot width, and Snatch performance. In contrast, biceps fat was negatively correlated with Snatch and Clean and Jerk performance. In physiological parameters, Snatch and Clean and Jerk performance was positively associated with right and left hand strength, leg strength, and leg power (high jump) (P<0.05). The results of this study can help coaches in selecting talented teenage weightlifters with spending less time and money; so that they can gain more success in reaching the peak of athletic performance.

Among urinary tract anomalies, hydronephrosis is particularly important, so it is the most common congenital defect that is detected in a pregnancy ultrasound. The causes of hydronephrosis are varying from transient to severe disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the types of anatomical disorders of the urinary system in neonates with a history of prenatal hydronephrosis.

In this cross-sectional study, 40 neonates with prenatal hydronephrosis were examined. In infants with severe bilateral hydronephrosis, posterior urethral valve (PUV) in male fetus, dilated bladder, and trabeculae, ultrasound was performed as soon as possible, and in the rest of the infants in 3-7 days. In cases of mild hydronephrosis, the infant was followed, and in moderate and severe cases voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) was performed in 6-8 weeks. In the absence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), a diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA) scan was performed to exclude obstructive uropathy. The data was analyzed through SPSS 26, using Fisher’s exact test and repeated measures ANOVA.

Among 40 neonates (33 boys), the prevalence of anatomical disorders of the urinary system was 77.5%, and Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction (UPJO) was the most frequent one with 54.8%. In infants with UPJO disorder, the mean anterior-posterior diameter (APD) of the pelvis increased significantly from the second trimester to infancy (p<0.001).

The risk of adverse postnatal outcomes is significantly increased by the degree of prenatal hydronephrosis. Prenatal pelvic APD and associated urinary tract abnormalities can predict significant neonatal nephropathy and the need for postpartum surgery. Prenatal consultation with a pediatric nephrologist and urologist is helpful in reducing parental anxiety and facilitating postpartum management.

The present research aimed at comparing the effect of play therapy and selected sports exercises on self-confidence, physical self-efficacy and mental toughness in children.

This study followed a semi-experimental design. The statistical population included children aged 9 to 11 years. The participants included 60 children divided into one control (group 1) two experimental groups (groups 2, and 3), each comprising 20 individuals. Group 2 was under the training of play therapy and group 3 enjoyed selected sports exercises. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used for analyzing the data.

It was found that there is a significant difference between the three groups in the average self-confidence, mental toughness, and physical self-efficacy. The influence of selected sports exercises on self-confidence, mental toughness and physical self-efficacy of children was revealed to be more than that of play therapy.

Morning reports were held virtual after the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in the world and Iran. We used the Skyroom platform, which was not used previously. The novelty of this method caused us to evaluate the learners' opinions about the advantages and disadvantages of the virtual method compared to the classic face-to-face one. This was a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study during 2021. The population included the interns and residents of Pediatrics. Their opinions were assessed through a questionnaire at Bahrami Children's Hospitals, Children’s Medical Center, and Valiasr Hospitals in Tehran regarding the two methods of holding the morning report. The questionnaires were distributed and completed in a period of 6 months in 2021. A total of one hundred and twelve interns and residents were included. According to them, the virtual method had a higher score in terms of increasing information technology skills and easier interpretation of the paraclinical results. The advantages of the virtual method were: no need for physical presence, availability, ease of use of the application, and time-saving as well as better prevention and protection of COVID-19. The only disadvantage of this method was the occasional low-quality of audio and video. Also, in the virtual method, there was less possibility of participating in the discussion. More than half of the participants wanted to hold face-to-face meetings with the possibility of virtual participation in future. Virtual training platforms have been able to eliminate some of the face-to-face training problems. Online morning reports can be a satisfactory complement to face-to-face ones.

Asthma and allergy symptoms are usually intermittent in nature and may not manifest in the clinical examination to the extent that affect the patient; this presents a challenge to the general practitioners (GPs) or the patient in the diagnosis and follow-up treatment phases. The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 175 GPS. For collecting the data, the researchers-made online version of the Knowledge and Attitude questionnaire was uploaded in virtual networks, and all GPS were individually asked to fill the questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out using mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, independent t and regression statistical tests in SPSS ver. 16. It was found that 134 (76.6%) of the GPs had a partially true attitude and 41 (23.4%) of them had an excellent attitude. Also, GPs had moderate and excellent knowledge in 157 (89.7%) and 18 (10.3%) cases, respectively. The mean ± SD of the overall score of knowledge and attitude towards asthma was equal to 55.04 ± 3.98. The overall score of the questionnaire and the score of all of its domains significantly correlated with age and years of work experience (p<0.05). Considering that most of the GPs in the present study had moderate knowledge and attitude towards asthma management, it is necessary to conduct educational interventions for this group of medical staff.

It has been well documented that participating in regular sport activities can promote physical and mental health in children. However, recent data revealed that most children worldwide tend to be less physically active and do not participate in regular sport activities. Therefore, it is important to find the factors affecting participation of children in regular sport activities. Hence, in this study, the effects of the use of sports brands on children’s participation in sports activities has been investigated, considering the mediating role of appearance, attractiveness, enjoyment, and social identity. Sample of the study included 384 boys and girls aged 10 to 12 years old. The children were selected by the use of convenience sampling. Data was collected using standard and self-made questionnaires. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), using Lisrel software, was used to examine structural relationships between research variables. SEM results revealed that sport brands had significant and direct effects on sports participation. Appearance, attractiveness, enjoyment, and social identity had also significant and direct effects on sports participation. In addition, appearance, attractiveness, enjoyment, and social identity significantly and directly mediated the association between sport brand and sports participation. Results of model fit showed that our model has a good fit (RMSEA=0.07). This study shows that using sport brands may play a significant role in the participation of children in sport activities, confirming the importance of sport brands on sports participation among children.

several studies have revealed the positive effects of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity on student performance and academic achievement. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a specific physical activity program on academic performance among children aged 9 to 14 in the Lebanese schools. Participants were eligible if they did not participate in any sport activity during the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the first semester of the academic year 2020 – 2021 and were able to complete a three-month PA program at the BH CLUB-KYOKUSHIN JAMMAL academy with no psychological or physical limitations. A well-trained physical coach established a PA program consisting of karate and general fitness exercises for three months, three times per week, one hour per session. Academic performance was measured using the official marks from three core academic classes at each school, as well as the overall GPA. Out of 250 eligible children, only 60 students, 47 males and 13 females, with a mean age of 11.7 ± 1.68 years old, participated in the study. All scores for all participants from both genders improved significantly (p<0.05) with exception of mathematics and science scores of the females. Furthermore, no significant gender differences were observed in any of the variables with p-value>0.05 and a size effect of Cohen’s d<0.219. PA had a significant impact on academic achievement in children aged 9 to 14 years old, and it may help to offset the unavoidable negative impact of the COVID-19 outbreak. As a result, Lebanon's parents and schools should prioritize PA for their children.

Early diagnosis and treatment of Wilson's disease in childhood can reduce long-term and life-threatening complications in these patients. Considering the lack of a database of Wilson's patients in Iranian patients, the present study was carried out with the primary objective of determining clinical and laboratory presentations in children with Wilson's disease referred to Akbar Hospital in Mashhad.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on children under 18 years of age with Wilson's disease who had presented to Akbar Children's Hospital in Mashhad during 2018-2019. The acquired information included demographic information, primary clinical symptoms (hepatic, cerebral, and psychological symptoms), and laboratory findings, including liver laboratory profile (AST, ALT, and ALP tests), coagulation tests, albumin, total serum protein, and direct and indirect bilirubin, and Wilson's diagnostic tests.

In total, 25 patients with an average age of 15.88±4.54 years were included in this study. Hepatosplenomegaly, Kayser–Fleischer ring, and jaundice were observed in 72%, 68%, and 48% of patients, respectively. Gender of patients was not significantly correlated with the clinical and laboratory findings of Wilson’s disease (P<0.05). 24-hour urine copper level was higher than 100 micrograms in 82.6% of patients. Serum ceruloplasmin level was lower than 200 mg/liter in 90% of patients. Serum ceruloplasmin levels in patients with ascites (P=0.04) and patients with lower limb edema (P=0.02) were higher than those in patients without these findings. Moreover, a lower 24-hour urinary copper level was detected in patients with seizures (P=0.03), and patients with depression (P=0.005) compared to patients without these conditions. The 24-hour urine copper levels were higher in patients with jaundice than in those without jaundice (P=0.01).

Hepatosplenomegaly, Kayser–Fleischer ring, and jaundice are common symptoms in under 18-year-old patients with Wilson's disease. Considering the findings regarding the high levels of serum ceruloplasmin and copper in 24-hour urine in a significant

The main goal of the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is to reduce mortality. PRISM is one of the predictor models of mortality in patients admitted to the PICU. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of thrombocytopenia on the predicted death rate (PDR) in pediatrics admitted to the PICU, by the PRISM scoring system. This cross-sectional study was performed on patients admitted to the PICU of Akbar Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, from March 2019 to March 2020. Based on the information collected during the first 4 h of patient admission to the PICU, the PRISM score was calculated by the PRISM online calculator. The percentage of PDR calculated for each patient indicated the possibility of patient mortality. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software (Version 25, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) at the significant level of α=0.05. The results of the data analysis demonstrated that along with increasing the severity of thrombocytopenia, an increase in the average PDR was observed. Furthermore, the findings revealed a significant correlation between the average PDR and the death of patients. It can be concluded that the effect of thrombocytopenia on mortality is greater than that considered in the PRISM scoring system.

Hereditary Hearing Loss (HL) is one of the most prevalent sensorineural disorders worldwide. Several hundreds of genes have been reported to have associations with this condition. Autosomal Recessive Non-Syndromic Hearing Loss (ARNSHL), with the highest frequency of severe to profound types of deafness, is responsible for the majority of non-syndromic HL. DFNB1 locus containing gap junction beta-2 protein (GJB2) gene is the main reported pathogenic variant in most cases of non-syndromic deafness globally. In the present study, we investigated the allele frequency of c.35delG mutation among families with different ethnicities residing in Golestan province of Iran.

Audiological assessments, including pure-tone audiometry (PTA), tympanometry, and otoacoustic emission (OAE) tests, have been conducted to include and group subjects. Blood samples have been taken from probands and all their family members; and they have undergone allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (ASPCR) test. Moreover, direct sequencing has been performed to confirm the PCR results.

In our study, 28 out of 128 families with ARNSHL had c.35delG mutation. We observed that 15.4% of subjects had c.35delG+/c.35delG+ genotype, 7.4% had c.35delG+/normal genotype and 77.2% had no c.35delG mutation. The overall allele frequency of c.35delG is 19.1%. Regarding the consanguineous marriage rate, the Sistani ethnic group showed the highest (91%), and Azeris had the lowest rates (55%).

The present work showed that severe forms of ARNSHL are associated with c.35delG homozygous mutation in comparison to other genotypes. We also demonstrated that c.35delG mutation is more prevalent in Turkmen and Fars ethnic groups in Golestan province of Iran.

The most important complication of X-ray overdose is the increased risk of malignancies, especially cancers in children. The present study was, then, conducted to evaluate the effective dose of cumulative radiation among the under-12 patients referred to the CT-scan unit of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, during 2018. This descriptive study was performed on 120 patients who were selected through census sampling method. A data collection form and the patient's medical records were implemented for collecting the required information. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software with a significance level of 0.05. The average absorbed dose per unit volume was 19.90±2.07 for the head, 3.45 ±1.22 for the neck, 2.07±1.58 for the chest, and for the abdomen and pelvis it was equal to 1.76±1.69. The mean absorption dose per unit volume was significantly different between the two organs while comparing the chest with neck (P=0.003), abdomen and pelvis with neck (P=0.0001) and abdomen and pelvis with chest (P=0.0001) (P<0.05). The mean absorption dose along the length was 278.20 ±71.75 for the head, 86.88 ±39.64 for the neck, 56.10±47.66 for the chest, and for the abdomen and pelvis it was 24.64 ±15.56. The mean absorption dose along the length was significantly different while comparing the abdomen and pelvis with neck (P=0.0001) and abdomen and pelvis with chest (P=0.0001) (P<0.05). The thickness was 4.8 mm in the head, 3 mm in the neck, 8 mm in the chest, and 5 mm in the abdomen and pelvis. By calculating the dose indices in children, and comparing them with the internationally approved normal doses, we can minimize the harmful effects of radiation on children. The staff and radiologists should be trained about the protocols and principles of radiation protection, as well as the quality control of devices.

Dental anomalies can lead to aesthetic and functional problems. This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of dental anomalies among the 12-18-year- old orthodontic patients who were referred to the orthodontics department of Kerman dental school, Iran, in a 5- year period.

This study was a retrospective research, performed on 299 records of patients referred to the orthodontic department. Patients' records from 2017-2021 were evaluated  for the presence of hypotonia, microdontia, transposition, hyperdontia, macrodontia, impacted teeth except wisdom teeth and type of occlusion as well as the demographic characteristics (age, gender). The data were entered into a checklist and analyzed in SPSS statistical software using Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests at a significant level of 0.05.

Out of 299 patients, 87 (29.1%) were male and 212 (70.9%) female. The mean age was 16.33 ± 2.90 years. One hundred and eighteen patients (39.5%) had class 1 occlusion. Fifty-two cases (17.39%) had dental anomalies. Hypodontia with 8% and impacted teeth with 7.7% were the two most common anomalies. The most common teeth with hypodontia was maxillary lateral incisor and the most common impacted teeth was maxillary canine. The highest number of anomalies      was observed in class 1 occlusion. There was no statistically significant relationship between the type of occlusion and the type of dental anomaly, gender and age (p>0.05). The prevalence of dental anomalies in the maxilla was significantly higher than mandible.

The results of this study showed that the prevalence of dental anomalies was (17.39%). It is recommended to pay attention to the existence of dental anomalies in order to reduce aesthetic and functional problems.

Fingers’ swan neck deformity is an uncommon sign in neonates. This deformity has much pathology in adults such as prolonged rheumatoid diseases, tearing or weakness of ligaments or increased spasticity of muscles. In this article we report on a neonate case of swan neck deformity and discuss the possible disorders which have possibly caused this deformity. Our infant is a known case of asphyxia so we are also going to discuss that swan necks may be a complication or a comorbidity of asphyxia.

Our infant is a two month-old male preterm newborn, hospitalized due to seizures. The infant has a history of intrauterine growth retardation and perinatal asphyxia. On physical examination the patient was hypotonic and reflexes were decreased and there was a deformity on the hands which is very similar to swan neck deformity seen in adults. We requested different paraclinical modalities such as electroencephalogram, electromyography and nerve conduction velocity, computed tomography to rule out different possible diagnoses for the deformity (e.g., Ehlers Danlos syndrome, leukocyte adhesion deficiency). According to the results of the investigations, no reason was found for this deformity in the infant, and it seems that this deformity is one of the complications of asphyxia or has occurred in association with it.

Swan neck deformity is a very rare finding on neonates. It was observed in a newborn with perinatal asphyxia, and different commonly known causes of this deformity were ruled out in this newborn. Therefore, in our opinion, this deformity can possibly be one of the late manifestations of asphyxia in a newborn.

The current study was conducted to examine the psychometric properties, including internal consistency, content validity, construct validity of the scale through which the attitude of girls and menopause women were compared. This is a psychometric study on 350 healthy postmenopausal Iranian women referred to healthcare centers in Semnan and Mashhad cities. The study is conducted in two phases: revalidating the scale of Attitude toward Menopause (ATM) in the Iranian context and then comparing the attitudes of girls and menopause women. Due to the special circumstances caused by the Corona crisis and the lack of direct access to girls, as well as the limited research time, a number of ATM questionnaires were completed online and some in person by 200 postmenopausal women and 200 adolescent girls. Mean age of subjects were 55.45±5.58 years. Cronbach's alpha was 0.68% and original modified model was reported to be unidentified. Therefore, the exploratory factor analysis was performed through principal-component analysis with varimax rotation. Given the results of scree plot, eigenvalues and the interpretability of the different factor solutions, five factors were identified as the most appropriate predictors of attitude toward menopause. These five factors explained 48% of variance. In the second phase of the study, 200 postmenopausal women and 200 girls participated. The mean score of attitude of postmenopausal women was 45.67 66 5.66 and the mean score of attitude of girls was 48.75 74 5.74; and the difference between the mean scores was found to be statistically significant (00 0.001). The correlation coefficient between age and attitude score was equal to (r = -0.228, P˂0.001). In other words, for each year of increasing the age of the participants, their attitude score was reduced by 0.228 and this decrease was significant. Our findings revealed that attitude toward menopause Checklist (ATM) should be modified in accordance with Iranian culture to predispose for feasible assessment of attitudes towards menopause. Further investigations are needed to evaluate all of the psychometric properties of this scale. The findings of the second part of the study showed that the attitude of adolescent girls is significantly more positive than postmenopausal women.