Razavi International Journal of Medicine
Volume:11 Issue: 2, Spring 2023

Burnout syndrome comprises three dimensions, namely emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and decreased personal accomplishment. Regarding the difficulties in the midwifery profession, midwives are at risk of burnout.

This study aimed to determine the intensity and frequency of burnout and its related factors in midwives working in healthcare centers of Tehran, Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, 300 midwives were selected by the cluster-random method. Data collection tools were demographic and Maslach burnout questionnaires. The data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 16).

The mean scores of burnout frequency and intensity in midwives were 54.31±14.54 and 62.71±17.46, respectively. Among the three dimensions of occupational burnout, the highest frequency (50%) and intensity (59.3%) were related to decreased personal accomplishment. Occupational burnout and its dimensions had a significant relationship with the variables of high workload, unwillingness to do their job, work shifts, and service department (P<0.05).

High workload, unwillingness to do the midwifery job, and long consecutive or night shifts in the hospital increase the rate of occupational burnout among midwives. In addition to the loss of capital and reduction of productivity, occupational burnout can reduce the quality of midwifery care and decrease the satisfaction of clients. It is suggested that by using the results of this study, appropriate measures be taken to reduce the burnout of midwives.Keywords: Health services centers, Iran, Midwives, Occupational burnout

It is necessary to help people with irritable bowel syndrome to solve the problems related to this disease, identifying the factors affecting self-efficacy and rumination of these people, which can be improved by using different approaches.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of self-compassion therapy on rumination and self-efficacy in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

The current study consisted of a control group pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome who were referred to medical facilities in Tehran in 2020 made up the statistical population of this study. Of these, 30 subjects were selected by available sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and were placed in an experimental group and one control group (each group of 15). The experimental group received self-compassion therapy in 10 sessions based on Gilbert (2009) training package. Data were collected using the self-efficacy questionnaire (1982) and rumination scale (1999). Data analysis was performed by repeated measure analysis of variance and Bonferroni test in SPSS software version 22.

The results of this study showed that self-compassion therapy affected self-efficacy (P < 0.01) and rumination (P < 0.01) in IBS patients.

It can be concluded that self-compassion therapy is about self-efficacy and rethinking in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, so these abilities and training should be used to plan health measures. mental health, especially for patients with irritable bowel syndrome.Keywords: IBS ,Rumination, Self-efficacy, Self-compassion

To report an uncommon case of choroidal metastasis caused by male breast cancer.

Case report:

 A 35-year-old gentleman presented with decreased visual acuity of left eye for about 6 months. The patient had a history of infiltrating breast carcinoma. The patient underwent a mastectomy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy for the cancer four years ago. He was under oral medical therapy with tamoxifen. Ophthalmoscopic examination, B-scan ultrasonography, Fundus autofluorescence, Macular Optical Coherence Topography and other imaging were characteristics of metastatic choroidal tumor. Systemic investigations disclosed advanced metastatic disease. Radiotherapy is the preferred treatment for alleviating the symptoms. he received six cycles of systemic chemotherapy every three weeks with Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil. 6 months after treatment the patients BCVA increased to 4/10, and there was a reduction observed in the size of the choroidal metastasis.

In situations involving choroidal metastasis, it is important to consider the possibility of breast cancer as the primary cancer. We report this case to highlight this unusual source of choroidal metastasis, in males. Keywords: Choroid Diseases, Male Breast Neoplasm, Male Breast Carcinoma, Neoplasm metastasis

Patients of Covid-19 are susceptible to suffering of psychological disorders such as anxiety, worry, fear, hopelessness, confusion, insomnia and depression.

The present study aimed to reviewing Evidence-based non-drug interventions in the management of the psychological consequences of the prevalence covid 19.

The present systematic review article was conducted by searching and screening related studies on databases of Scopus, Cochrane, Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, in accordance with the PICO scale and PRISMA guidelines during the prevalence covid 19.

Of the eight selected papers, two were in children and six in adults. In patients with a definitive diagnosis of COVID-19, a significant effect of internet-based integrated intervention was shown to reduce depression and anxiety (P<0.001). Online psychoeducational interventions resulted in a significant difference in increasing resilience (P=0.04) and reducing perceived stress of patients (P=0.01). Jacobson’s relaxation technique intervention in COVID-19 patients indicated statistically significant difference in improving quality of sleep and decreases anxiety (P<0.001). The results of respiratory rehabilitation interventions and stretching exercises in COVID-19 patients were associated with improved pulmonary function tests, a significant increase in quality of life scores, and a significant decrease in depression and anxiety scores. Digital cognitive behavioral therapy significantly reduced depression and stress (P<0.001).

Psychological intervention can decrease depression and anxiety in healthy and patients of COVID-19 during a disease outbreak. Therefore, different psychological approaches can be effective in reducing anxiety during this stressful period.Keywords: COVID-19, Evidence-based Practice, Non-drug interventions, Psychological Distress, Systematic review

Chemotherapy, which is the primary therapeutic approach widely used in cancer treatment, causes various complications, such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. The present study aimed to determine the effects of Iranian herbal medicines (ginger, chamomile, and mint) and phytoestrogens on controlling the side effects of chemotherapy in patients.

The present study aimed to determine the effects of Iranian herbal medicines (ginger, chamomile, and mint) and phytoestrogens on controlling the side effects of chemotherapy in patients.

The search strategy included the use of international electronic sources, such as ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, and national electronic sources, such as (SID.ir and Magiran) scientific databases, systematically and without a time limit until January 1, 2021. The quality of enrolled articles was assessed using the Jadad Scale. Ginger, chamomile, and mints affecting nausea and vomiting were used as keywords.

Five studies were included in this systematic review. Considering the moderate heterogeneity in the results of studies on the effect of ginger on nausea (P=0.022; I2=68%) and vomiting (P=0.08; I2=54%, 54), a random effects model was employed for data analysis. Based on the results of the meta-analysis, the effect of ginger on the reduction of nausea [standard mean difference=-0.46; (95%CI=-0.91-0.01; P=0.04)] and vomiting [standard mean difference= -0.59; (95%CI= -0.96-0.21; P=0.022)] was due to effective chemotherapy when comparing with the controls. Moreover, phytoestrogens were more effective in controlling vomiting and nausea in the experimental group [standard mean difference=-0.57; (95%CI: -0.82-0.31; P<0.001)]

Five Studies included in this systematic review. Due to the moderate heterogeneity cross the results of ginger studies on nausea (P = 0.022; I2 = 68%) and vomiting (P = 0.08; I2 = 54%), a random effects model was employed for data analysis. Based on results of meta-analysis, the ginger in reducing nausea [standard mean difference =-0.46; (95%CI= -0.91-0.01; p = 0.04)] and vomiting [standard mean difference = -0.59; (95%CI= -0.96-0.21; p = 0.022)] was due to effective chemotherapy when comparing with the controls. Based on the results of meta-analysis, phytoestrogens were more effective than in the control group [standard mean difference =-0.57; (95%CI: -0.82-0.31; p <0.001)] in relief of vomiting and nausea.

As evidenced by the obtained results, ginger and phytoestrogens can improve nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy patients. Phytoestrogens can be a beneficial treatment to relive nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.Keywords: Chamomile, Chemotherapy, Ginger, Mint, Nausea, Systematic review, Vomiting

The prevalence of obesity in the world has increased dramatically, and it is an effective factor in the fundamental motor skills of children.

This study aimed to compare the fundamental motor skills of 3-6-year-old boys and girls with normal weight, overweight, and obesity in Tehran, Iran.

This applied-field study was conducted on 774 children (378 girls and 396 boys) with an age range from 3 to 6 years. The subjects were selected randomly from the geographical regions of the north, east, south, west, and center of Tehran, Iran. They were then divided into three groups of normal weight, overweight, and obese based on the body mass index (BMI) value points of the Bouchard table. Height, weight, fat percentage, and fundamental motor skills (e.g., balance, jumping, receiving and throwing the ball) were assessed in this study. Finally, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data through SPSS software (version 25).

The results showed that the distribution of normal weight, overweight, and obesity does not affect the balance skill of 3-6-year-old girls and boys (P=0.632; P=0.555). However, the girls showed more significant competence in the balance skill, compared to boys (P=0.025). On the other hand, boys outperformed significantly the girls in the other fundamental motor skills, including jumping, as well as receiving and throwing the ball (P=0.000). Moreover, the distribution of normal weight, overweight, and obesity was only effective in scores of boys (P=0.039; P=0.007; P=0.001) and did not affect those of girls (P=0.103; P=0.189; P=0.693).

Normal weight, overweight, and obesity did not affect the balance of girls and boys aged 3 to 6 years. However, they had effects on fundamental motor skills, such as jumping, as well as throwing and receiving the ball, especially in boys.Keywords: Children, Fundamental Motor skills, Normal weight, Obesity, Overweight

The presence of both depression and aggression, or even one of these factors, can exert numerous negative effects on the education and skills of adolescents.

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the goal-setting intervention in adolescents' aggressive and depressive behavior with a special focus on adolescents in Tehran Correction and Rehabilitation Center in the year 2021.

The quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pre-test, post-test, and control group design with a one-month follow-up. A total of 30 adolescents living in the Correctional Center of Tehran Province present in the center before imprisonment were selected by the convenience sampling method. Teenagers in the experimental group received the goal-setting intervention (Locke & Latham, 2004) in 10 one-hour sessions twice a week, and adolescents in both groups responded to the Youth Self-Report Scale (YSR)  (Ashnbach & Rescorla, 2001) in three stages. Data analysis was performed using analysis of covariance.

The results of repeated measures analysis of variance test demonstrated that goal-setting intervention exerted a marked effect on aggression and depression in adolescents, and this effect remained stable in the follow-up phase (P<0.01).

As evidenced by research findings, goal-setting intervention can be used to reduce aggressive and depressive behavior.Keywords: Adolescent, Aggression, Depression, Goal- setting, Intervention