نشریه افق توسعه آموزش پزشکی
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1401)

Regarding the increased rate of using incorrect terminology in translating abstracts of medical education articles, it has been tried to provide the correct vocabulary list so that the journal audiences can use the correct synonyms. choosing the right keywords should be based on the research content, the agreement with the literature, and also the suggested key terms by the databases in which the journal is indexed, they are not usually very challenging. However, the vocabulary related to methodology, statistics, and structures of scientific writing does not work properly. Therefore, providing a list of commonly used terms that are understandable and enjoyable for the academic community in order to prevent such mistakes seem to be necessary, so that the audiences are not confused and not too surprised by reading the articles. In this article, the necessary terminology for translation based on the abstract sections has been provided for the journal readers.

Academic Procrastination (AP) means postponing educational tasks, and Educational Burnout (EB) is a feeling of educational inadequacy. Academic procrastination and burnout are related to poor educational performance. This study aimed to evaluate AP and its effects on EB in rehabilitation students of Iran University of Medical Sciences.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 198 students by census method. Data collection tools included demographic characteristics, Solomon & Rothblum academic Procrastination scale, and the Maslach Burnout inventory. The data were analyzed using T-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and linear regression analysis using SPSS software version 19, and the p-value was considered significant at P<0.05.

The mean and standard deviation was 55.79 ±11.73 for the AP and 52.25 ±16.36 for the EB. The results demonstrated a positive and significant correlation between AP and EB scores. Pearson correlation test showed a positive and significant relationship between Maslach educational burnout and Solomon and Rothblum academic procrastination (P<0.01). Occupational therapy students suffered more burnout than other rehabilitation students (F= 372.5, P=0.002). The field of study and academic procrastination were the predictors of educational burnout (P<0.001), which explained 51.43% of educational burnout among rehabilitation sciences.

Academic procrastination and field of study were predictive factors of educational burnout. Occupational therapy students had the highest amount of educational burnout. Appropriate intervention programs are recommended based on the field of study and academic procrastination to control educational burnout.

Narcissism is a personality disorder that affects people based on their status. Managers also have authoritarian, participatory, and consulting management styles, which Victor Vroom expressed. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between different levels of narcissism and their decision-making style among Mashhad University of Medical Sciences middle-class managers.

This analytical-descriptive cross-sectional study in 2017 on the statistical population includes all middle managers worked in different departments (deputies, universities, hospitals). The number of qualified managers is 70. Two questionnaires, 16-NPI and decision-making style (Victor Vroom), was used to determine the level of narcissism and decision-making style. The validity of the questionnaires is confirmed and their reliability used the results of Cronbach's alpha test is acceptable. The questionnaires was provided to managers through the web and was described and analyzed in SPSS.16 software.

There was a strong relationship between levels of narcissism and an authoritarian decision-making style. A simultaneous linear regression model was fitted between the levels of narcissism and authoritarian decision-making style. The results showed a significant solid relationship (95.7) between authoritarian management style and excellence, arrogance, self-efficacy, and righteousness, with coefficients of 0.33, 0.21, 0.202, and 0.19, respectively.

This study showed that narcissism was most related to authoritarian management style . It can be concluded that the adoption of authoritarian management style by managers may not be based on environmental conditions and may be related to personality disorders such as narcissism.

This study aimed to compare the course curriculum of physiopathology and the national medical program at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 275 incoming students in 2017, of whom 135 were in the course method, and 140 were in the national medical program. The sampling method was the census, and an independent t-test was used to analyze the data. Research data were analyzed using SPSS software.

The mean of the answers showed that the grade point average of physiopathology in the program was 15.99±2.36 with the course method, and the grade point average with the national medical program method was 16.70±1.14, which indicated that the average grade point average of the national medical program is higher than the course program.

Based on the results, changing the curriculum of the physiopathology degree from a course program to a national medical program can be considered as a suitable approach to improve the medical education process and academic performance of students whose GPA is higher compared to the course program.

Clinical education is a process in which students gain experiences with the presence of patients and prepare their minds to solve the patient's problems by using the experiences and logical arguments obtained. Improving the quality of clinical education requires continuous review of the current situation, recognition of strengths and correction of weaknesses. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to determine the quality of clinical education in different departments of Akbar Hospital based on medical education standards in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

The practical and exploratory study used a survey and field method to collect the required information and complete the questionnaires. In this research, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. This questionnaire has 30 questions and 4 dimensions. For the present study, a simple random sampling method was selected according to the characteristics of the statistical population. In this method, each training official or manager is a sample unit.

The average educational standard score in outpatient clinic departments is 0.433, educational rounds 0.421, Grand Rand 0.61, morning report 0.5, journal club 0.85 and clinical skills 0.9, which is higher than 0.05, that is, between the departments There is no significant difference in each of the training programs, and the average for preparation, scheduling and execution in different clinical departments in Akbar Hospital is optimal. Therefore, the standards of clinical education are implemented according to the standards approved by the ministry from the point of view of group managers and department officials. 

Akbar Hospital offers relatively good quality clinical education. Faculty professors try to improve the

In-service training courses are essential for empowering and developing organizational human capital. This study aimed to determine the effect of in-service training of employees (health care providers and health workers) on their organizational performance.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on all health workers in the village (88 people) and health care providers (55 people) in the comprehensive health service centers who attended in-service training courses in Kashmar, Iran. These training courses have been held from May to the end of February, for about 80 hours and about 77 hours for health care workers, for ten months. The research tool was Hersey and Goldsmith's Organizational Performance Questionnaire, which included XMRin-service training courses. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22.

In-service training courses could significantly improve the average score of organizational performance (P <0.03). In-service training of employees was effective on the components of environment and evaluation, but it had no significant effect on other features.

Based on the results, in-service training courses for employees are effective in increasing the performance of employees, their skills, and capabilities and can be used by managers to improve organizational performance.

Nowadays we are facing significant advances in technology. Virtual reality, which is considered as one of these novel technologies, has been entered into many different areas of our lives, from video games to various industrial uses as well as education, travel, healthcare, entertainment and research. Despite the benefits of virtual reality, the attitudes of patients toward using it are still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design a questionnaire to assess accepting virtual reality technology among patients with mental disorders.

This design and evaluation of tools study was conducted in two phases including design of the questionnaire and evaluating its validity and reliability in 1400. In this study, CVR and CVI coefficients were used to evaluate the content validity and its external reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha method. 

In the current study, the content validity index was calculated to be 0.8, which is an acceptable value for this questionnaire. Also, Cronbach's alpha was calculated to be 0.7 and the correlation between the questions shown to be acceptable at a significant level of 0.0001

According to the results, it was found that the questionnaire has high validity and reliability to assess the acceptance of virtual reality technology among patients with mental disorders.

Motivation plays a significant role in learners' learning and educational progress. Currently, the teacher is instructed in selecting teaching and learning materials and the teaching and learning process with the teachers and, ultimately, the teaching staff. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the location and factors affecting it in the Zahedan School of Nursing and Midwifery.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 255 students of Zahedan School of Nursing and Midwifery who were selected by the stratified sampling method. Valerand academic motivation questionnaire and religious factors Questionnaire, which assesses the four factors of student well-being, college education, educational centers, and career prospects, were used for data collection.

The mean age of participants in this study was 23/22 ± 3/04, the mean score of students' motivation was (133/68 ± 16/6), and the majority of students were at the average level regarding academic motivation. Students' academic motivation was related to age, gender, field of study, and university year (p≤ 0/05). The relationship between academic motivation and related factors also showed a significant relationship between students' academic motivation with all four factors of student welfare, college education, educational centers, and job future (p≤ 0/05).

Since motivation is the key to student learning and medical science, students are the most critical asset to the medical community and the national capital, and academic motivation is the driving force behind student-driven activities. Practical

There is a need to focus more on planning for the implementation of electronic assessment in the educational system. This study provided an overview of various electronic assessment methods, including structured, non-structured, and reasoning tests to explain the characteristics of a concept.

Materials & Methods:

This a scoping review was conducted by searching for the keywords Distance education, assessment, e-learning, e-assessment, virtual learning, electronic test, and formative assessment in Magiran, ISC, SID, Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed databases. The review was performed in Persian and English language from 2000-September 2021. A total of 105 studies were extracted in the first step of the study. Then, the titles of the extracted texts were reviewed, and 52 documents, including articles, reports, and guidelines, were included in the review the abstract in the next step. Finally, the full text of 28 articles was reviewed and used in the present study based on the inclusion criteria.

Various structured and non-structured tests are introduced per learner assessment in medical education systems. The most critical structured tests include multiple-choice tests, blank and labeling questions, selection of essential points in the image, True/False questions, and simulations of the process implemented electronically. Essay questions, short answer questions, fill-in questions, scenario-based questions, oral examination, and reflection-based questions are classified into non-structured assessment methods. Project-based tests can also be used to assess learners' high cognition levels and develop an "assessment for learning" approach. The e-portfolio is recognized as a tool for learners to learn more deeply and increase their understanding and knowledge during the learning period. Reasoning tests can also be used electronically to assess decision-making and reasoning skills.

Electronic assessment provides a good platform for measuring different levels of cognition (from low to high), which is very important in medical education. The critical point is to choose the test under the educational goals, which can effectively improve the assessment's effectiveness. Therefore, the use of various methods appropriate to educational purposes is recommended.