مجله پژوهش های سیاست اسلامی
پیاپی 22 (پاییز و زمستان 1401)

The essence of politics and political sociology is based on how to regulate the unequal power relations between the rulers and the ruled. This is exactly what justifies the existential necessity of the political order and its continuation or overthrow. Therefore, the institutional construction of the state and its political stability, based on whether it has the necessary political legitimacy or not, plays a prominent role in its continuation or overthrow. In this regard, the current research emphasizes that state-building in the first Pahlavi period was established in conflict with democracy, and as a result, it suffered from a lack of legitimacy and its political stability was fragile; Therefore, in this research, the institutional structure of the government and its relationship with the institutions of democracy are examined as the most important component of legitimizing unequal power relations And it tries to answer the question why the political order did not have the necessary political legitimacy during the first Pahlavi period? The hypothesis of the research is based on the answer that the desire of the government in the first Pahlavi period towards illegitimate power through the conflict between personal and impersonal interests came into conflict with political institutionalism, and as a result, the regime was incapable of reproducing political legitimacy and the political order was deteriorating. The lack of legitimacy was faced. The data has been collected through the library-document method and data analysis has been done using Thomas Nigel's "Conflict of Interests and Values Theory".

The main problem of this research is the utopia of Ishqari, focusing on the similarity of relationships in the light system of Ishqari and civil society. In this research - which is a type of library and documentary research and written with a logical description and analysis of data - by providing some evidence, it is explained that the enlightened utopia is the result of the complete compliance of the human society with the relationships and relations existing in the light system. And then, by enumerating some of these relationships and applying them to civil society, an attempt has been made to explain the essentials of the intellectual foundations of Ishraqiun in the field of political system as the findings of this research. Although all Islamic sages considered the world of nature to be subordinate to the world of intellects, but this was the intellectual characteristic of Sheikh Ishraq, who by drawing different and varied relationships among the lights of Cairo, was able to find a way for the legal compliance of human society with the light system. The relationships that Sheikh Eshraq explained among the abstract lights - unlike the developmental relationships - are in such a way that they can be accessed as models.

According to the teachings of political science and international relations, governments are the only actors who simultaneously dominate the four elements of population, territory, government and sovereignty. In order to pursue their goals outside the national borders, these actors apply management which is called foreign policy, and one of the important components of this field is the decisions that are made with the aim of improving the position, strengthening the power and gaining benefits. Decision-making in foreign policy is influenced by human, material, normative factors and numerous patterns, and the Islamic Republic of Iran as a government actor is not exempt from this rule. But in addition to general patterns; special territorial, cultural, historical, demographic characteristics, etc.; It can distinguish the foreign policy and decision-making methods of the actors from each other and establish a special approach for each of them. The current research, using the Islamic theory of foreign policy, seeks to explain the causal relationships between the variables that have led to the formation of the "expediency-oriented" approach in the decision-making of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. therefore; The article seeks to analyze the dimensions of this question, "What is the nature of expediency approach and the rules governing its implementation in foreign policy decision-making?".In search of answers; This hypothesis has occurred that expediency in the field of foreign policy decision-making is aimed at the three-faceted concept of "maintaining the system" and follows its realization through the means of eliminating conflicts and resolving conflicts between various goals in order to avoid harm and maximize benefits for the general society in the field of foreign policy.

In the current research, the "theological-philosophical explanation of the political ideas of the New Mu'tazila and the New Sadra philosophers in order to provide the theoretical framework of political education in the Islamic world" has been discussed. research method; Documentary analysis is a progressive conceptual and inferential analysis, during which the works of Muhammad Abdo and Fazlur Rahman Malik from the New Mu'tazila and Imam Khomeini and Allameh Tabatabai from the Neo-Sadrai philosophers were examined and a total of 11 bases of common ontology, 13 bases of common anthropology, 6 bases Common epistemology and 5 bases of common values in line with political education have been extracted from the perspective of thinkers. In addition, 18 common components of political education in four categories; In order to draw the theoretical framework of political education for the Islamic world, it has been deduced that it is based on the goal, the foundation, the social life, and the personal behavior. The results showed; In spite of some differences, the viewpoints of Neo-Mutz Leh thinkers (Abdah and Fazlur Rahman Malik) as well as Neo-Sadrai thinkers (Imam Khomeini and Allameh Tabatabai) in the field of political education have the necessary alignments to formulate a theoretical framework of political education for the Islamic world. Is. If the aforementioned deductive theoretical framework is included in the agenda of the political education and training systems of Islamic countries, it will cultivate activists who will have more significant alignment and unity of opinion and action for the progress and development of the Islamic world.

The topic of rationality and political rationality is one of the most ancient concepts in the history of human life, which is considered one of the basic concepts in a civilization with a political system. One of the most important sources for explaining this issue in the Islamic Republic of Iran is referring to the thoughts of Imam Khomein(RA). In this article, an attempt has been made to answer this question: What are the basic foundations of the concept of political rationality in Imam's computing system? This article claims that what stands out more than any other issue in the view of the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the intersection of political rationality with revolutionaryism, which can be talked about under the concept of revolutionary rationality. In this article, by using Imam’s interpretations and using the Theme Analysis method, keywords related to revolutionary rationality were first extracted and then, from their comparison and analysis, the corresponding concepts and general themes were expressed. From the general comparison of the two concepts of revolutionary rationality (political rationality and revolutionaryism), it can be said that in the view of the Imam(RA), these two have a common denominator, which is the element of public and true benefits of the people, which is independent of false needs that generally caused by fleeting emotions and emotions. Imam Khomeini(RA) believes that the public and real benefits of the people, which sometimes require the protection of procedures and sometimes need to be transformed, should be based on a transcendental point of view. Because from his point of view, it is only the transcendental point of view that can distinguish the true and non-false benefits of mankind. Imam(RA) believes that the result of this view is efficiency and the harm of avoiding it will be destruction.

The Islamic Republic of Iran is located in a region where the speed, scope and complexity of change are increasing day by day. The increasing number of independent actors, the increase in economic competition and the rapid spread of technology have led to increased developments and, consequently, reduced decision-making time. Undoubtedly, a vital factor in the progress of a country and the success of its armed forces in such circumstances is recognizing its enemies and threats.Accordingly, the aim of this study is to design a structural-interpretive conceptual model of hostility in Shahid Soleimani school. In this regard, first the different dimensions and components of hostility in Shahid Soleimani school were identified, then the final components of hostility were identified and screened using fuzzy Delphi method. Then, using the research strategy of soft operations research and specifically the structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) method, the relationships between components and factors have been identified and analyzed.According to the findings of the research, hostility in Shahid Soleimani school has 21 key components that are divided into five levels. The most fundamental components of hostility in the school of Shahid Soleimani, the components of "having suspicion of the enemy and not trusting him" and "accepting God and the Messenger in the heart and fighting against their enemies" are.

Critical discourse analysis, as a method of text analysis, tries to identify the inner layers of the elements in it and analyze the relationship between them in order to reach the deep meanings of the text. This method is considered a tool for text analysis and worldview of texts, especially in religious studies. Although Jews are the most hostile people towards Muslims (Al-Maidah: 82), but in the verses of the Holy Qur'an, tolerant behavior and forgiveness towards them is expressed. In this article, the ideology of the divine discourse of these verses has been analyzed based on Fairclough's critical discourse analysis method. The findings of the research indicate that ideological constructions at the level of description, including the empirical value of words, semantic similarity, and syntactic constructions, have been used in expressing tolerance towards people of the book. Forgiveness, forgiveness, patience and piety are the components of discourse, tolerance with people of the book. These components are in close interaction with discourse ideology and power relations. The analysis of the context of the situation at the level of interpretation revealed that the style of speaking in the text layer is completely consistent with the social and time conditions of the revelation of the verses. The analysis of the level of explanation shows the desirable life pattern in the society and shows that the tolerance towards the people of the book is for the preservation of social interests, and it appears in the fields that do not lead to the dominance of conspiracy-oriented thoughts.

The Iranian Islamic Revolution is one of the great revolutions in the world, which had a great impact on the Islamic world and the international arena. The present article evaluates the results of "Movement Diplomacy" among the various effects and variables of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. Although, from the conceptual perspective of movement diplomacy, the terms "resistance" and "Islamic awakening" have been widely used in the scientific and academic fields; The subject of "movement diplomacy" is new and needs to be studied and researched. The history of movement diplomacy goes back to the formation of the Islamic Revolution and its nature and concept to the movement of the Prophets. In this article, movement diplomacy based on Imam Khomeini's foreign policy theory will be evaluated. The current research will be done in terms of method, descriptive-analytical and with a qualitative approach. The main question of the article is what were the results and consequences of the transnational movement diplomacy of the Islamic Revolution and what are its examples? The findings of the research show that the most important results of the movement diplomacy of the Islamic Revolution include; The concept of resistance has been the geopolitical development of resistance, the nature of Islamic awakening, the politicization of Islam. As a result of the movement diplomacy affected by the Islamic Revolution, the element of Islam and politics in power and society was reproduced and theorized with a new theoretical approach. The most important consequence of this has been the emergence of increasing interaction and interactionism against the domination system.

This article examines the concept of justice, especially political justice in the thought of Imam Khomeini and John Rawls. For this purpose, the indicators of political justice are determined first, and then they are examined in the thought of Imam Khomeini and John Rawls. The main question is, what are the principles and characteristics of political justice from the perspective of Imam Khomeini and what are the points of commonality or difference compared to John Rawls? The data of this research, which is based on the descriptive and analytical method and the comparison of two thinkers, shows that the political thought of Imam Khomeini is considered as a semantic system consisting of a set of interconnected signs. In the elaboration of Imam Khomeini's discourse on political justice, we can consider the central sign as "justice", which is at the core of his thought, and all other signs are in line with justice. Anti-tyranny, anti-arrogance, populism and defense of the oppressed are among the indicators of political justice specific to Imam Khomeini's thought, and indicators such as public security, public participation and equal right to choose, safeguarding the political rights of all, The right to criticize and monitor, and the freedom of assembly and dealing with civil disobedience are common in the thought of Imam Khomeini (RA) and John Rawls regarding political justice in order to develop and improve the human society as much as possible.

The resistance economy of a powerful and impenetrable fortress against the unilateral sanctions of the domination systems can be a model of strategy and function for the Islamic countries of the region, which needs a dialogue with a strategic approach. Therefore, the main goal of this research is the strategic analysis of the discourse of resistance economy in the Islamic countries of the region. The current research is an applied research in terms of its purpose, and it is considered a survey-type descriptive research in terms of data collection method. The community of contributors includes the directors of the Presidential Strategic Review Center. A targeted method was used for sampling and theoretical saturation was achieved with 13 people. The tools of data collection were semi-structured expert interviews and SWOT questionnaire. To analyze the data in the qualitative section, qualitative content analysis method and MaxQDA software were used. In the quantitative part, SWOT analysis method and quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) were used for strategic analysis. The findings of the research showed that the evaluation matrix of internal and external factors is in an aggressive position, and the appropriate strategy for the discourse of resistance economy in the countries of the region should be to use the maximum capabilities and internal points to exploit and optimally use the existing opportunities.

The question of the article is, what is the importance of independence and freedom in the second step of the Islamic revolution, and what levels and areas should be realized? The idea of the article is to reflect on the importance of independence and freedom and the key role of these two in the progress and development of society and especially in the creation of civilization. Therefore, the driving engine of the revolution is independence and freedom, and as much as these two are developed in a favorable way in the society, we can hope that the revolution has taken a step towards progress, which is a prelude to achieving a new civilization, and any amount of independence and freedom is a threat. And to be clear, the revolution has moved away from its original goals. Two original demands have been placed in independence and freedom, which have been demanded for more than a hundred years, that is, the negation of colonialism and the negation of tyranny, which are the two layers of independence and freedom, and have been clearly highlighted in the statement of the second step. The topics of this article, with a descriptive and analytical method, will be an overview of the concept of freedom and three social freedoms, including decision making, acting and thinking. Then it deals with the issue of national independence, which includes the freedom of the nation and the government. In addition to the fact that it is part of the theoretical foundations of the Islamic revolution and human responsibility, this effort is because the people's aspect and role-playing of the people is vital in the continuation of the revolution.

After the formation in Iran, due to Iran's ideological identity, foreign enemies have always had a strategic confrontation with Iran. Examining the actions of foreign enemies and their allies inside the country, well reveals the extent of their hostility to the Islamic Revolution. This enmity has taken a new form in each period of time, and the last case was in November 2019, which occurred after the implementation of the fuel management plan. This crisis had unique features and was unprecedented in terms of the number of cities involved in the crisis, the level of violence, and so on. But in any security incident, there are hidden reasons why their interaction leads to that incident. Therefore, recognizing the causes of the incident and the relationship between these factors can pave the way for managing the regime's future crises. For this purpose, in this research, experts were interviewed and the issues raised were analyzed by grounded theory method. The results show that the five main factors that played a major role in the occurrence of this incident are: cyberspace, global enemies planning, intelligence surprises, unplanned government, high dispersion and high crisis violence.