نشریه سلامت اجتماعی
سال دهم شماره 3 (خرداد و تیر 1402)

Sustainable development (SD) was first proposed in 1987 at the United Nations Conference on the Environment, by Prime Minister of Norway and Chairman of the United Nations Environment Commission. He provided a definition of SD that was used for 25 years. The SD is a development that meets the needs of its society without harming future generations. The SD should propose comprehensive solutions in various economic, social and environmental dimensions over time. After 28 years of efforts and six meetings, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was finally adopted by all members of the United Nations in 2015 to provide a joint plan for peace and prosperity for people and the planet now and in the future. It is composed of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The SDGs are an urgent call for action by all developed and developing countries. It is clear that ending poverty and other deprivations must be accompanied by strategies that improve health and education, reduce inequality and stimulate economic growth. All of these tackle climate change and work to preserve oceans and forests.
To realize the 2030 Agenda, the SDGs must become a strong commitment by all stakeholders to implement the global goals, and all poor, rich and middle-income countries must participate in promoting well-being and protecting the planet. The six main areas to achieve the goals include health, education, social protection, food security and sustainable agriculture, infrastructure (access to energy and low-carbon energy infrastructure, water and sanitation, transport and telecommunications), and related services of ecosystem and biodiversity.

Failure to use emotion regulation strategies and ineffective coping strategies can affect students' mental health, performance and academic achievement. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of virtual training of self-compassion on emotion regulation skills and coping styles in the students of Payame-Noor University of Hamedan.

This semi-interventional research with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group was conducted with the participation of 30 students of Payam Noor University in Hamedan in 2021. The participants were selected by available sampling method and were randomly allocated into two equal interventional and control groups. We used the Garnefski Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Lazarus & Folkman Coping Styles Questionnaires to collecting data. The interventional group received virtual compassion training in sixty minutes’ sessions for eight weeks. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis test and SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA).

The mean (SD) scores of negative emotion regulation skills in the interventional group decreased from 64.8 (7.8) before the intervention to 58.5 (6.3) after the intervention (P=0.001). The scores of positive emotion regulation skills in the interventional group increased from 50.7 (1/8) before the intervention to 58 (9.8) after the intervention (P=0.033). In addition, the mean (SD) of the scores of Problem-oriented confrontation in the experimental group increased from 87.8 (10.1) before the intervention to 99.2 (9.1) after the intervention (P=0.001). The scores of emotion-oriented coping styles in the interventional group increased from 88.6 (9.6) before the intervention to 94.4 (10.7) after the intervention (P=0.037). In the control group, there was no difference between the pre-test and post-test scores.

The study showed that virtual training of self-compassion improved the skills of emotion regulation and the use of coping styles among students of Payam-e-Noor University of Hamadan.

Tension-type headache is a common primary headache disorder characterized by vague, non-throbbing, diffuse, band-like pain of mild to moderate intensity in the head, skull, or neck. In this article, we report the disease burden of tension headache in Iran and its comparison with Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries during 1990-2019. For more information see the full-text of Burden of tension-type headache in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990-2019 at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35794530/.

The diagnostic criterion for tension headache is according to International classification of headache disorders (ICHD-3). In the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project, the burden of disease is estimated as years of life lost due to disease Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), which is the years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality and Years lived with disability (YLDs). Because the GBD does not estimate any deaths from headache disorders as a primary cause, DALYs for headache are equivalent to YLDs.

In Iran in 2019, the prevalence of tension headache is estimated at 25.8 million (95% UI Uncertainty Interval: 22.8-28.8). Age standard prevalence was 29640.4 (26202.1-32949.4) per 100.000 population, which has increased by 9.7% (6.5 to 13.1%) compared to 1990. In Iran in 2019, the incidence of tension headache was estimated to be around 8.4 million (95% UI: 74.1-95.0). Age standard incidence was 9837.5 (8687.5-11030.7) per 100.000 population, which has increased by about 5.3% (1.9-7.9%) compared to 1990. In Iran, in 2019, the number of YLDs was 70,182 (23015-207136) years. Age standard was 77.6 (24.9 – 236.4) per 100.000 population, which has increased by 5.2% (5.7-15.9%) compared to 1990.

The study showed that in 2019, the prevalence, incidence and standardized YLDs of due to tension headache in Iran had the highest rate among all 21 countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). It has also increased the more compared to 1990.

During the covid-19 pandemic, nurses are faced with difficulties and a high workload which can lead to mental health problems such as occupational stress and anxiety. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on reducing anxiety and occupational stress in nurses.

The present research was conducted as a semi-experimental pre-test and post-test study with the control group. Participants were sixty nurses who work in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Qom City in April 2022. The participants were selected by the available sampling method and were randomly placed in two equal interventional and control groups. Data were collected online using the coronavirus anxiety scale and the Parker and DeCotis occupational stress questionnaire. The intervention group received the intervention based on acceptance and commitment in eight sixty-minute sessions. No intervention was performed in the control group. Then both groups completed the post-test questionnaire. Data were analyzed using t-test multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance tests and SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill.

The mean (SD) of occupational stress in the interventional group decreased from 40.4 (7.9) before intervention to 37.4 (10.2) after the intervention (P=0.037). The anxiety of the Coronavirus decreased from 13.1(1.6) to 7.3 (5.1) (P<0.001). There was no difference in the scores of the control group in the pre-test and post-test. Treatment based on acceptance and commitment had an effect on reducing of coronavirus anxiety by 0.113 (P=0.046), and on reducing occupational stress by 0.132 (P=0.036).

The study showed that the intervention based on acceptance and commitment led to reducing the level of anxiety of Coronavirus and occupational stress in nurses.