مجله مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاه های انسانی
پیاپی 60 (پاییز 1401)

Empowerment is one of the new ways of development aimed at improving performance, increasing productivity, capacity utilization and preparing for future challenges.The term 'empowerment' generally means the capacity of the individual or group to determine their own affairs. The term has been widely used in a variety of fields including psychology, management, education, women's studies and sociology. In this research the issue of economic empowerment of rural households covered by Imam Relief Committee regarding the main policies of this committee in the central area of Guilan province using was studied using questionnaire technique by the number of 345 cases.Based on the results of the study, among the two indicators studied in the economic sector, which were qualitatively examined through the Likert spectrum, the subsistence level of households with a mean score of 2.52 is better than the financial independence index. In second place is the level of financial independence of clients with a mean score of 2.45.Based on the results of the study, among the four policies studied, Satisfaction with the credit guidance policy of targeting subsidies to households with a mean score of 2.78 is ranked first. In second place is satisfaction with insurance service policy with average score of 2.67. Satisfaction with the policies of rural housing provision and repayment of credit are also ranked third and fourth with average scores of 2.61 and 2.53..

Cities are the place of connection and spatial organization of forces and natural, social, economic and physical processes in the context of the geographical environment that form the various relations and currents of man and the environment that govern the political system. Meanwhile, political economy and its components are one of the influential indicators on the changes and transformations of urban spaces. The purpose of this study is to identify the effective components of political economy on spatial organization of Rasht metropolis. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical. Multi-criteria technique (Dematel) has been used to identify the effective and efficient components of political economy on the spatial organization of Rasht metropolis. Findings indicate that among the economic, physical and political-managerial components of political economy, land rent variables, to create commercial (economic) centers; Changes in the distribution system of land uses (physical) and the variable of not dealing with land rent in the urban management system (political-managerial) have the most effective role in the spatial organization of Rasht metropolis, respectively.

Housing is a need which has raised in natural and human-made environments different responses and each society, dependent on its needs and facilities as well as economic, socialResearch

The aim of this study and cultural limitations, has shaped it differently. present study was conducted with the aim of an analysis of prioritizing housing indicators in the cities of West Azarbaijan Province.Research

This research is of applied type which tried to evaluate the important and influential components in this area. And to be analyzed, data were collected from the Center for Statistics of the Year of 1395 in West Azarbaijan, Iran. For analysis of the research data, factor analysis and KMO tests were used in SPSS software.

Regarding the results of applying factor analysis, the townships were divided into four enjoyed, relatively enjoyed, deprived and very deprived levels. Findings of the research indicate that Orumieh Township is at the first rank with the score as 3.47 and Chaldaran Township is in the 17th rank with the score -3.25 among 17 townships in West Azerbaijan Province. 23.52% of townships are at the highly enjoyed level, 26.3% at the enjoyed level, 35.29% at the relatively enjoyed level, 23.52% at the deprived level, and 17.64% are at the very deprived level. At last, using cluster analysis and drawing Dendrogram, townships were classified into homogenous townships.

In general, findings indicate the difference and inequality among townships in enjoying housing indicators. These differences indicate changes in the statuses of townships both quantitatively and qualitatively in terms of housing by being affected by natural, economic, social, and political factors.

Since historical buildings are among the first places that most travelers encounter and most of the image of the village is formed, so addressing this issue is inevitable. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of valuable rural textures in the development of tourism in the villages of Samam district of Amlash city in Gilan province. . To evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, 5 experts in the field of rural planning were used. Cronbach's alpha was used to check the reliability, which is 0.81 and is in good condition. In the data analysis section, the data were analyzed using spss22 and AMOS software. The results showed that in general, valuable rural textures on tourism development with an impact factor of 0.21 and a significance rate of 0.004, economic index on tourism development with an impact factor of 0.33 and a significant value of 0.001, social index on development Tourism with an impact factor of 0.34 and a significance rate of 0.000 and a physical index has been effective on tourism development with an impact factor of 0.72 and a significance rate of 0.000. The results showed that the physical index had the most impact on tourism development with an impact factor of 0.72 and a significance rate of 0.000, and the economic index had the least impact on tourism development with an impact factor of 0.33 and a significance rate of 0.001.

The suitability of the urban spaces depends on the ability of them to respond on the needs of their users. Despite the fact that women make up half the city's population, does not pay attention to the design and construction of urban spaces. It is necessary is to explain the intellectual definitions of women in relation to urban spaces so that can be extracted the factors that increase the quality of women's presence in these spaces. Urban spaces around the holy shrines because of its religious nature have created a good bed for the free and secure presence of women without gender-based attitudes. This research has tried to explain the qualities of special urban spaces (the space around holy shrines) from the Perceptual-Semantic System of Women so answer the reasons for the presence of women in different spaces.For this reason, the present study uses the Qualitative research method to explain the features of particular urban spaces and the existing powers in them. Qualitative data in this study were collected using participatory observation methods and deep interviewing technique. The "grounded theory" method has been used to analyze information and present the final theory.Qualitative findings using the Grounded theory showed that the eight factors of the total observer, respect for space, hidden mental territory, fear of fault, hope for encouragement, educational dimension of space and privacy as essential powers are effective in increasing the presence of women.

Cities are important tourist destinations. Many tourists visit historical monuments during their travels. But in many cases, they do not have much information about their historical geography. For this reason, they do not have deep perceptions of cities. Cities have been one of the most important social fields, throughout history, that Many historical, political and cultural challenges have occurred in them, that following these challenges, the location of cities has moved. Some of them have lost their role and importance due to natural and historical events, and perhaps cities that have gained new importance following a political decision.Guilan is one of the most important tourist destinations in Iran. But the main motivation of tourists is mainly to use the natural attractions of Guilan. Few people know how the two cities of Lahijan in Guilan Biepish and Fooman in Giulan Biepas, where the government was based of them in the past, have given up their role to a small town, Rasht, following a political decision, Or how a fishing village called Anzali is formed into a port and tourist city and this city becomes a refuge for expelled Polish, Russian and Armenian immigrants, or how with the limitation of political and economic relations between Iran and the former Soviet Union, Karganrood has declined and its inhabitants are moving to the current location of Hashtpar, which is one of the most active cities in the province today.This article tries to analyze the cities of Rasht, Lahijan, Fooman, Bandar Anzali and Talesh from the perspective of historical geography And define spatial-historical developments these cities with the aim of amplifing a deeper view of them. With the hope that this research can be a basis for a better and deeper understanding of Iranian cities and explain the relationship between historical geography, cities and tourism.The research method is documentary and field observations and the historical maps of these cities have been used to explain their historical geography.

Given that today there are significant developments in the field of urbanization, especially population and migration, so future research and a vision for the future in adopting population policies, strategies and programs can be beneficial and ultimately likely to occur. To further the desirable future. The purpose of this study is to investigate the future of population and migration changes in the cities of North, Razavi and South Khorasan provinces. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The method of data collection is also documentary and field. The trend impact analysis method has been used for future research on population changes and migration. The results show that according to population and migration forecasts, the urban population in Khorasan province during the years 1330-1394 has an increasing trend, but the population growth rate will continue to decline, as we approach the coming years the number of migrants. Also reduced. 50 key factors and 13 factors affecting population and urban migration in Khorasan provinces are considered by experts and ratings in micmac software. Using Scenario Wizard software, 3 strong or probable scenarios, 11 high compatibility scenarios and 261 weak scenarios, were extracted. Of the 3 and 11 scenarios, only three scenarios, which are more robust than the other scenarios, show a favorable population and urban migration in the coming years.

After more than a decade of dehumanization, the evaluation of the functioning of this popular institution has been considered;With an overview of the villages in the central region of Guilan, it can be seen that most of the villages have evolved from the physical-spatial dimension, but in other dimensions, especially the economic dimension, they have been unsuccessful.As development should be realized in all its dimensions, rural pathology can be traced along with the pathology of current rural management.The statistical population of this research is the central region of Guilan province, which includes: Rasht-Rudbar-Anzali-Sumi-Sara-Shafteh and Fouman; totaling 939 villages.To select the sample, villages with a selection were selected.Selection of villages is done according to the geographical location in an optional manner.10 very large villages are selected. 40 percent of the big villages - 20 percent of the middle villages and 10 percent of the small villages are considered as examples. In total, 120 villages are exemplary.In the context of the main hypothesis of the research, it has been proved that the new rural management system and the development of the villages in the central region of Guilan are damaged and the most damage is in the environmental-ecological areas.Also, based on the number of collected responses, the lack of proper planning for waste management, the problem of disposal of surface water and household sewage, and land use change as the most important environmental-ecological damage.

Walking the roads as part of urban spaces creates an area for the occurrence of social,political, memory creation and collective emotional expression.the present study seeks to answer the question that,on foot of the central portion of the Rasht city,what extent has been successful in achieving economic,social and physical-environmental indicators and the purpose of this research is to identify the most important indices of urban smart growth in pedestrian design.the method of research is descriptive and analytic with the use of interview technique and questionnaire.effective indicators in the best of land use in 4 physical,environmental,comfort and comfort and activities were extracted and evaluated and each of these indices rated relative marks on the basis of their role and importance.the results of this thesis in terms of physical indices showed that the width of the path is ranked seventh with a score of 3/55 on the first and proper design of the body body with a score of 2/11.In the environmental sector,the score of 2/71 has the best condition.the index of noise pollution index is ranked first with a score of 3/41.Ease of access and security indicators are ranked second and third with scores of 3/47 and 3/45,respectively.the results of the studies on the indicators of use and activities indicate that the index of diversity of users with a score of 3/68 is higher than other indices.also,indicators of the possibility of loading and unloading of trade units and sign indices are ranked second and third with scores of 2/83 and 2/72 respectively.

Currently, Kashan city is exposed to problems and issues as diverse as environmental pollution, resource demolition, the declination in natural spaces and consequently increasing citizens' requirement for sustainable environment. In this regard, one of the strategies is to respect urban sustainable development in order to achieve the spatial equilibrium of cities in the form of a strategic approach.

The present study intends to analyze the current situation (capabilities and restrictions) of Kashan in the field of urban environment, to present key strategies for environmental sustainability of the city in the form of strategic planning.MethodologyThe type of research is applied in terms of purpose and regarding the research method, it is descriptive-analytical. Documentation and survey were the methods applied for data collection and research plan. The technique used to analyze the data is the SWOT-AHP compilation model.Geographical area of researchThe area where the research has been conducted in, was Kashan city currently ranked the second in terms of population and industry after the city of Isfahan in the province.

Surveys show the city of Kashan, is exposed to environmental issues such as industrial wastewater and pollutants, severe soil erosion, destruction and annihilation of gardens and agricultural lands to converse to residential and industrial spaces and the flaw of urban wastewater removal system due to diverse reasons such as population increase, physical and industrial severe development. These issues have caused the city's environmental instability and has taken urban management in serious challenges. Therefore, considering such environmental problems and challenges in Kashan, a new approach such as strategic planning is required to provide it feasible to formulate, determine and prioritize strategies for environmental sustainable development of the city Through changing and analyzing the current situation of Kashan city in the field of urban environment.

The results show that the current environmental structure of the city is exposed to internal weaknesses on one hand and external threats on the other hand. Therefore, defensive strategies (WT) are acceptable strategies in the environmental area of Kashan that should be regarded in the priority of environmental sustainable development plans in Kashan.

The ultimate goal of many projects and programs implemented in rural areas is to improve the residents' quality of life. Due to resource limitations, policymakers should provide the most efficient route to distribute scarce resources on the path to people's needs and priorities. This can be achieved applying the results of related research as the input of the decision process. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and is an exploratory one which has been carried out using descriptive-comparative method. The statistical population consisted of all household heads residing in the historical-cultural tourism target villages (over 30 households) in Marvdasht County (2269 household heads). The sample size was determined 170 ones based on Cochran's formula and a simple random sampling method was applied. Additionally, in order to compare, 170 household heads were selected in non-target tourist villages as a control group. The ranking of the indicators was conducted according to the Morris model (D.I. coefficient) and the degree of dispersion of the studied indicators was determined using the coefficient of variation (C.V.). The results of D.I. showed that the objective quality of life of tourism target villages with a coefficient of (0.49) is in a relatively suitable condition and non-targeted tourism villages with a coefficient of (0.39) are in an unfavorable condition. Comparison of (C.V.) revealed that tourism has increased the residents' quality of life in such a way that it has the greatest impact on the indicators of physical, local livelihood and environmental sustainabilit; and environmental dimension

Urban texture especially Texture worn out and history with the physical, historical and cultural values inherent in itself, Have the best signs of urban identity. Which can be considered as an opportunity for the development and growth of the region, the city or even the country (Babaifard et al., 2015: 2). Due to the age and historical value of these tissues can be between them and the tourism industry, it contributed to the development and improvement of the economic fabric of the country. Therefore, in order to achieve the drivers of this development, Comprehensive and integrated approach and discussion of issues such as the integration of culture and economy Creating creativity, as well as providing infrastructure in the context, can be effective in realizing this. Essentially, creativity is a summary of the common, political and non-political representation of the city. In particular, the role of national and local governments People's participation in shaping the city's social and economic policies should be increased (Liu and et al, 2017: 2). In fact, today, the review of urban texture with a tourism approach there is a direct relationship with creativity and sustainability in the context and in order to create tourism, sustainability must be considered in all social, economic, environmental and physical dimensions (García et al., 2015; 1016 Romeiro, 2016: 3). So that it can be achieved through the creativity of a sustainable city of tourism (Wise, 2016: 42).

Rapid growth of cities has caused various crises in urban life, such as environmental problems and environmental degradation. Following this, the need to pay attention to the concept of quality in residential areas, along with attention to quantitative problems, is felt more. Human settlements can be most desirable for residents, to meet their demands. Urban spaces are the places where the most interactions occur between them. In fact, the quality of the urban environment leads to the presence or absence of citizens in urban space. Lack of favorable environmental qualities has led to a diminution of social life in recent years. The city of Qazvin, as one of the middle cities with a historical background, is no exception to this and it is necessary to review the views of citizens on the quality of urban space in it. This research studies the views of citizens on the quality of life in Qazvin city with the aim of achieving effective indicators of urban quality of life in physical and social dimensions. In order to identify the factors, the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) method has been used. To determine the priority of factors, Friedman test was used. Five factors in social dimension and six factors in the physical dimension are identified and named. According to the results of the Friedman test, the most important factors in the social dimension are respectively social life and public participation, and in the physical dimension, respectively, are legibility and personalization.

The main goal of this project is to empower local communities, i. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of this project on the development of local communities in Hamoon area. The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection and analysis methods. . Field data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and collected by survey and interview. The results showed that this project in the social dimension only in the areas of (increasing self-confidence in the abilities of people in rural areas, increasing the participation of women in rural development, solidarity and mass communication between women in rural areas, the existence of networks Social and economic for girls and women in the countryside, social security suitable for the movement of women and girls), in the environmental dimension in items (promotion and implementation of training classes by regional promoters, training of various crops in the field ) Has had favorable effects in terms of infrastructure in items (access to various agricultural inputs, access to rural cooperatives) and in other economic and physical dimensions has not had a favorable effect in any of the items. Also, the results of spatial analysis of local community development by development dimensions in Hamoon area showed that Kikha village has the highest rank in dimensions (economic, social, physical, infrastructure, environmental) in terms of the impact of the Menarid project.

Spatial structure and desirability of access to tourism facilities and services play an important role in the extent of tourism attraction and the sustainable and balanced development of a tourism axis. The aim of present study is investigating the components of the spatial structure governing the tourism axis of Zanjan.Tarom. Masouleh, analyzes structural barriers and facilitators in implementing spatial planning. This research is an applied research. The data collection method is field and library methods. Data analysis using qualitative content analysis techniques, copras technique and GIS software with Inverse Distance Weighted spatial analysis (IDW) model. The findings of the study show that the spatial structure of this axis involves structural barriers and external forces , also, have functional areas (potential and facilitators) to implement spatial planning that two urban centers of Zanjan with 89.6 and the first rank and Masuleh with the second 88.1 have a relatively favorable advantage in terms of resource capacity and accessibility of tourism services and facilities and the Shit-Walidar rural center is in the third rank with an average of 47.9 Tahm tourism center with 10.6 rank 4, Shirin Sou tourism center with 10.6 rank 5 and finally Shillander with 9.2 rank 6 which has poor utilization level and in other words, By basking in the center of their departure services and departments are reduced and spatial inequality of facilities and services in this tourism axis is due to the lack of spatial planning in tourism activities

The issue of environmental quality in the neighborhoods of Rasht is one of the priorities of managers, because some variables have challenged the quality of urban environment in Rasht in terms of quantity and quality. That can be addressed to issues such as environmental pollution, access, safety and comfort and the lack of neighborhood identity noted. The aim of this study was to identify the indicators of the new urbanism at the level of urban neighborhoods and to study and adapt the situation of Rasht neighborhoods based on the indicators of new urbanism. Three criteria of transportation, physical, housing and urban context were examined based on 15 indicators. GIS maps and expert questionnaires were used to collect information. For data analysis, AHP model and index overlap method in GIS software were used. The results showed the southern neighborhoods of the city had the highest compliance with the principles of neo-urbanism, the central and western neighborhoods had the least compliance with the principles of neo-urbanism, and the eastern and northern neighborhoods had moderate compliance with the principles of neo-urbanism. Finally, according to the situation of each area, solutions such as planning and design for the construction of neighborhood centers and neighborhood centers in the neighborhoods of the region, preventing the increase of building density in the area of valuable and historic buildings, tree planting along the sidewalks, increasing the optimal building density in new constructions to improve the quality of urban neighborhoods based on the principles of neo-urbanism was presented.

The research from the perspective of the target, the Applied research it is. Approach selection of the study, Inductive research and methods Analysis data are correlational research. Total collection of data of this, the method library of the field is that too much information was obtained by questionnaire. Society this study include Experts and management, which has Cochran sample size of 72 patients were identified. Data using the Package Software Platform SPSS And factor analysis and cluster analysis (dendrogram) process has been. Way of the Detected in order to attract private part participation in the implementation of the project development with a focus on tourism in the global city of Yazd in four of Economics, law's/administration, physical/ regional the community/cultural divide were classified. Priority Classification was done using factor analysis showed that the creation of the field of the electronic the part Private of the country in project of development - tourism and Tax On Affairs Related With Projects Development With taking the part Private whit load factor 934/0 and 816/0 , in the first and second have. In the dendrogram also due to the trend line graphs and a series of levels to c the continuous, reform of laws affecting the project of development - tourism with the participation of the private and create rules independent in each one of the sectors of construction and Tax On Affairs Related With Projects Development With taking the part Private of the priorities of the first and second have

Density can be defined as a benchmark or a measurement system. The economic dimension of congestion is perhaps the most important issue in this category because the national economy, local economy and household economics directly affect urban density. On the other hand, the land value is very important, and on the other hand, financial power, operating factors and urban management in helping housing programs, providing land and housing, as well as urban services, all contribute to the formation of the nature of urban congestion and the realization of density The projections are effective in urban development projects. The purpose of this study was to analyze the consequences of surplus sales on zone 2 of Tehran, which was done by descriptive and analytical method. And after the conclusion, the data analysis method was used with the swot model to access the results. The study zone is Tehran 2 District. The results of the research have shown that the sale of surplus congestion by municipalities has disrupted the population density scheme approved by the Urban Organization and urban design. In addition, there was a shortage of service use, increasing congestion and becoming a bed of land and housing. The consequences of this policy in various economic, social and cultural aspects have led to an increase in the price of land and housing, an increase in the costs of the production sector and urban services, the weakening of urban laws and regulations, and the loss of urban identity.

the purpose of the present study is to An Analysis of the Functional Role of Small Cities in Having Sustainability Dimensions Domain of Influence Cities (Case study: Spake and Benet in Nikshahr city). The dominant approach is the qualitative and quantitative research space and the type of applied research. The results of Friedman test to investigate the impact of Nikshahr city on sustainability dimensions in the Cities of influence (Benet and Spake) showed, the physical and social dimension has the highest score (in Benet) and the environmental dimension has the lowest score in both cities. The results of the study of the impact of Nikshahr city on four dimensions in Benet and Spake cities using binomial test showed that the status of economic, social, physical and environmental dimensions are not the same in both Benet and Spake cities. To analyze the relationship between development dimensions, path analysis test was used, The results show a significant and direct relationship between developmental dimension. Finally, one-sample t-test was used to investigate the effect of factors and forces on reinforcement of small town of Nikshahr in order to enhance regional development. The results showed that the four components studied with a significant level of less than 0.05, are effective in strengthening the city of Nikshahr in order to strengthen the development of the affected areas.

In most developing countries, the agricultural sector plays an important role in generating income and job opportunities to meet the needs of rural areas. So that the lack of diversity in economic contexts and job opportunities is one of the most important features of the country's villages. In this regard; the approach of diversifying rural economic activities should be considered as a useful solution. The aim of this study was to identify the challenges of diversification of economic activities in Langroud township . In this study, the Delphi method was used in two stages and 15 experts were purposefully selected to do this research. In order to analyze the most important challenges from the perspective of experts in this article, in the first stage, open-ended questions were used for 16 experts. In the second round, using content analysis of the results of the first stage, the second stage questionnaire was designed using the Likert scale. In this study, a panel of experts identified 113 problems in the development and diversification of rural employment. The results showed that the most important problems were "lack of close relationship between science and knowledge owners with producers and rural business owners, lack of motivation to do agricultural activities, lack of accurate, scientific and classified knowledge of employment-related officials about the concept of diversification in rural communities and lack of stability in the programs and executive policies in the villages of Langroud township" which resulted in a lack of job diversity.