نشریه سلامت اجتماعی
سال نهم شماره 6 (آذر و دی 1401)

 Nowadays, various technologies play an important role in improving the health of people in the society. In the last few years, the use of mobile health technologies such as sports applications has been increasing all over the world. The reasons for using these sports applications and their consequences need further study. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of studying the role of motivational factors and features of sports application software on knowledge, attitude and sports participation with regard to the mediating role of the use of sports application software from the perspective of the citizens of Golestan province.

 This correlation research was conducted with the participation of 394 citizens who use sports applications in Golestan province in 2021 by a convenience sampling method. To collect data, we used the questionnaires of motivational factors of using sports applications software Villalobas-Zoniga and Chirobini, characteristics of sports applications of Reynoldsen, sports applications of Chiu, knowledge about Liu, attitude Cheng, and Schmid sports participation. For descriptive and inferential statistics, structural equation method and PLS-3 software were used to analyze the data.

 between motivational factors and the use of sports applications (β=0.194, t=2.665), between the characteristics of sports applications and the use of sports applications (β=0.496, t=6.665), between the use of sports applications and attitude to physical activity (β=0.757, t=40.114) and between the use of sports applications and knowledge about physical activity (β=0.757, t=41.896 ) and finally, between use of the sports application and the sports participation of the citizens of Golestan province were positive significant relationship (β=0.619, t=21.588). The use of sports applications has a mediating role in the relationship between motivational factors, characteristics of sports applications with attitude to physical activity, knowledge about physical activity and sports participation (P<0.001).

 The study showed that the use of sports applications has a positive relationship with a positive attitude towards physical activity, knowledge about physical activity and sports participation of citizens, and also the personal motivations of people and the characteristics of sports applications are effective in choosing these softwares.

 Attention to positive psychology can be significant during the covid-19 epidemic period. As psychological well-being and positive emotions have been perceived to affect people's quality of life. Mindfulness training is one training method that increases well-being and positive emotional understanding. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of mindfulness training on the quality of life, psychological well-being and perceived positive emotions among students of Payam-Noor University of Hamedan during the outbreak of Covid-19.

 This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group among students of Hamedan Payam-Noor University during the Covid-19 epidemic in 2021. The 60 participants were selected by available sampling method and were randomly allocated into two equal intervention and control groups. We used Quality of life questionnaire, psychological well-being scale and perceived positive emotions. The intervention group received mindfulness training based on the protocol of Bowen and Marlatt for eight sessions of 45 minutes. Data were analyzed using t student and covariance analysis test and SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA).

 The mean (SD) age of the participants in the experimental group was 33.7 (5.5) and the control group was 35.6 (7.8) years. The mean (SD) of psychological well-being in the experimental group increase from 68.7 (6.7) before the intervention to 74.9 (9.7) after the intervention (P<0.001), quality of life from 82.8 (12.7) to 94.3 (8.7) (P<0.001) and perceived positive emotions from 82.9 (12.1) to 94.3 (8.7) (P<0.001). In the control group, was not different in the pre-test and post-test. Mindfulness training with psychological well-being in students at the rate of 0.245 (P=0.013, η2 = 0.245), quality of life at the rate of 0.175 (P=0.038, η2 = 0.175) and positive emotions Perceived had an effect of 0.111 (P=0.011, η2 = 0.111). In total, mindfulness training on psychological well-being, quality of life and perceived positive emotions in the students of Payam-Noor University in Hamedan during the covid-19 epidemic had an effect of 0.65 (P<0.001, η2=0.651).

 The study showed that mindfulness training is effective in improving psychological well-being, quality of life and perceived positive emotions in students of Payam Noor University in Hamedan during the Covid-19 epidemic.

 Social well-being means the personal report of people about the quality of their relationship with others. The purpose of this research was to compare the social well-being of active female students in the cultural and social centers of Vali-e-Asr University in Rafsanjan with non-member students in 2022.

 This study was conducted using a causal-comparative method with the participation of 40 undergraduate female students of Vali-e-Asr University in Rafsanjan in the 2022. To select of participants, 20 female students who had an active and continuous presence in cultural and social centers, and 20 non-member students were selected using the available sampling method. Data was collected using the Keyes social well-being questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed using covariance analysis test and SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 24.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA).

 The mean (SD) score of social well-being among students active in cultural and social centers was 115.1 (10.9), while it was 113.2 (16.4) among non-member students. There was no significant difference between the two groups.

 The study showed that there is no difference between the subscales of social well-being and ultimately social well-being among students active in cultural and social centers and non-member students.

 Nurses should be able to make accurate and appropriate clinical judgments about the health status of patients by combining their technical skills and professional knowledge. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and critical thinking style in clinical decision-making with the mediation of self-efficacy beliefs and self-confidence in the nursing staff of Rasht hospitals.

 This descriptive-correlational study was conducted using the structural equation model with the participation of 364 nurses of Intensive care units in Rasht hospitals. The sampling method was random cluster sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires including nurses' clinical decision making, emotional intelligence, self-efficacy in clinical practice, critical thinking style, and self-confidence. The structural equation modeling method used for data analysis by AMOS-22 software.

 Findings were the total path coefficient (sum of direct and indirect path coefficients) between emotional intelligence and clinical decision-making pattern (P<0.001, β=0.442), between critical thinking style and clinical decision-making pattern (P<0.001, β=0.335), between self-efficacy beliefs and clinical decision-making pattern (P<0.001, β=0.325), between self-confidence and clinical decision-making pattern (P<0.001, β=0.243) and the indirect effect between emotional intelligence (P<0.001, β=0.154), and critical thinking style (P<0.001, β=0.188) on the pattern of positive clinical decision-making and It was meaningful. Emotional intelligence, critical thinking, self-efficacy beliefs and self-confidence explain a total of 59% of the variance of the decision-making pattern in nurses.

 The study showed that self-efficacy beliefs and self-confidence mediated the relationship between emotional intelligence and critical thinking style with clinical decision-making among Rasht hospitals' nursing staff. Self-efficacy beliefs and self-confidence increased the relationship between emotional intelligence and critical thinking style with clinical decision-making.

 Social health index is one of the composite indices that shows the health status of the society using measurable indicators and based on the characteristics of a healthy society. Most of the studies conducted in the field of creating a composite index of social health in Iran have ignored spatial heterogeneity and correlation in terms of the investigated variables. The purpose of this research was to consider the spatial effect in the construction of a composite index of social health and evaluate it in the provinces of Iran.

 In this research, we used 39 social health indicators collected the related to the study from official sources between which was done during 2006-2014. Three methods of normalization with standard normal distribution, comparative method, and ranking method; and three methods of weighting with equal weight, weighting with Principal components analysis (PCA), and weighting with Geographically Weighted Principal Components Analysis (GWPCA) were used. Then, we used the 2011 human development index and Moran's autocorrelation test to compare the nine composite indices. Finally, the best index was chosen, and the results were presented using it.

 The GWPCA-weighted composite index for normalized z-score data with a Moran's test statistic value of 0.334 (p = 0.00026), and a correlation coefficient of 0.81 with the 2011 human development index was chosen as the spatial composite index of social health. Accordingly, Sistan-Baluchistan, Lorestan, and Bushehr provinces were placed as the last three provinces, while Tehran, Alborz, and Yazd provinces were ranked as the top three provinces.

 The study shows the need to consider the spatial effect in the construction of the social health index, considering the inequality of Iran's provinces.

Health ministers need to have strategic thinking, political and ‎organizational skills, work experience in the health system, a comprehensive ‎vision of health, and no conflicts of interest. One way to evaluate these characteristics is to ‎determine the ministers’ fields of study and expertise. This study was conducted to ‎answer whether there is any association between world countries’ indices of development and health economics and health ministers' fields of study in 2021.

In this descriptive-analytical study, the data of development and ‎health economics indices of 185 countries and their health ministers’ fields of study and sex were extracted in August 2021. The indices included per capita income, sociodemographic index (SDI), ‎healthcare access and quality (HAQ) index, universal health coverage (UHC) effective coverage index, life ‎expectancy at birth, the share of current health expenditure from the gross domestic product, the share ‎of government expenditure from ‎current health expenditure, and the share of out-of-pocket expenditure from current health ‎expenditure. The health ministers’ fields of study were categorized into six groups including clinical fields, non-clinical health-related fields, law and politics, business and economics, management, and other fields.

The information about the health ministers of 185 countries was found, 76.6% ‎of whom were male and around 45% had studied in clinical fields. In high-income and high-SDI countries, the percentage of health ministers studied politics or law, and also those studied business or economics was significantly higher than that in other ‎countries. Conversely, in low- and middle- income and SDI countries, the percentage of ministers studied in clinical and health-related fields was higher than that in other countries. This pattern was similarly observed in other indices.

This study showed that in countries with higher levels of development and health economics indices, more health ministers had studied politics, law, business, and economics than in other countries. Conversely, in countries with lower levels of the indices, more health ministers had studied in clinical and health-related fields than in other countries. These results do not implicate that non-physician health ministers have improved life expectancy and welfare. Because the main determinants of life expectancy and welfare are the development of knowledge, technology, and the implementation of them. In developing countries, because of the insufficiency of these determinants, governments assume that physicians are more efficient health ministers. Nevertheless, specialist physicians are trained to provide care for diseases, and improving their abilities to manage the health system and to maintain and promote healthy communities is not included in their curriculum.