فصلنامه پژوهش های اطلاعاتی و جنایی
سال هفدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 67، پاییز 1401)

Development of rapid, high-precision, low-cost and less device-dependent methods for identifying species of unknown specimens and determining the animal or human origin of a biological sample in different domains is of particular importance. For this purpose, the LAMP reaction, a low-cost, device-free method for specific and sensitive nucleic acid replication in an isothermal range of 60 to 65˚C, is very suitable.

In this study, the LAMP reaction was used to detect the animal or human origin of blood samples. Human and animal samples were first collected and then their DNA was extracted. Using primers specific for the six regions of the human cytochrome b gene and optimization of the LAMP reaction, the origin of the tested samples was examined. Twenty-seven blood specimens (6 dogs, 6 cats, 7 mice, and 8 humans) were used to examine the LAMP reaction, and the final reaction was also evaluated to examine 5 actual specimens.

The results of the LAMP reaction to detect animal specimens from human samples indicate that this method can successfully detect the animal or human origin of specimens. This method has a very high sensitivity, as it is able to correctly detect the desired samples at low dilution of the template DNA (101 to 105). The results were also successful with regard to detection of the actual specimens as the origin of all five specimens were correctly identified as animal or human through this method.

Given that the LAMP method has several advantages such as sensitivity and specificity, high performance, no need for expensive laboratory equipment and easy diagnostics, it can be an ideal diagnostic tool with high accuracy and speed in diagnostic cases, including detection of animal origin or human biological samples.

Electronic payment systems, as one of the main components of electronic commerce, have seen a lot of growth worldwide in recent years, and governments, business owners, and institutions have provided their customers with a wide range of payment options by creating designed systems. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to present a model that can explain blockchain adaptations in order to reduce internet crimes in electronic payment portals.

The applied research was written in a descriptive-correlational survey type, which was completed, analyzed and measured by the branch employees of one of the country's banks using a standard questionnaire. The statistical population of the research is 77 people, according to Cochran's formula, the determined sample size is 64 people, and the result of Cronbach's alpha coefficient test to check the reliability of the questionnaire is 0.82.

Based on Mastercard's theories, the combination of traditional payment networks with blockchain-based networks has improved the security of electronic payment portals and reduced internet crimes, so in this research, in order to investigate the effects of independent research variables (security features, technical protections, ease of use, trust to the seller) on the dependent variables of the research (perceived security, perceived trust and the amount of use of electronic payments) a hypothetical model is designed based on the background of the research and the hypotheses indicate the causal relationships between the variables in the model.

The results show that the use of the new variable and the proposed model, in order to add law enforcement and supervisory institutions to verify the transactions during the transaction in order to prevent the occurrence of crime before the transaction, will improve the technology of electronic payment portals and create security in transactions and in The result will increase users' trust in electronic payment portals.

Intelligence data plays an important role in decision making. The present study seeks to review influencing components for using intelligence data emphasizing knowledge management.

The current study was descriptive-analytical in terms of method and in a survey approach. Statistical population included 400 of managers and intelligence – security experts that had been selected 196 of them as sample by Cochran formula. A research – made questionnaire was as data gathering tools which validity confirmed and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and normal level of data was certified by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and analyses by T test.

The findings indicate that 3 indexes of educated managers, organizational culture and technology infrastructure are extremely significant for using intelligence data and implementation of knowledge management.

The importance of knowledge management implementation has been focused in promoting and achievement of intelligence targets, participation in intelligence process, decision making and finally providing intelligent plans.They will be effective for intelligence authorities and communities.

Public policy in general and criminal policy in particular are formulated to meet the macro goals of each system of government. One of the important goals of any political system is to provide security in its various dimensions. Therefore, in the present era and in a discourse change, in accordance with this goal, criminal policy has also taken on security and crime management strategies that are the main task of criminal justice actors, including Have affected the police and shifted to a differentiated approach, called "security-oriented criminal policy", focusing on communicative legislative policies. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the issue of security orientation in criminal policy in terms of form and substance and explain the role of the police in it.

The research method is descriptive-analytical in terms of practical purpose and in terms of implementation method and collecting information in it through documentary review and using library resources and internal and external research documents related to the subject as a statistical population (including 26 Books, 23 articles, 3 doctoral dissertations, and 2 master's dissertations (which were used in full) and were done through phishing.

Based on the findings of this study, in the security-oriented criminal policy model, the criminal approach has replaced the criminal-centered approach in which negative and harsh actions by actors active in the criminal justice system such as the police with the aim of creating maximum security, It is emphasized and this process has created many conflicts with the requirements of human rights and the requirements of realizing a justice-oriented and dignity-oriented approach.

The principles governing security-oriented criminal policy can be examined in both formal and substantive spectrums. These coordinates in Iran's legislative criminal policy also have manifestations that are most important in dealing with important crimes in deviating from the accepted principles of the criminal justice system. , Temporary, extensive and maximum criminalizations, non-transparent and politicized, with a guarantee of strict executions and justification of the goal can be seen using any means or criminal Machiavellianism.
The police, as one of the main actors in criminal policy in the field of execution, must create the maximum balance between security interests and personal interests of individuals in precise and delicate measures, and in implementing measures, it does not go beyond the framework of justice and dignity. Differential criminal policy will be implemented.

Prevention of smuggling of goods as a challenge to economic security in Iran through method structural: law reform, strengthening the private sector, exchange rate management, tariff reform, and non-structural: the establishment of monitoring and transparency systems has been pursued. The purpose of this article is to assess the impact of the establishment of a cross-border trade system on import smuggling and economic security in the years 1392-1395

The research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method is descriptive-analytical, by collecting documents in the form of data panel: By comparing the official export statistics of 2 trading countries with the customs import statistics of Iran, the unit value gap for imported goods with similar weight criteria was calculated usin Eveiws software and Watson camera statistics.

The cross-border trade system reduced clearance time, improved information exchange and increased customs revenue, but increased the unit value gap of imported goods. The discrepancy between the official statistics of Iran's trading partners and Iran's customs imports indicates the high volume of import smuggling.

The establishment of the system improved the exchange of information and speeded up customs affairs, but had no effect on preventing smuggling of goods. Trafficking is carried out by falsely claiming and forging documents to a high degree. This has led to policy deviations, reduced transparency, production, increased exchange rates, inflation and weakened economic security.

The purpose of image matching is to find a geometric transformation between images before and after a scene. Unlike other organs, identification through hard tissue is the same for the living and the dead, even in the event of a fire, accident, fall from a height, death by animals, and so on. The aim of this study was to develop an image matching method for radiographic imaging of Paranasal sinuses using angle detection feature extraction.

The research method is applied in terms of purpose and laboratory in terms of nature. The data used in this study included 40 CT scan images of the head and neck. The steps of image matching, including feature identification, feature matching; model conversion and image model estimation, and resampling were examined.

The results showed that in the evaluations made in the nearest neighbor rate and threshold adaptations, the amount of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity about the JLV feature is the highest and therefore is the best way to detect the feature in the match.

The results showed that the proposed method can have the highest performance up to 97.5% accuracy in identifying the deceased, especially in the field of hard tissue, while other methods of identification are ineffective, and therefore can be implemented by implementing this system. , Helped automate authentication systems.

Among the cases of violation of citizen's rights in the process of dealing with crimes against the country's security is the stage of crime detection. The way out of these challenges has been presented.

In terms of the method of data collection, the current research is in the form of documents, and the information needed for the research was collected from documented scientific sources, and then the collected information was analyzed using an analytical and descriptive method.

The findings of the research show that there are various challenges in the realization of the dignity-oriented approach in the detection phase of security crimes, the most important of which are challenges related to non-compliance with privacy (spoken and written communications) and also challenges related to non-compliance The right to benefit from a defense lawyer and as a result the defense rights of the accused are violated.

The results of the research show that the legislator has recently tried to balance security-oriented and dignity-oriented approaches in detecting security crimes, however, criminalization and disambiguation of criminal procedure laws and strengthening The guarantee of executions overseeing the duties of officers can guarantee the individual freedoms and defense rights of those accused of security crimes.

The Internet phenomenon while that in the developed countries as One of the consequences the increasing development of electronic communications network has been proposed and perhaps many functionings and dysfunctions for the individual, family and community have brought about. In this regard, this study aimed to evaluate the importance of social factors affecting among youth(30-15years)membership (Facebook)in social networks in Isfahan, has been done.

This research is a survey descriptive correlation in terms of practical purpose and implementation method.The statistical population is the youth(Facebook member)of Isfahan. The sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula of 384 people. The data collection tools of the questionnaire and the reliability of the questionnaire are Ellison's motivation and purpose, Prosidano and Heller social support and Asrel social alienation... Results using descriptive and inferential statistics were analyzed by SPSS software.

According to the regression analysis, the variables of social alienation and social support in more than 99% the confidence level of (Sig = 0/000)for a total of 54/0 percent of variable variance explained using Facebook.

In the concept of membership in virtual social networks, social support and social alienation should be considered and according to the results of the present study, it can be said that increasing social alienation and youth social support network, with the rate of youth use of virtual social network(Facebook)is related. According to research, social support is assessed at a high level and social alienation at a moderate level.

One of the crimes that has always plagued the country is drugs and gangs active in this field. Identifying the leaders of these gangs with new methods has always been a concern of police organizations. In this regard, this article aims to provide a method to identify the leaders of drug gangs.

In terms of purpose, the current research is a practical one that has been used to collect data using a sequential exploratory combined method. Data from a set of work items, including mobile phones, work cases after extracting calls and voice and text communications of the defendants' communication equipment in the form of a dataset and by observing the principles of information classification. Considering the confidential nature of the available numbers, first all the available numbers were converted into codes and a numerical code was considered for each of the numbers, and after identifying the candidate numbers, their numbers were extracted in the analysis section, and by examining the connections of the criminal network, Different networks have been created and by analyzing the communication in each network, criminals and their important nodes have been identified.

By examining the network evaluation metrics such as intercity, proximity, input degree, output degree and hub, each node was valued and weighted. Then, by examining the value of each node with the mentioned criteria, the candidate nodes in each criterion were classified according to the influence of each criterion on the value of a node.

The results showed that by examining the criteria for measuring the drug network with the aforementioned analysis method, the nodes that were the connecting factor of several sub-networks were identified and their communication role was determined, and finally, by giving weight to each node, the nodes with superiority were identified. Bala, who can play a decisive role in the network and emerge as a leader, was identified.

The subject of intelligence aristocracy is the demand of the Supreme Leader. He has always demanded the dominance and intelligence aristocracy of the system. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of providing a model for promoting the intelligence aristocracy of the NAJA Anti-Narcotics Police.

This research has been done within the framework of a qualitative approach and using the data research method of the foundation. The statistical population of the study included experts (deputies and heads of intelligence and operations departments, special operations, cyberspace center, regional and international affairs of the anti-narcotics police and FATA police experts until the theoretical saturation) and 13 people. . MAXQDA software was used to analyze the qualitative data and SPSS software was used for descriptive and inferential analysis of the data obtained from the questionnaire.

The findings of the analysis of the content of the interviews showed that in the process of promoting the intelligence aristocracy of the NAJA Anti-Narcotics Police, 4 dimensions, 20 components and 120 indicators (concepts) should be considered.

The results showed that the effective dimensions in promoting the intelligence aristocracy of the NAJA Anti-Narcotics Police can be presented in the form of guidelines, requirements, information management and multidimensional aristocracy. The output of the present study led to the drawing of a model for the promotion of the intelligence elite of the NAJA Anti-Narcotics Police.