نشریه مدیریت کسب و کارهای بین المللی
سال ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 21، بهار 1402)

In the current research, the impact of franchise management capabilities on the franchisor's performance with the moderating role of the franchisor's ownership in chain stores in Alborz province was investigated. The current research is based on the division of the Ministry of Science Research and Technology and the statistical population in this research is 200 franchise managers of chain stores in Alborz province, including stores (Kuroosh, Amiran, Hypermy, Jumbo,Hypermarket, welfare and...).The statistical sample of this research was 131 using Cochran's formula. The sampling method in this research is non-random cluster sampling. The method and tools of data collection are in the form of field and library studies and the tool of the current research is a questionnaire extracted from the study of Gillis, Combs and Yin 2020 whose validity and reliability were confirmed. Structural equation analysis and covariance analysis with PLS software were used to analyze the data. The results of the research hypotheses indicated that the franchise management capabilities have a significant positive effect on the franchisor's performance considering the moderating role of the franchisor's ownership. Franchisors can strengthen them in a system by knowing the factors influencing the performance of franchisees and increase the overall performance of their group.

International trade has a great role in the economic development of countries. One of the effective organizations in the field of trade facilitation is the customs, which is known as the economic border guard of the country. In the report presented by the World Bank, Iran has an unfavorable position in the field of cross-border trade among the countries of the world. This research was done with the aim of improving Iran's position in the cross-border trade index of the World Bank report among other countries. For this purpose, the study of the areas of information technology governance and process management was carried out. In this study, the five areas of information technology governance and the steps required for process management were identified. In the current research, the research method of design science has been used for the mentioned problem. The statistical population of the current study consists of 57 customs experts, and a sample of 12 people was selected from this population to conduct interviews in a targeted way. The data collection method of this research was through semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results of this research have been classified separately in three areas, including value provision, information technology governance, and process management. After classifying and analyzing the results, a model was designed to provide value to organizational stakeholders. This model includes various parts, the most important parts of which are "Actions" and "Providing Value".

In today's world, the role of commercial diplomacy has become important for economic and trade development, in some countries, the major time of the diplomatic system is devoted to it. We expect to commercial diplomacy to become the top foreign policy priority to solve a part of the problems facing the knowledge-based companies. This study aims to define and design a system model of commercial diplomacy in the knowledge-based companies, the hybrid approach was used for this purpose. Accordingly, this study is exploratory mixed-methods in its aim, and applied in its results. in the first phase of research using grounded theory and theoretical sampling, 16 half-structured in-depth interviews with activists to saturate the theoretical knowledge-based companies (experts, managers and relevant officials) took and commercial diplomacy system model was designed for knowledge-based companies. In the second phase, Structural Equation Modeling used and the model of commercial diplomacy system tested in 102 knowledge-based company. Results revealed that the inputs effected on the process, process effected on output, outcomes effected on feedback and feedback effected on inputs.

Creative and cultural industries have a great capacity for transferring the cultural concepts of nations so the export of these products is important because of their cultural influence apart from the economic benefits. To help the growth of the cultural export we should discover the barriers and fix them. The purpose of this research is to diagnose these barriers and a mixed method is used to achieve it. In the qualitative part the theme analysis is used to discover the 168 primary codes that were categorized into 41 organizer codes and finally categorized into 10 comprehensive codes. In the quantitative part the questionnaire is designed and 10 experts were selected based on Judgmental sampling method the final codes were prioritized using dematel method. The result of analyzing the questionnaires shows that not doing the governmental duties in cultural industries has the highest impact between the barriers and not doing the governmental duties, the structural and institutional challenges of the creative firms and not paying attention to the institutional factors are the causal barriers. Using the qualitative-quantitative method in this research has made a deep understanding of the export barriers in this field.

The purpose of this research is to investigate how to overcome the challenges in the use of Incoterms and design a solution to optimize the use of Incoterms standards concerning supply chain management and relations between buyers and sellers in order to create favorable conditions for Companies in international transactions, especially regarding the points of delivery of goods, transfer of risk and transfer of costs.This research is designed with a mixed method and in five stages, including the grounded theory method, Delphi technique, the Cross Impact Analysis Method, overlap, and Identifying compatible scenarios. The sampling method was purposeful.In the first stage, 7 effective factors, 13 components, 11 strategies, and two consequences were identified by using MAXQDA 20 software. In the second stage, 33 effective factors were identified during the four stages of the Delphi interview technique. In the third stage, using MicMac software, five strategic factors were identified. In the fourth stage, the factors of buyer and seller duties in Incoterms 2020, buyer-seller relations, supply chain management, and international trade were selected as drivers. Then six compatible scenarios were extracted using Scenario Wizard software. The findings of this research showed that if the level of the relationship between the buyer and the seller is high and to meet the goals of supply chain management, including improving processes, minimizing costs, and maximizing efficiency, and in the export approach, the use of Group D of Incoterms and in the import approach, using group E of Incoterms is the Optimal combination.

Expanding the scope of business activities beyond the borders of countries, of which export is the most common method; is a matter whose importance is not hidden for companies and economic policy makers. But it requires the existence of conditions, which are more difficult for small and medium-sized companies. Information related to cross-border trade, empirical knowledge and physical facilities are some of the limitations of companies in this regard. The Export Guarantee Fund is one of the most important institutions responsible for preparing exports in the country, and credit insurance coverage is one of its most important tools in this regard, which provides a new capacity to overcome the complexities of export, because the said coverage is not only compensate the companies in case of happening the accident , but also the insurance coverage provided by the fund reduces the amount of risk faced by the exporting companies due to its infrastructure and requirements. This fact, along with the provided information, as well as facilitating the financing of companies, will provide the opportunity to develop business activities beyond the borders of the country. In this article, firstly, a classification of the nature of the export guarantee fund's credit coverage is provided, and secondly, the effect of these coverages on the development of the international activities of companies will be considered.

The process of tourism education system in Iran in order to achieve its goals requires new theoretical and managerial perspectives with an entrepreneurial approach to create the possibility of making changes in the existing conditions. The aim of the current research is to analyze the problems of the process of this system in the field of entrepreneurship from the point of view of actors in this field. The current research is exploratory-explanatory in terms of purpose and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of method, based on a semi-structured interview with 177 experts from organizations of the supply and demand system of tourism education in Iran, which is a random cluster sampling were chosen. The collected data were analyzed using the social network analysis method through Gephi software and the indices of degree centrality, weighted input degree centrality and weighted output degree centrality. The results of the research showed that the most centrality of the degree, which corresponds to the most important actor of the network, is the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts, and then the state universities active in the field of tourism. This result has more significant differences after applying the problem labels. Analyzing the problems allows the experts in this field to define the future goals of this process with the necessary knowledge and provide the basis for the comprehensive, integrated and balanced development of this sector.

Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC), as one of the topics of interest to researchers, plays an important role in conveying brand messages to potential and existing users in recent years. In integrated marketing communications, by integrating all the basic components of marketing, the process of optimizing the communication of the organization, stakeholders and customers becomes possible; however, the issue of the evolution of the IMC concept has not been investigated in research. The present study explains the transformation model of integrated marketing communications of the automobile industry with a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section, Delphi Fazi and ISM were automotive industry experts. MAXQDA and Smart PLS software were used for data analysis. The results of the analysis of the content of the interview showed that the index of integrated media and integrated communication methods are key indicators of the central category of the transformation of the concept of integrated marketing communication. Finally, the results of the structural equations confirmed the mediation of the removal of prescriptive pricing, competitiveness and access to modern technology and integrated content in the relationship between customer cycle management, customer level management and collaboration. Also, the mediating role of increasing the satisfaction of business partners, the relationship between increasing influence and productivity with profitability and performance was significant. According to the findings, it seems that the use of the integrated marketing communications paradigm will influence consumer behavior in the automotive industry and bring better results in advancing marketing goals.

The digital economy has created new opportunities to create startups and new models based on information technology, but not all startups created, especially in the field of electronic commerce, have been successful and have a high failure rate. As a result, the aim of this research is providing a feasibility model based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for e-commerce startups in order to help reduce the failure of these startups by identifying the factors and components affecting success. The current research is an applied research in terms of purpose and a survey in terms of data collection. the statistical population of the research is related to the active startups in the field of e-commerce in East Azerbaijan province from 2021 till 2022. the method of research in identifying the factors and indicators uses the content validity ratio (CVR) based on the opinions of experts. in order to predict the success rate of startups using the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, a fuzzy system has been designed and trained. also, in order to generalize the system, the designed system has been validated.The output of the research is an intelligent system and the results of the feasibility study carried out by the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system indicate the correctness of the system's efficacy and its reliability in supporting the decisions made in order to create new e-commerce startups.

The purpose of this study is to identify the challenges of establishing digital banking in Iran. The methodology used for this research was the use of qualitative research method in which the data theory theory method was used. In order to collect information in the banking industry, unstructured and semi-structured interviews (using the opinions of academic experts and the Iranian banking industry) have been used. In this method, the codes were extracted with MAXQDA software, a total of 176 codes, 45 concepts and 14 categories in 5 categories of general categories were obtained. The results show that the causal conditions of digital banking challenges in Iran include four categories of legal barriers, infrastructure barriers and weakness in technology infrastructure, the organization's unwillingness to cooperate with external partners and vice versa and lack of new digital business ideas. The lack of human resources is a cultural barrier and an educational barrier. The interventionist conditions include two categories: lack of specific goal and strategic vision in the field of digital banking and lack of active, dynamic and flexible organizational structures. Upgrading infrastructure, creating and presenting new ideas, digital banking knowledge and digital strategic management. Finally, the consequences of not implementing digital banking in Iran include six categories: not meeting customer needs, reducing market share, not analyzing customer behavior, not providing integrated services, reducing revenue. And increase costs.

Using an efficient business model is considered a basic assumption of the existence of a startup. Previous studies have considered business maturity and the affecting factors, as one of the most important areas of entrepreneurship and also, a flawed business model as one of the reasons for startup's failures. Thus, the present study enables startups to provide valuable products by identifying the change factors of a startup business model and its improvements according with organizational maturity. Reviewing 55 business models used in successful world-class startups and forming an experts' panel, this study found a significant relationship between the maturity factors of the startups' business model and the five steps of Batra maturity model. Then, by CFA based on data obtained from activists of platform/ digital startup in the country, the obtained conceptual model was examined and it was found that 33 factors in different stages of business development from opportunity analysis to product supply management to the market should be considered to have a suitable business model. The four dimensions of identifying the customer (who), determining the value to be presented to the customer (what?), the chain affecting the realization of values (how?) and the profit mechanism (why?) should be considered to increase the chances of sustainable business success and overcome barriers to market entry. Finally, in order to achieve a maturity model of the business model based on mentioned levels and indicators, a model and scenario was designed based on the fuzzy cognitive map