مجله علوم پزشکی صدرا
سال دهم شماره 4 (پاییز 1401)

The new DSM-5 “Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders” chapter contains a series of conditions supposed to be etiologically related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study aimed to investigate the genetic and environmental contribution to Skin Picking Disorder and relate the findings to contemporary theories about the etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This research was a twin study design. 672 twins (Mz=474; DZ=202) were selected from twins associations in some cities in Iran in 2019. The Skin Picking Scale and the Self-Report of Zygosity were used as the research instruments. Twin modeling methods were employed to decompose the variance in the liability to excoriation (skin-picking) disorder (SPD) into additive genetic and shared and non-shared environmental factors. SPSS-26, Stata-17 and M-plus version 8.3.2 analyzed the data.

Univariate model-fitting analyses showed that genetic factors accounted for approximately 80% of the variance in SPD, whereas non-shared environmental factors and measurement error were responsible for the remaining variance. Shared environmental factors were negligible. The best-fitted model for SPD was DE.

The results indicate that SPD has a strong heritability. Therefore, family and molecular genetic studies are required to delineate the role of candidate genes and non-shared environmental factors.

The Dichotomous Thinking in Eating Disorders Scale (DTEDS) is a short, self- assessment of the presence of a rigid, “black-and-white” cognitive thinking style. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of Dichotomous Thinking in eating disorders in Iran.

For this purpose, a sample of 362 women with nutritional problems referring to health centers, nutrition clinics, and beauty institutes of Shiraz (2019-2020) were selected by convenience sampling method and Eating Attitudes Scale. In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, participants responded to the Persian version of Dichotomous Thinking Eating Disorders and Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scales. Finally, based on the data collected, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and divergent validity were employed to determine the construct validity. Moreover, the reliability of the questionnaire was assessed via internal consistency (Cronbach alpha).

factor analysis supported the original two-factor model of the questionnaire, and fit indices indicated a good model fit. The questionnaire's convergent and divergent validity and internal consistency were also adequate. For two factors, Cronbach’s alpha ranges from 0.74 to 0.88, suggesting satisfactory reliability of the Persian version of the DTEDS.

The Persian version of the DTEDS has adequate validity and reliability in Iranian society and is a good self-report for research and clinical settings.

The abnormal growth of the brain cells leads to a brain tumor, which has the highest mortality rate. Brain tumor segmentation from magnetic resonance images (MRI) separate the abnormal mass of tissue from normal brain tissues. However, manual brain tumor segmentation from MRI is time-consuming and prone to human errors. Therefore, developing an automatic brain tumor segmentation is an important and challenging task from a medical point of view.

This paper presents an active contour-based method for automatic brain tumor segmentation from multimodal MRI. In the first step, the tumor boundary is detected using the symmetry of the brain structures in the two hemispheres of the brain, followed by the kernel-based fuzzy algorithm. Then, in the second step, the active contour is used to segment the brain tumor from multimodal MRI using an initial contour defined based on the detected boundary.

The proposed method was evaluated on the BraTS2017 dataset, including high- and low-grade tumors. In comparison with other active contour-based methods, the experimental evaluation using Dice (95.22±0.033), Jaccard (91.10±0.062) sensitivity (94.79±0.059), and specificity (99.70±0.003) showed that the proposed method yielded better performance on tumor segmentation.

The proposed automatic tumor segmentation method achieved better segmentation results than other active contour-based methods.

Considering the students’ importance in the construction and development of society, analyzing data on students' mental health is essential. However, the growing volume of data requires analysis and management, and at a higher level, the discovery of knowledge, and the use of techniques such as data mining in the health field becomes more apparent.

The research conducted in 1399 is based on the data cleansing of the Caspian 5 questionnaire conducted in Iran from 1393 to 1394. Using purposive sampling, the authors extracted 23 characteristics affecting the mental health of students aged 13 to 18 years in 4 regions: North, South, West, and East Central.  A set of characteristics affecting mental health were extracted for the provined included in each region.

In the southern regions, the consumption of sweets and in the northern regions, the consumption of sausages, hot dogs, pizzas, and hamburgers had the greatest impact on students’ mental health. In the western regions, tea, and coffee, and in the central regions, the average sleep per week had the greatest impact on mental health.

it can be concluded that nutrition is the most important factor affecting mental health although the results showed that in some parts of the country, physical activity and sleep quality can also affect mental health, so direct impact of these parameters should not be ignored.

Stressed people are physically, psychologically, and behaviorally damaged. This study aimed to investigate the effect of job stress on nurses' caring behaviors and quality of life related to their health during Coronavirus pandemic.

The present study is an applied and analytical research conducted cross-sectionally in 2021. The study's statistical population was 740 nurses from the hospitals of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The authors randomly selected a sample of 253 nurses using Cochran's formula. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire. The structural equation model test analyzed the collected data to measure the research hypotheses using SPSS 22 and Amos 22 software

The standard coefficient value between stress and caring behavior is -0.47, and the significant value (t-value) is greater than 1.96 (equal to 5.350) at 95% level; therefore, the relationship between these two variables was found significant. Moreover, the standard coefficient value between job stress and quality of work life is -0.55, and the significant value (t-value) is greater than 1.96 (equal to 6.488) at the 95% level, showing a significant relationship between these two variables.

Considering the obtained results, it is necessary to develop effective strategies, such as staff participation in decision-making, supervisory support, and reducing work pressure for improving working conditions and reducing nurses’ occupational stress.

While ionizing radiation benefits the general population, its stochastic and non-stochastic effects necessitate the protection of patients against possible injuries. This study evaluated X-ray equivalent dose at radiology centers in Zahedan in 2017.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in radiology and dentistry departments and waiting rooms. The census method was used for sampling. Six radiology centers, four public hospitals, and thirteen dental offices were chosen for this study. X-ray equivalent dose was measured in μSv/h using MKS-05 ―TERRA dosimeter radiometer. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS version 22.

The highest and lowest mean equivalent doses were, respectively, related to machine operators in public hospitals (0.36 ± 0.06 µsv/hr) and dental department staff (0.06 ± 0.01 µsv/hr), which were lower than the permissible level. On the other hand, exposure rate of the radiology staff of some departments was found to be 0.55 μSv/h, which is above the permissible level. Also, the operators' highest amount of radiation exposure was related to dental, chest, and lumbosacral radiographies.

Given that the radiology staff is indirectly but constantly subjected to ionizing radiation above the standard dose, it is recommended to take preventive measures such as observing an appropriate distance from the radiology room, reinspection of shields, applying protective devices, and monitoring the exposure dose for this group.

Breast milk is important for children's growth and the prevention of common diseases; moreover, it benefits the mother. Due to the importance of this issue, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of Indiana Model-based Educational intervention on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of lactating women in Shalmzar.

This study was an experimental research with control and internention groups, 38 participants in each group, in which educational intervention conducted on 76 breastfeeding mothers referred to Shalamzar Comprehensive Health Service Center in 1400. Data collection tools were a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of four sections: demographic information, knowledge assessment questionnaire, attitude assessment questionnaire, and performance assessment questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software (version 24).

The mean age of mothers participating in the study was 29.78 ± 6.02 years, with an age range of 20-41 years. Before the educational intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding knowledge, attitude, and performance mean scores (p> 0.05). But after the educational intervention in the intervention group, the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice of breastfeeding mothers increased significantly (p <0.001)

The results of the present study showed that traditional educational design is based on the Indiana communication model, which consists of seven important and basic elements, including objectives, audience, content, organization, tool, presentation, and evaluation, and all its components and elements Systematically interact with each other; therefore, it can increase the awareness, attitude, and practice of lactating women in breastfeeding.

Considering the growing trend of cancer incidence and mortality in the world, regardless of the human development level, cancer control and prevention programs should be a high priority in health policies. Developing the national cancer control program is in line with these efforts. Therefore, the current review study was conducted to examine the dimensions of national cancer control programs and the strategies used in these programs. This study was conducted to investigate the dimensions of the national cancer control program of different countries. To find relevant articles, the authors searched keywords, such as National Program of Cancer Registries, Screening, Neoplasms, Cancer, and Cancer Control separately and in combination in databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct. Furthermore, the Persian equivalents of these keywords were searched in Sid, Magiran, and Civilica. Finally, full text articles related to the cancer control program in Farsi or English published from 2000 to 2020 were selected. 586 articles were identified, and finally, 19 were investigated. The dimensions of the national cancer control program differed among countries and they had used different strategies to implement the cancer control program. The National Cancer Control Program is the most logical means to achieve a significant degree of cancer control, even in cases with limited resources.