نشریه دانش مبارزه با مواد مخدر
پیاپی 3 (بهار و تابستان 1400)

Background and Purpose

 Retail sale of natural and industrial narcotics is one of the most important problems of many societies, which has created various challenges for societies. This article tries to study and analyze the pathology of disciplinary methods to deal with drug retail and why there is an increase in retail in Tehran.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method and nature, it is qualitative and of the type of text or content analysis. The statistical population of this study includes elites and specialists in the field of counter-narcotics and some experts as well as individuals related to narcotics, including five cases of officials and deputies of police headquarters, heads of police stations, agents of intelligence and base operations and anti-narcotics officers. The sample size was 20 people until the theoretical saturation was reached. Information and opinions of elites and relevant experts were collected from 20 people in the form of expert sessions and semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Structural analysis method was used to analyze the interview in the form of text coding and categorization.

It shows that the most important harms of disciplinary methods of combating drug retailers from the perspective of experts are the lack of proper procedures for arresting retailers and the weakness in the interaction between the judiciary and the police at its highest. In addition, existing hangouts should be cleaned and retailers arrested and addicts collected and thoroughly cleaned.

Instructions for using resources and informants should be implemented in the police and all databases should be provided to the police.

Background and Purpose:

One of the missions of Isfahan Province Disciplinary Command is to fight drug trafficking through this province and it faces challenges in this regard. The purpose of this study is to identify the internal challenges of this command in the fight against drugs.

The present research has been done by exploratory method and mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative). The participants in the quality section are experts working in the anti-narcotics police of Isfahan province. The statistical population in the quantitative section includes 102 employees of the provincial headquarters and operational categories in the cities of the province, and 81 people were selected as a sample using Morgan table. The tool for collecting the qualitative part is the interview and the tool for collecting the quantitative part is a 31-item researcher-made questionnaire. The results of the interview were analyzed using thematic analysis method and the data obtained from the quantitative research were ranked using the Friedman rank test. A total of 31 internal challenges of counter-narcotics in Isfahan province were counted based on the opinions received from interviews with experts and using a quantitative approach and were divided into three categories of structural, behavioral and contextual challenges and then ranked in these three categories.

The first rank of structural challenges is the low benefits and overtime in the anti-narcotics police. The first underlying challenge is the inadequacy of the notification rules for the distribution of narcotics detection rights. Lack of necessary and sufficient expertise, experience and skills in the forces is one of the first behavioral challenges.

To overcome the challenges, taking steps equal to the research recommendations is the way forward.

Background and Purpose:

 So far, several studies have shown that drug abuse in the workplace has caused a number of problems, including an increase in work-related accidents, reduced productivity, and a risk to society. In recent years, due to the increase in executive programs in the field of drug abuse prevention, awareness in the field of drug abuse in the workplace has increased and it has been determined that workplaces are very good indicators for expanding comprehensive participation in the implementation of addiction prevention programs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of addiction prevention programs in the administrative, industrial and military environments of Urmia.

The present study is a descriptive-survey type and applied research and the statistical population of this study includes all employees of Imam Sajjad Police Center, Pak Dis Factory and Welfare Department of Urmia city. In this study, using classified sampling method, 100 people were selected as statistical sample members and completed a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.813.

The results showed that addiction prevention programs in workplace, office and military environments have a desirable and effective role.

Reducing stress and increasing life skills can help you succeed in implementing addiction prevention programs.

Background and Purpose:

However, in the 1960s, the spread of addiction and the pressure of Iranian society and international authorities led the legislature to adopt a strict legislative policy against drug trafficking. However, the legislature did not have a specific approach in its criminal policy and, whether intentionally or unintentionally, by pursuing criminalization and determining inappropriate punishment, it has practically pursued an inconsistent policy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of crime globalization on Iran's legislative criminal policy in the field of drug trafficking.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of writing style. The information was collected through a library study with reference to academic scientific sources and Internet sites.

The findings of the study indicate that the first drug criminalization began with the imposition of fines in 1289; Due to its inefficiency, in 1338, the death penalty was imposed for drug criminalization. Subsequently, the inconsistency of the legislative policy with the judicial policy and the police and security measures, led to the approval of the Anti-Narcotics Law on 3/8/1367. However, the ineffectiveness of the punishment provided in this law, especially (execution) with international and domestic conditions, led to amendments to it during 1997 and 2010. Finally, under the influence of the globalization of drug trafficking, the legislature added articles to the law on 7/12/2017 in order to soften and reduce the death penalty.

The results show that the legislator has not taken a purposeful approach in the field of narcotics during these years and has not achieved the legislative policy accepted by the international and domestic community due to the lack of attention to the issue of globalization of drug trafficking.

Background and Purpose:

Women play an important role in Islamic society and are considered as the main pillar of the family, so a woman's addiction destroys the foundation of the family and will cause great harm to society and the family. The social problem of women's addiction is a very complex and intertwined issue and it is influenced by various cultural, social, political, economic, etc. factors And the researchers in this study only examined the relationship between the variables of religiosity (two indicators of the doctrinal dimension and the ritual dimension) and women's addiction to drugs. The main reason for choosing this issue is the increase of female addicts in the city of Qom and the incompatibility of this issue with the cultural and religious principles in the city which is known as the cultural and religious capital of Iran. This research was conducted in the holy city of Qom in 2019.

The method of the present study is quantitative and descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study includes all patients referred to addiction treatment centers under the supervision of the Welfare Organization and the University of Medical Sciences in the holy city of Qom. The sample size is 150 people who have been selected by all-purpose method and the data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Spss software.

The findings showed that religiosity had no effect on women's addiction in Qom.

Considering the irreparable harms of women's addiction on the individual, family and society, it is necessary to make basic plans to prevent the spread of addiction among women at the three levels of micro, medium and macro.

Background and Purposes:

This study was conducted on the effectiveness of the Master of Anti-Narcotics training course in 2019 in order to identify the impact of the educational components of this course on improving the performance of graduates. Because by evaluating the effectiveness of training courses, the strengths and weaknesses of the training are done and the extent to which the desired goals are achieved is determined and provides a basis for decision makers and those in charge of training activities to get a picture of how activities and basis for judging them.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of research method. The statistical population includes postgraduate students of anti-narcotics and experts and professors of these courses (40 people) who according to the sample size based on Morgan table, 36 people were selected, which was increased to 40 people. The sampling method is probably stratified and the data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. Content validation method was used to confirm the validity of the tool and Cronbach's alpha method was used to measure the reliability of the tool, which shows the number 0.876. Data analysis was performed in two stages of information description and analysis and testing of hypotheses through univariate t-test.

The results showed that more than 38% of the variance of the dependent variable (graduates' performance) is controlled by independent and predictive variables (effectiveness of educational components), although the teaching of professors with a beta of 0.570 was more effective than other components.

The results of the research indicate the confirmation of testing the hypotheses and the effectiveness of the educational components.

Background and Purpose:

Iran and Afghanistan are at the top of drug production and transit in the region and the world. The aim of this study is to be able to prevent the spread and socio-cultural and economic harms of drugs in these two countries based on a comparative study of the fight against drugs.

The method of this research is a mixture of qualitative and quantitative research in terms of applied purpose and method of implementation. The research was conducted in the qualitative section using the opinions of experts with in-depth interview tools and snowball sampling method, and in the quantitative section using a questionnaire tool for theoretical saturation. Statistical population: includes drug experts (50 people) and the sample size was analyzed in full.

The results of the qualitative section on the fight against narcotics in the two countries on the comparison of production and distribution, laws, police capacity, the fight against trafficking gangs and border protection have many similarities and differences with each other.

Cooperation in police affairs, border protection and the development of common laws, as well as the establishment of a database in the field of narcotics can be effective steps in the fight against narcotics.

Background and Purpose: 

The present study was conducted with the aim of "investigating the geography of drug distribution in the metropolis of Tehran" to identify important points and locations of crime in the distribution of drugs.

The research method is descriptive and to identify and analyze the spatial patterns of crime distribution in Tehran, GIS and medium center tests, standard deviation ellipse, cluster test and kernel density estimation have been used.The statistical population of the present study includes all crimes related to drug retail that in a period of one year from April to March 2019 in the second base of the Tehran Anti-Narcotics Police, the Greater Tehran Disciplinary Command.

The results show that the spatial distribution of crimes in the study area follows a clustered and centralized pattern and the most important center of drug-related crimes in this area is adapted to the area of ​​140 police stations in Bagh-e Feyz.It was also found that most drug retailers were first heroin and then glass (methamphetamine).The general trend of the ellipse shows the standard deviation of the crime of drug retailing in the study area in the south-north direction, the average center of which is near the intersection of Ayatollah Ashrafi Isfahani Highway with Shahid Mirzaei Boulevard in the protected area of 140 Bagh-e Feyz police station in the north.

In general, the spatial distribution of drug retailers in this area, based on the zoning map drawn, from east to west, has a decreasing trend and the concentration of retailers is consistent along the Yadegar Imam Highway and Farahzad Valley.

Background and Purpose:

 In any organization, a sense of collective identity emerges that transforms the simple aggregation of individuals into distinct workplace personalities. This natural feeling of the workplace has been analyzed and studied under several headings, including organizational characteristics, social environment, atmosphere, ideology, climate, culture, advanced system, and formal organization. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational climate and job stress of the staff of SEPKA Center of NAJA Anti-Narcotics Police.

The method of this study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population in this study is 130 employees working in the SEPKA Center of NAJA Anti-Narcotics Police in 2019. The sampling method used in the research is simple random. For data collection, two questionnaires of Hapin and Kraft organization climate and Steinmetz job stress questionnaire were used.

In analyzing the correlation between organizational climate variables and job stress, employees have a positive and significant correlation. This means that organizational climate has an effect on employee job stress.

Managers can reduce the job stress of employees by adopting appropriate strategies such as proper job design, social support for employees, implementation of special programs.

Background and Purpose: 

The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between skill-based training approach and increasing the efficiency of employees from the perspective of anti-narcotics police personnel. Khorasan Razavi is in 2019.

In terms of purpose, this research is applied and the research method is descriptive and survey type. The statistical population of the study was the staff of the Anti-Narcotics Police. Khorasan Razavi that is made up of 23 people. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that the reliability of the questionnaire in the present study was estimated to be 0.803 using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient method. The validity of the tool was the type of content that was approved by professors and experts. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used for analysis. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the police-centered training approach and increasing the efficiency of the staff from the perspective of the anti-narcotics police staff of the Khorasan Razavi Police Command in 2019.

With skill-based training, the percentage of errors and mistakes of human factors in police missions can be reduced, and in a way, with proper management in the field of staff training, the efficiency of staff and ultimately the organization can be improved.

Background and Purpose: 

Today, due to the rapid spread of the Internet and cyberspace and the popularity of social networks among people, especially young people, cyberspace has become a suitable platform for advertising, supply and sale of drugs and psychotropic drugs, as well as training on how to make drugs and psychotropic drugs by criminals. Identity concealment, high speed of information transfer and low risk are some of the characteristics of traffickers in cyberspace.

In terms of purpose, the present study is an applied research and the data collection method is a survey. In this study, using Delphi method, 6 experts who are senior officers and managers working in the anti-narcotics police and FATA police have been interviewed.

The results showed that criminal drug activities in cyberspace are now more concentrated on the social networks like Telegram and Instagram. Organized drug trafficking gangs also use the dark web, which is part of the deep web. Traffickers advertise and sell drugs and psychotropic drugs by forming various groups and channels on the Telegram and launching their Instagram pages.

The cycle of addressing these crimes in the country includes three stages; Monitoring of crimes, through public reports and patrols by police experts in cyberspace; Identification of criminals and collection of information and laboratory examination of digital evidence by experts.

Background and Purpose: 

Clean-up projects to clean up drug-infected areas, neighborhoods and places from drug dealers and addicts, and to combat the supply and distribution of drugs are implemented with a specific schedule throughout the country. Continuous increase of drug abuse and the number of users in society and human and financial injuries and negative consequences and the importance of security and a sense of psychological security is one of the concerns of people and officials and conducting scientific research to select the right scientific methods and take effective measures to deal with It is very important with this ominous phenomenon. By conducting these researches, the problems and shortcomings of this field have become more known, so the present study has been conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of the implementation of clean-up projects in contaminated areas in dealing with retailers in Bahar city.

This research is a qualitative method and in terms of data collection is an interview method and the statistical population is six experts and those in charge of the fight and the implementers of the cleanup project in the city of Bahar and the sampling is an integer sampling.

The findings of the study showed that the correct and purposeful implementation of cleanup plans has many benefits and is effective in reducing the supply and demand of drugs and has increased and promoted social and public security by preventing related crimes caused by drug crimes.

The implementation of clean-up projects in neighborhoods should be continuous and qualitative, and in its implementation, public and social capacities and tools should be used.