نشریه آموزش و پرورش متعالی
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 6، تابستان 1401)

The current study aimed to investigate the mediatory role played by self-efficacy in the relationship between mentalization and psychological resilience among the primary school teachers of Khomeini Shahr, Iran. The descriptive-correlation methodology was implemented in the study. The population included all the 780 primary school teachers of Khomeini Shahr, Iran, during the 2021-22 academic year. Based on Morgan’s table, 256 teachers (N=256) were selected using the simple random sampling technique. Instruments used in the study included the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (Fonagy et al., 2016), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003), and the General Self-efficacy Scale (Sherer, 1982). The analysis of the data was conducted using the Pearson correlation coefficient, structural equation modeling, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (to determine the use of parametric tests). All the fit indices of the proposed were convenient and above the acceptable level (p<0.01), which indicated the remarkable fitness of the model. The χ2 value and the degree of freedom were obtained as 3.12 and 18 (p<0.05), respectively. This indicated that no difference exists between the fit model and the ideal model. Thus, it was shown that the proposed model is fitted with the ideal model, and self-efficacy plays a mediatory role in the relationship between mentalization and psychological resilience.

Students' moral behaviors can be related to identity components and their perception of social interactions. This research aimed to investigate the mediating role of perception of social interaction in the relationship between moral behavior and identity dimensions among students.

The research method was descriptive-correlation and the statistical population included all senior high-school students of the second period in Hamedan city in the academic year 2021-2022. Two hundred and fifty students were selected by a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The data collection tools were Moral Behavior, Types of Identity, and Perception of Social Interaction questionnaires. Data analysis was done with the Structural Equation Modeling method by Lisrel software.

The findings indicated that the proposed model has a good fit with the experimental data (x2/df = 1.86, GFI = 0.92, NFI = 0.96, CFI = 0.95, and 0.059 = RMSEA). The results of the Structural Equation Modeling indicate that the perception of social interaction has a significant mediating role in the relationship between moral behavior and identity dimensions. The results of the Sobel test also indicated that the perception of positive interaction (P < 0.01, Z = 4.55) and the perception of negative interaction (P < 0.01, Z = 8.89) have a significant mediating role in the relationship between moral behavior and identity dimensions.

Based on the findings of this research, it can be said that the moral behavior among students is related to the type of identity they have formed; and in this regard, the students' perception of their interactive patterns is also effective.

Students' moral behaviors can be related to identity components and their perception of social interactions. This research aimed to investigate the mediating role of perception of social interaction in the relationship between moral behavior and identity dimensions among students.
Research The research method was descriptive-correlation and the statistical population included all senior high-school students of the second period in Hamedan city in the academic year 2021-2022. Two hundred and fifty students were selected by a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The data collection tools were Moral Behavior, Types of Identity, and Perception of Social Interaction questionnaires. Data analysis was done with the Structural Equation Modeling method by Lisrel software.
The findings indicated that the proposed model has a good fit with the experimental data (x2/df = 1.86, GFI = 0.92, NFI = 0.96, CFI = 0.95, and 0.059 = RMSEA). The results of the Structural Equation Modeling indicate that the perception of social interaction has a significant mediating role in the relationship between moral behavior and identity dimensions. The results of the Sobel test also indicated that the perception of positive interaction (P < 0.01, Z = 4.55) and the perception of negative interaction (P < 0.01, Z = 8.89) have a significant mediating role in the relationship between moral behavior and identity dimensions.
Based on the findings of this research, it can be said that the moral behavior among students is related to the type of identity they have formed; and in this regard, the students' perception of their interactive patterns is also effective.

E-commerce is the performance of commercial activities including the process of buying, selling or exchanging products, services and information through computer networks and the Internet. The purpose of this study was to provide an analytical model of e-commerce in the educational industries required by the schools in Iran.

the research method was Grounded theory, which was done qualitatively through in-depth interviews, with the help of a systematic data recording process. The sampling method was purposive stratified and statistical population consisted of 15 professors and experts of marketing and 13 marketing and online sales managers of companies producing educational goods who were interviewed through snowball method. Then, the data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using the grounded theory method and through three stages of coding. Finally, the designed model was a contextual model that deals with macro contexts and infrastructures to explain the implementation process of e-commerce in the country's educational industry.

Include 6 main categories, i.e. causal conditions (supervision-policy-making-occupational-economic), contextual conditions (role modeling-lifestyle-ICT development-environmental learning), intervening conditions (information-technical-legal-cultural), strategies (manpower-equipment- localization), consequences (economic - structural - cultural - environmental) and the central phenomenon was the implementation of e-commerce in the production sector of the educational industry.

The qualitative results of this study indicated that the world of Internet and e-commerce in the production sector of Iran's educational industry will lead to targeted customer-oriented activities.

The world of children is full of joy, freshness and wonder. Play is the biggest support for the child's personality and mental well-being, as well as the child's mental and physical development. Playing games is the bond that forms their friendships and gives them the opportunity to acquire mental and emotional skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of educational games in cyberspace on increasing the learning of the Persian alphabet by first grade elementary school students.

 the research study was experimental type. The study population includes first grade male students in District 8 at Tehran city. Sixty first grade students of Fakhami-1 school in two classes of 30 people have been selected based on the random sampling method. These two classes were selected from all the first elementary classes and one class of 30 people was randomly assigned as the control group and the other 30 people as the experimental group. To collect the data, a researcher-made educational achievement test of Persian alphabet was used. The educational game was also designed by the researcher and implemented on the experimental group.

results showed that the educational games in virtual education have been effective to increase the learning of the Persian alphabet in first grade students. The findings indicate that educational games in virtual education are effective in increasing the reading and writing skills of the Persian alphabet in first grade elementery school students.

In the present study, the effect of art education on creativity and the power of analysis and learning of elementary students from the perspective of teachers and principals was investigated in the form of a causal model.

The statistical population of this research composed of teachers and principals of the first to sixth grade girls' schools in Bojnord city, in the academic year of 2020-2021, as 705 people, among which 254 people were selected by simple random sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. After confirmation of validity by experts in this field, the total reliability of the questions was calculated to be 0.89. Data analysis was performed through processing and structural modeling using SPSS26 and Amos24 softwares in two descriptive and inferential sections.

The results of direct relations between the research variables in the proposed model indicated that in the whole sample all path coefficients were statistically significant.

 Also, in the final research model, art education has a positive and significant effect on the power of analysis, creativity and learning.

The purpose of this study was to provide a pattern of perceived organizational and social support and quality of work life with the moderating role of psychological empowerment of physical education teachers in Mamasani and Rostam counties. The nature of this descriptive research is of survey type and in terms of relationships between variables, it is of correlation type.

The statistical population of this study included all 94 physical education teachers in Mamasani and Rostam counties. Among these, 83 people collaborated with the researcher through total population sampling method. Data were collected from one demographic questionnaire and four standard questionnaires of perceived organizational support (Eisenberger et al., 1990), perceived social support (Zimt et al., 1988), quality of work life (Carrie Walton, 1975) and psychological empowerment. (Spritzer, 1995). In order to describe the data, descriptive statistical methods were used and for inferential analysis of the data, the statistical methods of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient, regression and structural equations were used in SPSS software.

Findings of this study indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between perceived organizational support and perceived social support with quality of work life through psychological empowerment of subjects. The model presented in the research has a good fit (P ≤ 0.01).

As a result, more attention should be paid to the variables of social support, organizational support and psychological empowerment of employees in order to improve the quality of work life within the organization.

The success of organizations and managers is always dependent on a number of key factors and identifying and strengthening such factors will lead to the success of organizations more than ever. The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between high school principals' behavioral style and the positive performance of teaching staff with regard to the mediating role of organizational resilience.

The present research is practical in terms of its purpose, and based on the method, it is a descriptive research of the correlation type. The statistical population was the teaching staff of the junior high schools of District 3 of Ahvaz city, whose number is 254 people. The sample size was calculated based on Cochran's formula as of 153 people. The sampling method was convenience random sampling. The research instruments were Mohammadi and Sharafi Behavioral Styles Questionnaire (2014), Luthans et al. (2007) Positive Performance Questionnaire and Connor & Davidson (2003) Resilience Questionnaire. Due to the standardization of research tools and confirmation of validy and reliability in previous researches, in this research, content validity has been approved by supervisors and advisors and using Cronbach's alpha reliability was obtained as 0.839, 0.729 and 0.874, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data, and path analysis test (structural equations) was used to investigate the mediator role (Sobel test).

The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between principals' behavioral styles and positive performance of teaching staff and organizational resilience also has a mediating role in this regard.

It seems that in order to improve the performance of teaching staff, it is necessary for principals to use different behavioral styles.