نشریه پرستاری کودکان
سال نهم شماره 3 (بهار 1402)

Stress is an undeniable fact and a factor in the evolution of human life and is known as one of the most important causes of diseases one of the groups that are exposed to various stresses is adolescents. One of the factors that makes some people less affected by different pressures and less injured is the use of coping skills against stressors. Spiritual intelligence, as one of the new concepts of intelligence, includes a kind of adaptation and problem-solving behavior that is important in terms of coping with stress. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and coping styles in adolescent girls in Gonabad in 2018.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 300 adolescent girls aged 12 to 16 years in Gonabad by stratified sampling. Data were collected through the Demographic Information Questionnaire, King Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire, and endler parker's coping strategies Questionnaire among adolescent girls.

the average age of students, and parents were 14.25, 46.05, and 41.75 years, respectively. The results showed that the average score of spiritual intelligence was81.04±14.99. The highest average for stress coping style is related to the emotional area of 52.70±11.85. there is a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and coping styles (P<0.001).

There is a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and coping styles; spiritual intelligence and coping styles in adolescent girls can affect their physical and mental health.

Sleep disorders are a serious threat to adolescent academic achievement and health. Understanding the prevalence of these disorders and related factors is essential in determining public health policies and counseling families. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the quality of sleep and its related factors in adolescents in Bushehr in 2020.

In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 851 adolescents aged 15 to 18 years in Bushehr were studied. Sampling was done randomly from all secondary and non-governmental high schools in Bushehr for boys and girls. Data collection tools included a demographic profile form and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Significance level was considered less than 0.05 in all cases.

In 597 students (70.2%) the quality of sleep was inadequate and most of them (44%) had delayed sleep disorders. The average weekly hours of digital device use was 24.15 (24.01) hours. 74.7% of students preferred to use digital devices to sleep at least one night a week. Students who preferred to use digital devices more than 4 nights a week to sleep, as well as students who used cell phones more per week, had poorer sleep quality. Also, the girl's gender was directly related to poor sleep quality. Taken together, these variables explained 20.4 to 27.2% of the changes in sleep quality and the tested model was statistically significant. (Chi-square =181/629, P value<0.001).

The results of this study highlight the need to pay more attention to sleep hygiene in adolescents and increase the supervision of parents and school officials over the use and extent of electronic devices and mobile phones by adolescents and also, highlight preventive measures in this area.

Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with sleep and behavioral problems.   This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of child mindfulness therapy on sleep and behavioral problems of children with ADHD.

  This clinical trial study was conducted on all girls aged 7 to 12 years with ADHD in Mashhad, Iran, using a pre-and post-intervention, control, and follow-up design.  .   A total of 38 girls with ADHD were divided into two groups of intervention (19 people) and control (19 people) by a simple random method. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire  (CSHQ; Owens et al., 2000) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach & Rescolar, 2000) were used to collect data.  ,  The child mindfulness therapy was implemented in eight sessions for the intervention group and the control group did not receive any type of intervention during the study.

 The child's mindfulness training reduced sleep problems.  such as resistance to falling asleep, parasomnias, and daytime sleepiness, and behavioral problems in the post-test and follow-up (p<0.05).

Child mindfulness training is recommended  to reduce sleep and behavioral problems in children with ADHD.

Self-injury in teenagers refers to intentional self-injurious behavior that lacks any predetermined external motivation or intention and brings psychological and physical health costs in the field of health and health for human societies. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of two group therapies compassion-focused therapy and positive- orientated on empathy and happiness in adolescent girls with a background of self-injury.

The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research included all female students studying in the second secondary level of the 4th district of Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021, of which there were 45 students who met the criteria for entering the study, were selected and randomly assigned in three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). The data was collected by the demographic information checklist, empathy, and sympathy questionnaire in teenagers (ESQR) by Vossen et al. (2015), the Oxford happiness questionnaire by Hills and Argyle (2002). The data were analyzed through Multiple Analyses of Variance and Ben Feroni's post hoc test and with SPSS-26 statistical software.

The results indicated that in the post-test phase, there is a statistically significant difference between the average score of happiness and empathy in the three groups (P<0.05). Also, the results of Ben Feroni's post hoc test showed that there is no significant difference in the effectiveness of the two-treatment methods compassion-Focused therapy, and positive treatment on empathy (P>0.05). However, the positive approach compared to the treatment compassion-focused therapy had a greater effect on increasing the feeling of happiness (P<0.05).

The findings revealed that psychological interventions such as compassion-focused therapy and positive-oriented therapy can lead to increased empathy and happiness in adolescent girls with a history of self-injury. However, the positive treatment led to a greater sense of happiness in adolescents due to challenging hopelessness and negative thoughts and creating hope. The use of psychological interventions as a group in schools and educational centers can help these teenagers to be seen, reduce their worries  ,and ultimately their psychological well-being.

 With progress in the medical care of premature infants, the survival rate of these infants has increased. Physiological indicators of premature infants such as breathing rate, blood oxygen saturation, and heart rate indicate their health status and changes in them are the most important and the first sign of change in health. One of the interventions that have been carried out in recent years in premature babies; is olfactory stimuli. However, no summary of the effect of these interventions on physiological indicators has been done so far, so this study was conducted with the aim of reviewing and summarizing the effect of this intervention on the physiological indicators of premature infants.

A search was performed using PICO search terms for relevant studies. The research question was as follows: "What effect does olfactory stimuli have on blood oxygen saturation and heart rate in premature infants?" An extensive search was conducted in the electronic databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus until December 20, 2021, without a time limit. This systematic review study was organized based on the Cochrane manual and using the PRISMA statement. The inclusion criteria were original research studies that implemented olfactory interventions in premature infants. Pilot studies due to the different sample size from original research studies, also if an article is published in several sources, an article published in a source with less credibility than the study, non-English language articles, letters to the editor, and olfactory interventions on term infants and children, are excluded from the study.

Out of a total of 272 studies, 8 articles that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Out of 8 extracted studies, 2 semi-experimental studies and 6 clinical trial studies were randomized. Also, 50% (4 cases) of average quality and 50% of articles (4 cases) were strong. Aromatherapy with the smell of breast milk, vanilla, and amniotic fluid caused changes in blood oxygen saturation and heart rate of premature infants. Among the many olfactory stimuli, the use of vanilla was the most effective.

Olfactory stimuli are effective in improving oxygen saturation and stabilizing heart rate in premature infants. Because it is an easy and uncomplicated intervention and is effective in stabilizing the physiological condition of premature infants; it is recommended to use this method for nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit. Of course, due to the fact that the number of samples and few studies have been done in this field, caution should be used in interpreting the results.

Adequate knowledge and positive attitude of nurses are effective in better assessment and management of pain in children, and have positive consequences for children during hospitalization. The aim of this study is to determine the level of knowledge and attitude of nursing students as future nurses in pediatric pain management.

This research is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Census sampling design is used and samples include 55 third-year undergraduate nursing students of Mahabad School of Nursing (affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences) and the Faculty of Nursing of Islamic Azad University, Mahabad Branch in 2021-22. Data were collected through the PPKAQ questionnaire. The translation and reverse translation processes were performed to prepare the Persian version of the questionnaire and evaluate the face and content validity of the instrument. To determine the reliability, the test-retest method and internal consistency of the instrument were used. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods through SPSS software version 26.

The results of this study showed that the participants got the highest score in the dimension of non-drug pain relief methods and the lowest score in the dimension of drug pain relief methods. The attitude score of the students was 10.0±3.19 with a range of 0-16 and the knowledge score was 24.22±8.76 with a range of 0-38. The average total score of correct answers was 34.11±22.52 with a range of 0-52, equivalent to 48.19%, which is significantly less than the acceptable standard (80%) for pain management.

This study showed that nursing students do not have sufficient knowledge and favorable attitude towards pain management in children. Based on these results, there is an urgent need to improve child's pain management education to prepare nursing students well to meet the pain needs of vulnerable children and their families.

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have a low level in math learning and spatial intelligence compared to their peers, this matter has a lot to do with the subject’s academic and social performance. This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of abacus training on increasing the mathematical learning and spatial intelligence of primary school students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The present study is a semi-experimental one with pre-test, post-test and a control group. The statistical population of this research is the students of non-profit schools in district 3 of Yasooj city in 2022. For this paper, 40 subjects consisting of primary school students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were randomly selected and divided into two groups experimental and control groups each containing 20 subjects. The experimental group was trained in 12 sessions of 45 minutes, twice a week, and the control group received training after completing the research. The participants were evaluated with the demographic information form, the Iran Kemet math test, and the revised Wechsler cube design test for children (WISC-R) in 2 stages. SPSS version 24 statistical package was used to analyze the data.

The results of covariance analysis showed that the mean score of math scores and spatial intelligence in the experimental group was significant compared to the control group after training the (p<0.001). The highest effect size was respectively related to math scores at 0.91 and spatial intelligence at 0.28.

According to the results of this research, Therefore suggest that educational officials with the aid of experts in this field accomplish this art in primary schools as this training leads to strengthening their mathematical learning and spatial intelligence and better academic and social performance in them.

A blind and deaf child has a great impact on the family and their mutual relations, and it can bring issues such as marital discord, psychological pressure, bearing a heavy economic burden, and failure to take care of personal needs for the family. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of predicting the quality of life based on hope, self-compassion, and spiritual health in the mothers of deaf and blind children.

The current research is correlational. The current research population includes all mothers of deaf and blind children in Khorramabad city in 1400, according to previous research and also the number of variables, samples of 300 mothers were collected using a regular random sampling method. World Health Organization's quality of life questionnaire, hope, self-compassion, and spiritual health was used. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and path analysis using SPSS-24 and Amos-24 software programs.

The findings of the research show that the correlation coefficients between all research variables are significant at the p<0.01 level, and the results of the bootstrap test for all mediating paths are significant at the p0.05 level. Considering that zero is outside the confidence interval in all paths, all the hypothesized mediating relationships are significant.

It can be concluded that hope, self -sacrifice, and spiritual health are related to the quality of life of deaf and blind mothers. It is suggested to hold self-compassion training courses to increase the health and quality of life of mothers with deaf and blind children

Nurse-mother communication is a challenge in neonatal units, and many moral debates in these units are due to communication problems between mothers and nurses. The present study was performed to determine the status of nurses' and mothers' perceptions of nurse-mother ‎communication in the neonatal units of selected hospitals in ‎Bushehr ‎province in 2021‎.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in six hospitals in Bushehr province. Nurses and mothers who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study using the two-month census method. Data collection tools included the mothers’ and nurses’ demographic information forms and questionnaires on their perception of nurse-mother ‎communication. The validity and reliability of questionnaires have been confirmed in previous studies. ‎Data collected from 104 nurses and 236 mothers were analyzed using SPSS version 24.

The mean score of mothers' perception of nurse-mother communication was 59.27±12.82 and the mean score of nurses' perception of nurse-mother communication was 73.37±9.57. In addition, a statistically significant relationship was found between the mean score of mothers' perception of nurse-mother communication and the admitted unit and the gestational age of the baby. There was also a statistically significant relationship between nurses' perception of nurse-mother communication and their employment status.

Mothers' perception of nurse-mother communication was at a moderate level, while nurses' perception was at a high level. Considering the existing difference between their perceptions, planning is needed to enhance the role of nurses and strengthen their ‎communication skills consistent with the family-centered care approach. It is therefore suggested that nursing authorities provide a platform to educate nurses and make them more familiar with mothers' needs.

Mothers of children undergoing open heart surgery suffer from self-efficacy disorders due to the need for lifelong follow-up and care, and frequent hospitalizations. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of retraining during discharge in the field of managing clinical outcomes at home on the self-efficacy of mothers of children undergoing open heart surgery.

A semi-experimental study including 72 mothers whose children (under one year old) underwent surgery in Tehran Medical Center Hospital participated in two control and experimental groups. The sampling method in the intervention and control groups was randomly assigned using the 4-way block method. Data collection tool, demographic information questionnaire and perceived self-efficacy of parenting (Barnes) Ed. The intervention group received retraining training from the time of admission to the time of discharge on the child's bed during four sessions. The self-efficacy of parents in both groups was measured before the intervention, at the time of discharge, and one month after discharge from the hospital.

The average score of self-efficacy in the intervention and control groups before the intervention was 56.41±7.63 and 60.50±8.07 respectively (p<0.05). The covariance analysis test showed that with the self-efficacy score reaching 75.47±4.56 and 65.86±5.82 in the intervention and control groups, considering the previous score as the intervening variable, the difference between the scores of the two groups after The intervention and in the follow-up phase was statistically significant (p<0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of changes in the self-efficacy scale score in favor of the intervention group (P<0.05).

The retraining method is effective on the self-efficacy of mothers of children undergoing open heart surgery. Therefore, it is recommended to use it in training programs during discharge.