نشریه پژوهش های کاربردی در علوم ورزشی و سلامت
پیاپی 4 (زمستان 1401)

Aging is an important risk factor for cognitive functions. On the other hand, exercise improves brain health and improves cognitive functions. However, the mechanisms of these benefits have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of four weeks of intermittent aerobic exercise with moderate intensity on cognitive function and the expression level of PGC1α and VEGF genes in the hippocampus of old rats. For this purpose, 20-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into 2 exercise training groups (number = 8 heads) and control (number = 8 heads). The animals of the sports group performed intermittent aerobic training with moderate intensity for 4 weeks, 5 days a week. In order to investigate learning and spatial memory, the animals were subjected to the Morris water maze test 48 hours after the last training session. Then, the animals were killed and the hippocampal tissue was extracted. Real time-PCR method was used to measure gene expression. Statistical analysis was done using independent t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient at a significant level of P£0.05. The results showed that aerobic exercise improved learning performance (P ≥ 0.05) and spatial memory (P ≥ 0.001) and the expression level of PGC1α (P ≥ 0.01) and VEGF (P ≥ 0.001) Increasing. Also, a significant positive correlation between PGC1α gene expression and VEGF gene expression in the hippocampus was observed (p≥0.001, r=0.894). In addition, there was a significant inverse relationship between VEGF gene expression and the average time spent to find the platform (p≥0.05, r=-0.578), and there was a significant positive relationship with the time spent in the quadrant of the target circle (p≥0.01, r=0.713). In general, aerobic exercise improves learning performance and spatial memory in old animals; It seems that exercise-induced upregulation of the PGC1α/VEGF signaling pathway in the brain is at least partially involved in this adaptation.

The purpose of the present study is to review the relationship between social and psychological capitaland job burnout of physical education teachers in Kazeroun. The purpose of this research is practical, its method is descriptive-correlational, and it has a temporary time period. The statistical population involved all physical education teachers in Kazeroun among whom 83 members were chosen by total sampling. Data collection instruments included Khodādād’s social capital standard questionnaire (2010), psychological capital survey designed by Luthans et al. (2007), and Maslach’s job burnout questionnaire (1996). Descriptive statistics was used for data description and for data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression methods were applied. The results revealed that there is a significantly negative relationship between social and psychological capital as well as their components and job burnout of the participants. Moreover, social and psychological capital have a significant potential to predict the participants’ job burnout.

General efficiency is considered as the common belief of a group about its potentials to organize and conduct required measures to achieve a desired improvement. The purpose of the present research is to study general efficiency based on the personality type of wrestling coaches emphasizing on social anxiety intervention. In terms of purpose, this research is practical and it has a correlational-descriptive approach. The statistical population consisted of all 510 wrestling coaches in Tehran among whom 220 members were chosen by random sampling. Data collection tool involved Lina Jerabek's Social Anxiety Scale (1996), Neo's Personality Five Factor Model, and Shere's General Self-Efficiency Scale. For data analysis, regression and correlation tests as well as SPSS (version 22) were used. The research results showed that general efficiency is predictable based on social anxiety and personality type of wrestling coaches. Therefore, general efficiency can probably be effective in making social relations with the purpose of success among wrestling coaches.

The purpose of the present study is to review the effect of 8 weeks of concurrent training on plasma concentration of Irisin and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in overweight middle-aged men.20 healthy middle-aged men with the average age of 51.3±7.5 were randomly chosen and divided into 2 groups of test (10 members) and control (10 members) groups. The participants in the test group took part in 8 weeks of concurrent exercise. The work out plan consisted of 10 minutes of warm-up, 25 minutes of aerobics, 30 minutes of endurance activities, and 5 minutes of cool-down. Blood samples were tested before the test and 48 hours after the last work out session in order to measure Irisin and BDNF levels by ELISA test. For data analysis, t-test was used. The results showed that plasma concentration of Irisin and BDNF levels increased significantly in the test group compared to the pre-test (P≥ 0.001). Also, the comparison between test group and control group in post-test indicated high plasma levels of Irisin and BDNF in the concurrent test group (P≥ 0.001). Furthermore, there was a significantly positive relation between plasma changes of Irisin and BDNF (r-0.569; P≥ 0.01).  It seems that concurrent exercising can positively regulate Irisin and BDNF levels in overweight middle-aged men and thus fight against the harmful effects of aging.

The purpose of the present study is to review the role of the sanitation ministry for culture creation and prevention of non-contagious diseases related to inactivity in the country with an emphasis on physical activity. The current research is a descriptive survey and it has a developmental and somehow practical objective. The statistical population of the research consisted of 600 specialists of medical science and MA experts at Iran Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti, and Tehran Universities. Simple random sampling was used to determine 234 members by Morgan Table as the research sample. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed and its reliability was calculated to be 0.71 by Cronbach Alpha Coefficient. The results showed that the ministry of health and medical education does not yet have a comprehensive plan and policy to prevent inactivity related diseases through encouraging physical activity. Moreover, the most important factors in line with betterment of the culture of physical activity to prevent inactivity diseases were determined by the ministry of sanitation, health, and medical education.  The Ministry of sanitation, health, and medical education as well as the ministry of sport and youth should take steps to boost physical activity and improve health in society by collaboration, encouragement policies, and culture creation strategies.

The purpose of the present study is the strategic analysis of hosting the International Military Sports Council (CISM) in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method is qualitative and descriptive and it is considered as a strategic study. The statistical population consisted of all those who were active in the field of physical education in the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Military, active experts in the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Army (AJA) as well as athletes and coaches who had attended in the CISM games. The research sample was chosen purposefully and the interviews continued until theoretical saturation. The research instrument consisted of interviews, exchanging views with the elites, and library study. In order to achieve the research objectives, a list of strength and weakness points as well as chances and threats for hosting and holding the World’s Military Games in Iran was made using Delphi method and then it was finalized by the expert advice of the scholars. The research results showed that the strategic status of our country in terms of hosting the CISM games is SO or competitive. It indicates that hosting the CISM in Iran has some strength points in terms of internal factors and also some chances in terms of external factors which should be considered in setting the guidelines. The strategic status of the armed forces sports to host the CISM is seemingly without any weakness or restriction; however, it actually has some drawbacks which can be turned into strength points in case of suitable and comprehensive planning.