مجله پژوهشهای محیط زیست
سال سیزدهم شماره 26 (پاییز و زمستان 1401)

Industrial advances are the source of problems and pollution. Industries are looking for ways to identify and improve environmental performance, and factors affecting the environment must be effectively managed, and through optimal management, activities and products that have significant environmental consequences must be identified and managed. In Sarcheshmeh copper complex, achieving sustainable development is considered in parallel with industrial activities and pollution of water, soil, effluents of concentrate plant, tailings dam and production of acid drainage of tailings dumps are among the environmental problems of Sarcheshmeh copper industries. EMS is a way to align corporate goals with environmental policies. The present study aims to provide an EMS model with the approach of pollution control measures in the copper industry to eliminate or reduce the damage to the environment. The data collection tool is a checklist that has been explained using regular interviews with experts in the final checklist complex. SPSS and LISREL software were used to analyze the data and the statistical population consisted of managers, experts and thinkers of the HSE unit of Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex. The results showed that there is a significant direct relationship between all EMS variables and pollution control measures. According to their correlation coefficient, it is clear that the environmental management model has a great impact on the performance of the copper industry. The most significant direct relationship that EMS has on pollution control variables is related to the air quality variable (4.94) with a correlation coefficient of 0.83.

Monitoring and remediation of metal contaminants in roadside environments is of particular importance in order to estimate, control and reduce the level of threats to humans and the biosphere. Therefore, this study was conducted to the evaluation of the ability of some herbaceous species (Cardaria draba and Achillea wilhelmsii) collected from the roadside biotype of Hamadan, west of Iran to biomonitoring the Co, Cr and Mn in 2019. In this descriptive study, a total of 63 soil samples and 126 plant samples were collected from 3 stations. After preparation and acid digestion of the samples in the laboratory, the content of elements in them was read by induced coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP). Also, bioconcentration factor (BCF), bioaccumulation (BAF), and transfer factor (TF) were calculated to evaluate the ability of plants to monitor and refine heavy metals. Statistical processing of the results was performed using SPSS statistical software. Cardaria draba had average BAF and TF values greater than 1 for cobalt and manganese and mean BCF values greater than 1 and TF less than 1 for chromium. Besides, Achillea wilhelmsii had average BAF and TF values greater than 1 for manganese and mean BCF values greater than 1 and TF less than 1 for cobalt and chromium. Based on the average content of elements in plant tissues and the average values ​​of BAF, BCF and TF of elements can be used from C. draba and A. wilhelmsii as efficient native species for monitoring and remediation of heavy metals in contaminated areas.

Objective of this study is fractionation of geogenic and anthropogenic share and also determination of contamination level of trace heavy metals in surface soil of Pars Special Economic Energy Zone in southern Iran. Soil sampling in 14 points for two depths of 0-10 and 40-50 cm across a 395.4 km2 located in Asalouyeh county Pars Special Economic Energy Zone along coastal strip of Bushehr Province in southern Iran was conducted in 2020. Geogenic and anthropogenic share of heavy metals of Cd, Se, As, Co, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn in surface soil were determined using concentration differences of them between the two depths of 0-10 and 40-50 cm compared to the three reference elements of Fe, Nb and U. The results showed that the highest anthropogenic content of the measured heavy metals was found in the middle of the study area just beside the refineries and petrochemical installations. Dominant wind blow direction of west to east resulted in a shift of accumulation of anthropogenic share of elements in surface soil with an eastward tendency but a decreasing of content with increasing distance from refinery and petrochemical installation was seen. As a whole anthropogenic share of the studied heavy metals in the surface soils of the region was less than their geogenic share. Contamination level of these elements based on Integrated Pollution Index was non to mild pollution in 11 points (less than 1), mild pollution in 2 points (1.06 and 1.22) and mild to strong pollution in 1 point (2.38).

Air pollution as one of the important problems of urbanization and industrial life has affected the health of society and the World Health Organization has introduced it as one of the effective factors in causing cancer. In this study, the effects of short-term exposure related to mortality and diseases associated with particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10) in Shiraz during 1396-1397 have been investigated. This is cross-sectional applied research based on field studies and modeling of experimental conditions. In this study, the concentration of PM10 pollutants for the years 1396-1397 was measured hourly and daily using a Grimm Instrument from the four air pollution measuring stations of the Environment Organization (Kazerun Gate, airport, Setad, and science and technology park), and the relevant data were analyzed using AirQ + software. The results showed that the highest distribution of PM10 pollutants in Shiraz was in the range of 30-40 µg/m3and the highest mortality rate attributed to this pollutant was due to respiratory diseases (4.34 and 3.9% of cases) and hospitalization due to heart diseases (3.2% and 2.95% of cases) are in second place. Also, the total death rate attributed to PM10 pollutants in these years has been estimated at 278 and 249, respectively. Therefore, due to the significant health effects of this pollutant, it is necessary to plan and enact comprehensive measures to combat PM10 emissions and reduce and control its adverse effects in order to maintain the health of citizens.

Today, air pollution has become a major problem for countries around the world and has many long-term and short-term harmful effects on human health. Among these effects is the effect of air pollution on people's moods, which in turn paves the way for investors' behavioral biases in their financial decisions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental components and air pollution on the confidence and deterrence of stakeholders. This research is in the category of applied research. Spatial realm, companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the realm of time from 1393 to 1397. In order to collect data of sample companies, financial statements, explanatory notes and stock exchange monthly were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to describe and summarize the data. Based on the systematic elimination method, 167 companies were selected as a statistical sample. Multivariate regression test was used to confirm and refute the hypotheses in the Ives software environment. The results indicate that air pollution factors (air quality index, average temperature, average humidity, strong wind, cloud cover ratio) and environment (environmental pollution index, environmental degradation) affect shareholders' confidence and deterrence in two areas High-consumption water and low-consumption industries and successful and unsuccessful companies are effective. But the extent of this impact varies from group to group. It is worth mentioning that the results obtained in this study are in line with the theories, views based on financial benefits, behavioral finance and efficient market hypothesis.

In recent years, the number of days with high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) has been increased in Hamadan city. Since this phenomenon is more prevalent in winter, in this research, an optimal artificial neural network model has been proposed to predict the concentration of PM in winter. To investigate the concentration of winter PM in Hamedan, the winter data of air pollutants and meteorological parameters were analyzed with Pearson correlation. Then, according to the results, Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (MLP-ANN) with an optimized structure based on the training and testing was used to predict the daily concentration of PM2.5 & PM10. Among meteorological and air quality factors, air quality variables were more correlated with winter PM concentration. MLP-ANN predicted PM2.5 in a model with 3 input layers, 1 hidden layer and 4 middle layer processors with R: 0.93 and also with 1 input layer, 1 hidden layer and 5 middle layer processors with R: 0.92. Predicted PM10. Alvand Mountains are located between the prevailing wind in the western parts of the Iran and Hamedan, therefore the effect of meteorological factors on PM concentration is low. Also, the increase of winter PM in the city can be due to increased fuel consumption in winter. The MLP-ANN tool with the lowest and most accessible data has the ability to predict PM early and can be used to control PM effects.

The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of classical performance guarantees in international environmental law and the need to establish new types of performance guarantees in this area. In the present descriptive and analytical method, library resources and available information were used for collecting the data. First, the effectiveness of classical performance guarantees is studied, and then new executive guarantees and the reasons for their formation are discussed. The main question is whether the guarantee of classical performances plays a significant role for protecting the environment effectively. Regarding the theoretical foundations of the research, the main hypothesis is that new executive guarantees are being formed and developed for further protection of the environment. The results of the data analysis indicated that the amount of effectiveness is not sufficient alone to protect the environment due to the specific nature of environmental issues and its relationship with the need to form new enforcement guarantees in spite of the effectiveness of classical enforcement guarantees in international environmental law due to their limitations. Thus, two new types of enforcement guarantees including paying for compensation without agreement and recourse to court in cases of severe environmental damage, as well as controlling compliance and non-compliance with environmental conventions by member states were efficiently identified and developed from the environment for effective protection

Given the emergence of environmental crises and the increasing trend of biodiversity loss, it is necessary for nations to take sustainable and appropriate measures to conserve biodiversity. This study was conducted to investigate the implementation and effectiveness of biodiversity conservation actions using a mixed quantitative and qualitative methodology. Data were collected through both semi-structured interviews (in the qualitative procedure) and structured interviews using questionnaires (in the quantitative procedure) with the specialists and researchers of organizations related to the Sorkhabad Protected Area, located in the Zanjan Province of Iran. These staff worked at provincial, township, county and sub-county levels and were selected through a snowball sampling technique. The results showed that the measures taken to conserve biodiversity can be categorized in six areas: diagnostic measures on causes of biodiversity loss, restoration and conservation actions, management measures, diversification and livelihood improvement, Extension, public awareness and knowledge improvement, and integration measures. These actions have been implemented to a very small extent and their effectiveness has been low. There is a significant relationship between the rate of implementation and the effectiveness of actions. In addition, a significantly positive relationship is indicated between these measures. It is necessary to take biodiversity management measures with a comprehensive and multi-dimensional perspective and based on strengthening managerial capacities, extension and building human and social capacities of local communities, and integrating various organizations and actors’ activities to conserve and restore ecosystems and species in protected areas.

Although it seems that the existence of wetland protection laws should prevent their irreparable damage and pollution, but the lack of an effective enforcement mechanism has made this not necessarily the case in practice. The Biodiversity Convention approach in this area is an ecosystem approach. Despite repeated emphasis on this approach in domestic laws, we are not witnessing its’ successful implementation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the compliance of the relevant laws with the principles of the ecosystem approach and to find an appropriate mechanism for the practical realization of this approach in wetlands management particularly in Anzali wetland. In this study, the history and background of laws and regulations on the ecosystem approach and its implementation process were firstly analyzed. Then, by exploring the results of previous studies and successful global experiences, an appropriate legal mechanism for the realization of this approach was identified. The research method is content-analysis. The results were discussed and surveyed using a Delphi method within a dominant group of 24 people who were selected by purposive sampling method. The results showed that the laws and regulations governing the management of the country's wetlands not only do not guarantee the implementation of the ecosystem approach, but are in sharp conflict with its’ principles. Also, the results obtained from previous studies in aggregation with the results of consultation with experts showed that the "Ecosystem Service Payment Mechanism" can be the most appropriate mechanism for implementing the ecosystem approach if supported by required regulations.

Public-Private-People Partnership (4P) is important to promote and improve wildfire prevention and control through research and evaluation. Understanding and collaboration among local residents and different jurisdictions are needed, such as municipalities and provincial land management agencies. The collaborative action requires the adoption and acceptance of fire management plans and the participation of local communities and residents in fire risk mitigation measures. In 2019, we conducted a field survey of a random sample (n = 120) of local communities in one of the greatest fire-risk areas in Siahkal County in Guilan province. The survey asked about respondents’ risk perceptions, wildfire experiences, knowledge of wildfire, awareness of mitigation, adoption of mitigation measures, and demographic factors and social characteristics. Based on the results, with respect to fire causes, the respondent's perceptions was realistic at the general level, although the majority of respondents rated the wildfire risk to their environment as low to moderate. The studied community was less familiar with fire mitigation activities and a general lack of awareness about the wildfire risk and fire mitigation behaviors has emerged from the study. At a broad level, the results of this study visualize the importance of specifying the human dimension of wildfire risk. Assessing human perceptions and detailed information on fire causes, impacts, and governance policies are crucial to improving the effectiveness of fire management activities. The results of these studies will support effective fire management plans that are more adapted to local conditions and more general acceptance by society.

The present study aims to analyze the ecological security in the KoozehTopraghi Watershed, Ardabil Province, based on the pattern and process-related criteria that cover both land use class and sub-watershed levels. Towards this, firstly, the comprehensive indicator of landscape pattern was calculated via integrating criteria of the splitting index (SPLIT), largest patch index (LPI), edge density (ED), and patch density (PD), and the comprehensive indicator of landscape process was calculated according to the criteria of division (DIVISION), mean patch area (AREA-MN), aggregation index (AI), fractal dimension (FRACTAL), and coefficient of soil erosion intensity (Z). Then, the landscape ecological security index (LSI) was calculated and assessed based on a combination of two main indicators at two levels of class and landscape for 36 sub-watersheds. Finally, the status of LSI was classified into five categories very low, low, medium, high, and very high. It was found that the study watershed has a low level of LSI. Besides, the values ​​of comprehensive indicators of landscape pattern and process were equal to 0.28 and 0.37, respectively. The mean LSI was 0.25. The maximum LSI was equal to 0.78 for sub-watershed 14 (southern part) and its minimum value was calculated at 0.03 for sub-watershed 33 (northern part). Overall, the southern and southwestern parts of the watershed were classified in the high and medium security categories, and the northern parts were classified as very low security. The present results can be used for land use planning, ecological impact assessment, and watershed resource management.

The Shafarood dam can be considered as a symbol of dam construction and at the same time non-compliance with environmental considerations in the North of Iran. In this research, through strategic analysis of stakeholder interactions in the current situation of Shafarood Dam with the help of one of the non-cooperative models of game theory called graph model, the problem has been investigated in order to resolve the conflict. According to the results of this study, from a strategic point of view, the main cause of the conflict over the construction of Shafarood Dam is the behavior based on organizational interests of stakeholders. As of now, the Ministry of Energy's insistence on completing and constructing the dam and the Department of Environmental to preserve the forests and prevent further destruction have made it difficult to find a cooperative solution. The results shown that in the non-cooperative scenario (current situation), the point of equilibrium of the conflict is situation 16 (out of 18 existing situation). This means that based on the set of non-cooperative solution concepts used to analyze the conflict, no unilateral progression of this situation is conceivable for either party to the conflict. The choice of this situation as the point of equilibrium of the conflict indicates that if the current preferences of the parties continue, the conflict will be in a deadlock, in other words, there is no way to resolve the conflict in the interests of the environment.

Due to the importance of predicting and monitoring river water quality parameters, in the present study, the capability of two models of support vector machines (SVM) and gene expression planning methods (GEP) used to estimate two water quality parameters namely the TDS and SAR in the Tajan River. To estimate the TDS and SAR, parameters which the measurement of these parameters are easy and has low cost, were used as input data to the model. These parameters included the electrical conductivity of water, acidity, sodium, calcium, potassium, the adsorption ratio of sodium, magnesium, chlorine, sulfate, bicarbonate, and river flow. SPSS was used to determine the correlation between independent and dependent variables. Based on data analysis using step-by-step method, different scenarios of combining input data for TDS and SAR prediction were considered. Comparison of the results using statistical criteria showed that the use of three variables, EC, SO4 and SAR in estimating TDS in Tajan river, had the highest correlation coefficient and the lowest error rate. The Na and EC variables also give the best results in estimating the river SAR parameter. In general, the obtained results show the high performance of gene expression planning method in estimating the quality parameters of the Tajan river and therefore it can be used to predict the qualitative parameters of rivers.

Cultural ecosystem services are defined as non-material benefits people obtain from a direct contact with ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreation, and aesthetic experiences. Policy and decision-making for environmental management, land-use planning and development at different scales can be enhanced by quantification and incorporation of ecosystem services. Incommensurability with valuation methods has led researchers to assess the cultural services using noneconomic techniques such as multi criteria analysis. However, cultural services are assessed less than other services due to the lack of sufficient knowledge and appropriate criteria. Therefore, this research has tried to identify criteria for evaluation of cultural services using literature review and content analysis. Then, the criteria have been prioritized for cultural services assessment through Delphi method. In the study area, the aspects aesthetic, educational, heritage, inspirational, sense of place, recreational, religious and spiritual with a normalized coefficient of 0.1808, 0.1545, 0.1382, 0.1303, 0.1265 and 0.1190 were the most important criteria, respectively.

In the present research the position of public participation in Yazd Great Garden plan has been evaluated. In the first stage, based on the method of qualitative analysis, through interviews with local people, the position of public participation in the stages of approval and implementation of the plan was pathologically evaluated. The results of the studies show that local people are very dissatisfied with the lack of transparency and information by the municipality during the approval and implementation of the plan. In the second phase of this study, the trend of changes in the urban landscape in the study area (from 2001 to 2020) was evaluated using landscape metrics in FRAGSTATS software. The results of this evaluation showed that, during this period, many constructions have been done in this area. The size of barren patches has increased by 283%. The size of garden-agricultural patches has decreased by 80% and the size patches of construction has increased by 196%. In general, in spite of the goals of the mentioned plan to protect the gardens, the area and connectivity of garden and agricultural patches has been reduced and fragmentation is increased. Summarizing the results shows that if public participation was used in the approval and implementation process and information was provided in a transparent manner, the goals of the project were achieved, and local gardeners acted as the supporter of the municipality in the project.

AbstractIn the years to come, the extent and severity of dust storms in southwest regions of Iran has been caused by the geographical location and specific climatic conditions. This phenomenon is one of the major environmental hazards in these areas and Khuzestan Province as the main focus of dust every year has incurred a lot of heavy costs. To this end, to deal with dust, But the major problem of this project is the lack of public participation Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the barriers of participation of local communities in natural resources projects to deal with dust in Khuzestan province. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts in the field of natural resources and watershed management and agriculture Jihad in Khuzestan province. Data analysis was done by Expert Choice software. Analysis of data based on paired comparisons showed that the most important criterion for examining the barriers to participation is based on the stages of participation in the decision-making phase afterwards, the steps are implemented, shared, and evaluated. In addition to comparing options on the basis of all criteria, the results showed that the most important challenges for local communities' participation in natural resource designs to deal with dust include educational obstacles. Therefore, in order to achieve sustainable participation, educational barriers should be removed, social-cultural barriers, economic barriers, technical and technical barriers in the next ranks.

Today, rural areas in the country are facing challenges such as environmental pollutio, water and soil erosion, outbreak of new plant pests and diseases, malnutrition and other diseases in humans, decreasing the food quality, Extinction of some animal species due to environment pollution. Regarding the fact that the rural people deal directly and in different ways with the inputs that pollute the environment and also the important role of their behavior in environment pollution, this research is seeking to investigate the factors affecting the environmental behavior of rural people in the central district of Ardabil county.  The statistical population of this research included the rural people of the central district of Ardabil county. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula and a total of 200 people were selected as the sample. Research instrument for collecting data was a Questionnaire that its validity was confirmed by a panel of university teachers and Reliability of the instrument was calculated through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Data analysis of the Research was done using descriptive and inferential statistics methods. Data were analyzed using SPSSV 22 and Smart PLS 2 software. According to the results of this research 52 percent of the studied people had a negative and relatively negative attitude towards environmental protection. The findings of structural equation model indicated that variables of attitude, concern, knowledge and values can explain the changes in environmental behavior of the studied people up to 79 percent.  Besides, 52 percent of the changes of the variance of environmental concern are related to the variables of environmental values, knowledge and attitude.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of environmental awareness and knowledge on green behavior with the mediating role of behavioral intention, environmental attitude and green commitment. The method of the present study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study was 104 employees of Polare Malayer Dairy Company. The sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula of 82 people using the available sampling method. A standard questionnaire was used to collect research data. The proposed model was analyzed using structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach and Smartpls2 software. The results of modeling the structural equations of the research hypotheses showed that environmental knowledge and awareness have a direct and significant effect on green behavior (β = 0.23), environmental attitude (β = 0.49) and green commitment (β = 0.61). Also, environmental knowledge and awareness has a significant indirect effect on green behavior through behavioral intention (β = 0.29). But its effect on green behavior was not significant with the mediating role of environmental attitudes and green commitment. In this regard, the direct effect of behavioral intention on green behavior was significant and confirmed, but the direct effect of environmental attitude and green commitment on green behavior has been rejected.

Psychological variables in women due to their closer proximity to the environment have a greater role in their cooperation with the environment. Therefore, this study has been conducted with the aim of investigating the role of psychological variables on the rural women empowerment in environmental conservation. In order to accomplish the objectives of this study, data were collected from a sample of 384 rural women in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province in Iran. A questionnaire was used as the research instrument. Reliability and validity of the survey instrument were further evaluated. Face and content validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by panel of experts and key informant before the pre-test stage. The reliability of instrument was assessed by conducting a pilot study among 30 samples out of the original sample. The reliability of instrument for the all sections based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient value (more than .80) revealed acceptable level of internal consistency. Data analysis was performed by SPSS24 and AMOS22 software. The collected data was analyzed using structural equation modeling technique. The results based on direct structural model showed that there is a positive significant relationship between psychological variables such as autonomy, self-esteem and self-efficacy with the dependent variable of environmental conservation. Also, based on the mediation structural model, it was found that rural women empowerment variable had a mediating role in the relationship between psychological variables and environmental conservation. Therefore, considering the impact of rural women's empowerment on environmental protection, it is suggested that courses and workshops be held to increase the empowerment of rural women by promoting psychological variables.

The study of snow cover changes, as one of the sources of water supply is very important. The purpose of this study is to investigate the trend of snow cover changes in Tehran province using MODIS sensor images of Terra satellite and Aqua satellite (since 2003) until the end of 2018 and compare the performance of MODIS sensor in these two satellites. The trend of snow cover satellite images changes was determined by ETM analyzer of TerrSET software, their significance was determined by non-parametric methods of Mann-Kendall significance test. Then, the satellite images were validated by analyzing the data trend of synoptic stations in Tehran province using regression methods. Also, the trend of snow cover changes obtained from Terra satellite was compared with the trend of snow cover changes obtained from Aqua satellite by Kappa index. And the time series of these two satellites were compared by the correlation coefficient of Linear Modeling analysis. According to the results, changes in total days with monthly, annual and seasonal snow cover (autumn and winter) have a significant decreasing trend in a scattered manner in most parts of Tehran province. Seasonal trend analysis (STA) showed a delay in the start of days with snow cover and its shift from late January to late March. The correlation coefficient of MODIS sensor time series between two satellites in most parts of Tehran province was 99% and showed high similarity. Validation results showed that the trend of snow cover satellite images changes is 85% similar to the trend of synoptic stations snow cover data changes in Tehran province.

Forest and rangeland fires are a crisis and a challenge in the world. Mapping fire areas and predicting them for the future is very important in natural resource planning and management. Satellite imagery plays an important role in monitoring and studying forest and rangeland fires. In this paper, the study of forest and rangeland fires in Mazandaran by NBR method was performed along with statistical data of temperature, wind and relative humidity using Landsat images. Then, NDVI index was used to study vegetation condition. The results showed that there is coordination between the results of NBR method, statistical data and NDVI. The fire more than 500 hectares of vegetation belongs to Savadkuh, Behshahr, Noor and Tonekabon areas. In order to expedite future decisions, the fire condition of forests and rangelands of Mazandaran for the next 10 years was predicted and mapped. The results of this study can be useful alongside fieldwork.

Nowadays, agriculture is one of the largest economic sectors in Iran, which plays an important role in GDP and ultimately creates added value. In this study, the effect of renewable energy consumption, trade liberalization, oil prices, investment and employment on the economic growth of the agricultural sector during the years 1397-1387 was examined. In order to evaluate the long-term and short-term relationship between these variables, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model was used. The results of this model show that renewable energy consumption and employment have a positive effect on the economic growth index of Iran's agricultural sector; as expected, with a 1% increase in renewable energy consumption and employment, economic growth in the long run will increase by about 0.25 and 0.72%, respectively. In contrast, rising oil prices and trade liberalization have a negative impact on the growth of the agricultural sector. The results of short-term relationships also show that the error correction coefficient is significant and has a negative sign. Based on this result, it is expected that in each period, about 84% of the deviation of the short-term relationship from the long-term path will be adjusted. Finally, considering the high impact of renewable energy consumption on economic growth and on the other hand, considering the severe pollution caused by the consumption of fossil fuels, it is suggested that the government provides the infrastructure to replace fossil energies with renewable energies as soon as possible.

The purpose of the current research is to build and validate the model of the smart government with an environmental approach. This research is practical in terms of purpose and survey type in terms of strategy. In the first phase (presentation of the model), the statistical population includes experts and university professors who are knowledgeable in the researched field. The population under investigation in the model testing stage (second phase) using a questionnaire was 100 environmental protection managers of Razavi Khorasan province. The sample size was estimated to be 80 people using Morgan's table and simple random sampling was done. For this purpose, after verifying the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, the compiled questionnaires were distributed among the target population and finally, the data was analyzed using SPSS software. The results of the one-sample t-test showed that all the dimensions have the required desirability and among the indicators of the green infrastructure technology dimension, there are 3 indicators, the indicators of the green citizen participation dimension are 3 indicators, the indicators of the green governance and policy dimension are 1 index, the indicators of the green working environment dimension are 2 indicators and finally The indicators of the dimension of green innovation, 5 indicators were in favorable condition. Finally, the model of the smart government with an environmental approach is presented with an interpretative structural method with the help of Micmac software in 12 levels.